Description: technologyComment of dimethyl carbonate production (RER): Dimethyl carbonate has been historically produced through the reaction of phosgene and methanol. Because of the toxicity of phosgene, a greener route of production has been developed (Tundo and Selva 2002). Today it is mostly produced through the reaction of ethylene or propylene carbonate with methanol. This activity models the production of dimethyl carbonate as the result of the reaction of ethylene carbonate and methanol. Chemical reaction: C3H4O3 + CH3OH -> C3H6O3 + CH2O This inventory representing production of a particular chemical compound is at least partially based on a generic model on the production of chemicals. The data generated by this model have been improved by compound-specific data when available. The model on production of chemicals is using specific industry or literature data wherever possible and more generic data on chemical production processes to fill compound-specific data gaps when necessary. The basic principles of the model have been published in literature (Hischier 2005, Establishing Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals Based on Differing Data Availability). The model has been updated and extended with newly available data from the chemical industry. In the model, unreacted fractions are treated in a waste treatment process, and emissions reported are after a waste treatment process that is included in the scope of this dataset. For volatile reactants, a small level of evaporation is assumed. Solvents and catalysts are mostly recycled in closed-loop systems within the scope of the dataset and reported flows are for losses from this system. The main source of information for the values for heat, electricity, water (process and cooling), nitrogen, chemical factory is industry data from Gendorf. The values are a 5-year average of data (2011 - 2015) published by the Gendorf factory (Gendorf, 2016, Umwelterklärung, www.gendorf.de), (Gendorf, 2015, Umwelterklärung, www.gendorf.de), (Gendorf, 2014, Umwelterklärung, www.gendorf.de). The Gendorf factory is based in Germany, it produces a wide range of chemical substances. The factory produced 1657400 tonnes of chemical substances in the year 2015 (Gendorf, 2016, Umwelterklärung, www.gendorf.de) and 740000 tonnes of intermediate products. Reference(s): Hischier, R. (2005) Establishing Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals Based on Differing Data Availability (9 pp). The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp 59–67. 10.1065/lca2004.10.181.7 Gendorf (2016) Umwelterklärung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de Tundo, P. and Selva, M. 2002. The Chemistry of Dimethyl Carbonate. Acc. Chem. Res. Vol.9, 35, pp. 706–716 For more information on the model please refer to the dedicate ecoinvent report, access it in the Report section of ecoQuery (http://www.ecoinvent.org/login-databases.html) technologyComment of oxidation of methanol (RER): Represents a current cross-section of actual plants in Europe. The inventory is based on 100% formaldehyde production. The inputs and outputs are an average of the Silver and Formox processes. Silver process: Initially, methanol is dehydrogenated and subsequently there is combustion of hydrogen overall resulting in the production of formaldehyde and water. The raction takes place with air over a crystalline silver catalyst. Formox process: Methanol is directly oxidized by air over a metal oxide catalyst at a temperature of 470 °C. excess heat is removed with an oil-transfer medium. The product gases are cooled, absorbed in water, and an aqueous 37% formaldehyde solution is obtained. (Wells, 1999) References: G. Margaret Wells, “Handbook of Petrochemicals and Processes”, 2nd edition, Ashgate, 1999 Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M. and Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0 No. 8. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CH.
Types:
Text {
text_type: Report,
}
Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This dataset represents the supply of 1 kg of formaldehyde from activities that produce it within the geography RER. A regional market for Europe [RER] is motivated by the low share (in the range of 2.5%-4.4% of total trade quantities between 2010-2016) of import quantities to EU28 from outside (excluding Norway and Switzerland) the Union. Source: Eurostat database, EU trade since 1988 by HS6 (DS-016893), HS6-code: 291211 - METHANAL 'FORMALDEHYDE', Assessed on: 2018-03-23. The transport amounts are based on eurostat transport statistics for 2016 (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database, extracted on the 2018-06-01). See exchange comments for additional details. This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: dimethyl carbonate production, RER: 0.00849076017011825 oxidation of methanol, RER: 0.991509239829882 generalComment of dimethyl carbonate production (RER): Dimethyl carbonate is the result of the reaction of phosgene and methanol. This product is defined by Tundo and Selva (2002) as a “green agent” given its non-toxicity and biodegradability. According to Tundo and Selva (2002) this product can be used as a substitute of methyl alides/sulfate and phosgene used in methylation and carbonylation. Reference(s): Gendorf (2016) Umwelterklärung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de Tundo, P. and Selva, M. 2002. The Chemistry of Dimethyl Carbonate. Acc. Chem. Res. Vol.9, 35, pp. 706–716 For more information on the model please refer to the dedicate ecoinvent report, access it in the Report section of ecoQuery (http://www.ecoinvent.org/login-databases.html) generalComment of oxidation of methanol (RER): This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of formaldehyde by oxidation of methanol. This process also produces steam, which carries part of the total environmental burdens. Formaldehyde is an organic chemical, which is a colorless gas at ambient temperature that has a pungent, suffocating odor and polymerizes in the presence of acids or alkali agents. Formaldehyde is used for the production of: - a large variety of resins generated through reaction with other compounds such as phenol or urea. These resins are used as adhesives, bonding agents, glues, paints, coating and other applications; - MDI (methyl diisocyanate), for polyurethanes; - polyoxymethylene, a formaldehyde polymer used as an engineering plastic; - polyols for water-soluble paints and coatings; - hydraulic fluids and lubricants, etc. Formaldehyde is produced industrially by the oxidation/dehydrogenation of methanol (silver catalyst process) or by oxidation of methanol with air (Formox process). This dataset represents an average of these two processes. It is based on literature data. References: Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M. and Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. Final report ecoinvent data v2.0 No. 8. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CH. Gendorf (2016) Umwelterklärung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de.
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
Tags: Ethylen ? Propen ? Methanol ? Phosgen ? Silber ? Carbonat ? Abfallbehandlung ? Chemische Industrie ? Katalysator ? Kühlwasser ? Lösungsmittel ? Metalloxid ? Rohwasser ? Stickstoff ? Wasserstoff ? Formaldehyd ? Umwelterklärung ? Main ? Schweiz ? Petrochemikalien ? Aufbereitungstechnik ? Chemieanlage ? Elektrizitätswirtschaft ? Leitfaden ? Lufttemperatur ? Verdunstung ? Wasserkühlung ? Ökobilanz ? Gasförmiger Stoff ? Oxidation ? Wasser ? Chemische Verbindung ? Daten ? Europa ? Zwischenprodukt ? Chemikalien ? Abschlussbericht ? Chemische Reaktion ? Chemischer Stoff ? Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms ? Manufacturing ? Manufacture of basic chemicals ? Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products ?
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Language: Deutsch
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