Description: Iron and steel industry plays an important role for value creation and employment in the EU-27. It is also the industrial sector with the highest absolute CO2 emissions. Since the introduction ofthe European Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) in 2005, total sector emissions covered by the scheme have declined from 235 Mt CO2 to 178 Mt CO2, in 2022. With two rounds of scope extensions for the EU ETS, emissions from installations now covered by the scheme have most probably declined even stronger. Note that these figures also do not include indirect emissions from electricity consumption, which are particularly important on the EAF-route, and DRI-EAF route. In this paper we are able to shed light on the drivers of the declining trend, including both direct and indirect emissions, and with a special focus on the role of the EU ETS. The decline of emissions from iron and steelmaking covered by the EU ETS in the EU 27+UK was primarily driven by a reduction of production on the emissions intensive BF-BOF-route. There was no major shift in production routes, but rather production was decreased in times of economic downturn, and instead of full recovery due to renewed economic development, increasing demand was also met with a boost in imports. No shift from the BF-BOF-route to the electricity based EAF-route could be observed, which would have reduced direct emissions to less than 20%. This could be due to limited scrap resources in the EU, the need for new large scale investments in EAF installations and large-scale electricity connectors, and the limited substitutability of EAF-based crude steel and crude steel for primary production routes (BF-BOF route, DRI-EAF route). On the country level, Italy and UK have seen the largest decline in emissions. While the Spanish iron and steelmaking industry was heavily hit by the financial and later by the Euro crisis, the German steel industry was much less affected. Neither a significant change in the energy mix on a particular route nor a change in technology influencing efficiency was found in the data. Hence, at least the combination of both had no substantial effect on emissions decline. Emission reductions in power generation are clearly mirrored in the data on indirect emissions of the iron and steel production.
Global identifier:
Doi(
"10.60810/openumwelt-7670",
)
Tags: CO2-Emission ? Stahlerzeugung ? Eisen ? Eisen- und Stahlindustrie ? Elektrische Energie ? Altmetall ? Stahlindustrie ? Europäischer Emissionshandel ? Energiemix ? Stromerzeugung ? Elektrizitätsverbrauch ? Papier ? Emissionsminderung ? Energiegewinnung ? Wirtschaftsentwicklung ? Industrie ? Stahl ? Daten ? Ressource ? Substituierbarkeit ? 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik ? Klima | Energie ?
License: DCAT-AP.de Sonstige geschlossene Lizenz
Language: Englisch/English
Issued: 2025-01-01
Last harvest: 01.01.1970 00:00
Accessed 2 times.