Description: technologyComment of heavy mineral sand quarry operation (AU, RoW): There are two ways for mining zircon sand: dry & wet mining with the choice of mining depending on the structure of the geological deposit. During wet mining, floating dredges and a floating concentrator are utilized in an enclosed pond, where the concentrator moves behind the dredges. Wet mining is the preferred technique for large continuous deposits with amounts of clay. For all other types of HMS deposits (hard-ground deposits, discontinuous deposits and small tonnage high-grade deposits), dry mining is the most preferred mining process. Dry mining utilizes earth-moving machinery (loaders, excavators, scrapes) for the purposes of sand excavation and transportation to the concentrator. The mining unit plants used in dry mining are mobile in order to minimize the transport distance of the sand. After the transportation of the HMS to the respective concentrator, wet gravity separations techniques (spirals) are usually applied for the production of the heavy mineral concentrate (HMC), although some hard-rock sites use bulk froth flotation to extract the heavy minerals from the sand. The produced slurry from dry and wet mining is then fed to the concentrator, where the HMC (90-96% heavy minerals) is produced along with the tailings that are backfilled in the mined areas. The HMC is transported to a mineral separation plant (MSP), where the HMC is subjected to scrubbing, drying and is separated by magnetic, electrostatic and gravity separation, producing zircon sand, ilmenite and rutile, with the last two considered as byproducts. technologyComment of ilmenite - magnetite mine operation (GLO): No comment present
Types:
Text {
text_type: Report,
}
Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This is the market for 'ilmenite, 54% titanium dioxide', in the Global geography. Transport from producers to consumers of this product in the geography covered by the market is included. This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: heavy mineral sand quarry operation, AU: 0.0685712 ilmenite - magnetite mine operation, GLO: 0.855510685714286 heavy mineral sand quarry operation, RoW: 0.0759181142857143 generalComment of heavy mineral sand quarry operation (RoW): This dataset refers to the production of 1 kg of zircon sand (reference product) and 1.286 kg of ilmenite and 0.409 kg of rutile (co-products) as a result mining and mineral separation activities applied on the heavy mineral sands (HMS). This dataset is based on the Gediga et al (2019) publication. According to that source, the dataset is meant to be a global average representation of the zircon sand production (data taken from 8 companies including 10 production sites, covering all major producing countries – Australia, South Africa, Kenya, Senegal and USA) representing 77% of the global situation. The authors of the abovementioned publication acknowledge the existence of radioactive emissions, but their values were not provided. These emissions were included for completeness purposes and their respective amounts were taken from the previous existing dataset in Ecoinvent about the production of zircon sand (''heavy mineral sand quarry operation, GLO,2000-2005'' provided by Ecoinvent version 3.7 - see respective exchange comments). Due to lack of information, the exchange ''waste for recovery'' was approximated as non-sulfudic overburden, based on the information provided in Lundberg 2012 – where it is stated that 90% of the extracted materials return to the mining void. Reference 1: Gediga, J., Morfino, A., Finkbeiner, M., Schulz, M., & Harlow, K. (2019). Life cycle assess-ment of zircon sand. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 24(11), 1976-1984. doi:10.1007/s11367-019-01619-5. Reference 2: Lundberg, M. (2012). Environmental analysis of zirconium alloy production. (11061 Student thesis), Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-166178 DiVA da-tabase. [This dataset is meant to replace the following datasets: - heavy mineral sand quarry operation, GLO, 2000 - 2005 (496f72b2-bf19-443a-806a-1ef7e188217b)] [This dataset is meant to replace the following datasets: - heavy mineral sand quarry operation, GLO, 2019 - 2023 (d0fee673-ae20-4118-b835-40554e41201b)] generalComment of heavy mineral sand quarry operation (AU): This dataset refers to the production of 1 kg of zircon sand (reference product) and 1.286 kg of ilmenite and 0.409 kg of rutile (co-products) as a result of the mining and mineral separation activities applied on the heavy mineral sands (HMS). This dataset is based on the Gediga et al (2019) publication. This dataset has been approximated from the respective dataset covering the geography GLO. The data is assumed representative also of the Australian situation, since Australia is one of the major producers of zircon sand. The authors of the abovementioned publication acknowledge the existence of radioactive emissions, but their values were not provided. These emissions were included for completeness purposes and their respective amounts were taken from the previous existing dataset in Ecoinvent about the production of zircon sand (''heavy mineral sand quarry operation, GLO,2000-2005'' provided by Ecoinvent version 3.7 - see respective exchange comments). Due to lack of information, the exchange ''waste for recovery'' was approximated as non-sulfudic overburden, based on the information provided in Lundberg 2012 – where it is stated that 90% of the extracted materials return to the mining void. Reference 1: Gediga, J., Morfino, A., Finkbeiner, M., Schulz, M., & Harlow, K. (2019). Life cycle assess-ment of zircon sand. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 24(11), 1976-1984. doi:10.1007/s11367-019-01619-5. Reference 2: Lundberg, M. (2012). Environmental analysis of zirconium alloy production. (11061 Student thesis), Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-166178 DiVA da-tabase. None [This dataset is meant to replace the following datasets: - heavy mineral sand quarry operation, AU, 2000 - 2005 (e7cb06b0-0968-4b37-8853-0d72386db8b5)] [This dataset is meant to replace the following datasets: - heavy mineral sand quarry operation, AU, 2019 - 2023 (446689f6-240f-4d3e-b34b-eed09fdbfa31)] generalComment of ilmenite - magnetite mine operation (GLO): Ilmenite and magnetite mining from hard-rock ore. Based on Tellnes mine (Norway) and Lac Allard mine (Canada). Comments on modelling. All the flows related to energy consumption are based on U.S. Department of Energy survay from 2007 on Mining Industry (http://www1.eere.energy.gov/manufacturing/industries_technologies/mining/pdfs/mining_bandwidth.pdf). The emissions are based on limestone quarry operation and production datasets. The land use and occupation is based on rough measurements from map.
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
Tags: Titandioxid ? Zirkonium ? Altsand ? Trockenabbau ? Baggerung ? Sandgrube ? Tongrube ? Sand ? Bergematerial ? Flotation ? Magnetabscheidung ? Nebenprodukt ? Produktionstechnik ? Standortwahl ? Mineral ? Verkehr ? Trockenverfahren ? Mining and quarrying ? Mining of metal ores ? Mining of non-ferrous metal ores ? Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores ?
License: unbekannt
Language: Deutsch
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