Description: technologyComment of hydraulic fluid production, for geological stimulation (GLO): Hydraulic fracturing fluids can vary a lot in their composition. A well-documented composition is modelled in this dataset, taking into account all kinds of additive types and purposes.
Types:
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text_type: Report,
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Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This is the market for 'hydraulic fracturing fluid', in the Global geography. This product is generally considered to be used at the production site. Therefore, the market does not contain any transport. This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: hydraulic fluid production, for geological stimulation, GLO: 1.0 generalComment of hydraulic fluid production, for geological stimulation (GLO): This is a dataset for a hydraulic fracturing fluid. Hydraulic fracturing can be conducted by injecting only pure water at high pressure into the rock, as often done for Enhanced Geothermal Systems (Grosser Rat BS 2003, McClure 2012). A big variety of chemicals is often added in deep shale natural gas and oil fracturing in a 0.5-2 vol% range (US Department of Energy 2009, Chesapeake Energy 2012). The US Committee on Energy (2011) indicates the use of over 700 different chemicals, out of them the most recent: Methanol, Isopropanol, Silica-quartz, 2-Butoxyethanol, Ethylene glycol, hydrotreated light petrolium distillates, sodium hydroxide. According to the US Committee for Energy (2011), the composition of these fluids varies by formation, ranging from a simple mixture of water and sand to more complex mixtures with a multitude of chemical additives. The companies may use these chemical additives to thicken or thin the fluids, improve the flow of the fluid, or kill bacteria that can reduce fracturing performance. According to (US Department of Energy 2009), a typical fracture treatment will use very low choncentrations of between 3 and 12 additive chemicals depending on the characteristics of the water and the shale formation being fractures. Overall the concentration of additives in most fracturing fluids is a relatively consisten 0.5% to 2% with water making up 98% to 99.5%. This dataset is modeled with 0.5vol% additives which cover the range of all possible functions that could be built into a fracturing fluid. Sources: - Grosser Rat Basel-Stadt. 2003. Ratschlag Nr. 9262 betreffend Rahmenkredit für den Bau eines geothermischen Heiz-Kraftwerks (Deep heat Mining) sowie Beantwortung Anzug Dr. Rudolf Rechsteiner und Konsorten betreffend Geothermie. Vom 5. August 2004 /031323/98526/BD - McClure, M. 2012. Discrete Fracture Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation in Enhanced Geothermal Systems. School of Earth Sciences, Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University. - US Department of Energy. 2009. Modern Shale Gas. Development in the United States: A Primer. US Department of Energy. Office of Fossil Energy. National Energy Technology Laboratory. April 2009. p.62f - Chesapeake Energy. 2012. Hydraulic fracturing facts. Fracturing Ingredients, Example of Typical Deep Shale Hydraulic Fracturing Mixture Makeup. www.hydrualicfracturing.com, accessed 30.01.2012 - US Committee on Energy. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Minority Staff. April 2011.
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
Tags: Fracking ? Hydraulikflüssigkeit ? Zusatzstoff ? Kind ? Fracking-Fluid ? Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products ? Manufacture of other chemical products ? Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c. ? Manufacturing ?
License: unbekannt
Language: Deutsch
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