Description: technologyComment of sulfuric acid production (RER): This datasets corresponds to the technology used in European sulfuric acid plants. technologyComment of zinc sulfide production (RER): Production from zinc monosulfate and sodium sulfide, assuming a yield of 100%. Zinc sulphide is produced by precipitation out of a solution according to the following stoechiometric equation: ZnSO4.H2O + Na2S -> ZnS + Na2SO4 + H2O
Types:
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text_type: Report,
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Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This dataset represents the supply of 1 kg of sulfuric acid from activities that produce it within the geography RER. A regional market for Europe [RER] is motivated by the low share (in the range of 1.3%-2.9% of total trade quantities between 2010-2016) of import quantities to EU28 from outside (excluding Norway and Switzerland) the Union. In addition, the export quantities exceeded the import quantities (the ratio export/import was in the range of 43-76 in the same period). Source: Eurostat database, EU trade since 1988 by HS6 (DS-016893), HS6-code: 280700 - SULPHURIC ACID; OLEUM, Assessed on: 2017-11-15. The transport amounts are based on eurostat transport statistics for 2016 (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database, extracted on the 2018-06-01). See exchange comments for additional details. This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: sulfuric acid production, RER: 0.971855803411925 zinc sulfide production, RER: 0.0281441965880748 generalComment of sulfuric acid production (RER): This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid (formula H2SO4) is a colorless to yellow, oily, dense liquid with a sharp, acrid odor. Sulfuric acid is used in nearly all industrial sectors and is a vital commodity in any national economy. Most of its uses are actually indirect, in that the sulfuric acid is used as a reagent rather than an ingredient. The largest single sulfuric acid consumer by far is the fertilizer industry. There, sulfuric acid is used with phosphate rock in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers and smaller amounts are also used in the production of ammonium and potassium sulfate. Substantial quantities are used as an acidic dehydrating agent in organical chemical and petrochemical processes, as well as in oil refining. In the metal processing industry, sulfuric acid is used for pickling and descaling steel; for the extraction of copper, uranium and vanadium from ores; and in non-ferrous metal purification and plating. In the inorganic chemical industry, it is used most notably in the production of titanium dioxide. Certain wood pulping processes for paper also require sulfuric acid, as do some textile and fiber processes (such as rayon and cellulose manufacture) and leather tanning. Other end uses for sulfuric acid include effluent/water treatment, plasticisers, dyestuffs, explosives, silicate for toothpaste, adhesives, rubbers, edible oils, lubricants and the manufacture of food acids such as citric acid and lactic acid. Probably the largest use of sulfuric acid in which this chemical becomes incorporated into the final product is in organic sulphonation processes, particularly for the production of detergents. Many pharmaceuticals are also made by sulphonation processes. There are several sources of sulfur in order to produce sulphuric acid: sulfur originating from crude oil or natural gas industry, sulfur originating from the metal industry and sulphur from pyrite mining. Besides, sulfuric acid can be produced by recycling, i.e. reusing, existing sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur dioxide, its conversion into sulfur trioxide and flowingly, the adsorption of sulfur trioxide by water, resulting in sulfuric acid. Reactions are strongly exothermic, however depending on the production process of the sulfur dioxide. The production of sulfur dioxide from metal sulphate roasting and the regeneration of sulfuric acid is not exothermic. The production of sulphur dioxide is conducted on different ways, depending on the sulphuric acid production route: combustion of sulphur, combustion of sulfur containing gases, metal sulfide roasting, roasting of pyrite and sulfuric acid regeneration. For the use of sulfuric acid as an auxiliary product in the fertiliser production process it is assumed, that the sulfur enters the system from the oil and gas industry. This assumption is confirmed by the oil and gas industry. Most crude oil and gas deposits found around the globe contain a varying proportion of sulfurous compounds. At a refinery, the sulfur is stripped from the feedstock to ensure that the fuel products produced from the refining operations can meet government requirements for allowable sulfur content (typically <10 ppm for road transport fuels in many jurisdictions). Thus, it can be said that: Refineries would not produce elemental sulfur if they did not have to. The same amount of sulphur would be produced even if no application existed for it. All the refinery emissions and the cost of desulphurisation are currently allocated to the hydrocarbon products. Sulfur in crude gas streams is generally in the form of hydrogen sulfide and is removed at the wellhead before transport. Environmental regulations prevent its incineration and so it is extracted as elemental sulfur. Co-products: steam is produced as co-product. The main data sources for this dataset are Fertilizers Europe (2016) and Althaus et al (2007). Additional data sources are listed as follows. References: Kongshaug G. (1998): Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Fertilizer Production. IFA 20th July 1998 Davies J., Haglund C. (1999): Life Cycle Inventory of Fertiliser Production. SIK-Report No 654 1999. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. Patyk R., Reinhardt, G.A. (1997): Düngemittel - Energie- und Stoffstrombilanzen. Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig. Fertilizers Europe (2000): Best Available Techniques for Pollution Prevention and Control in the European Fertilizer Industry. Booklet No. 4 of 8: Production of sulfuric acid. Fertilizers Europe, Brussels. European Sulphuric Acid Association (2016): personal communication Fertilizers Europe (2016): Carbon Footprint Calculator for Fertilizer Production. Specification. Version 2.1 Fertilizers Europe (2016): Average Emissions Year 2014. Fertilizers Europe Environmental report (internal). Used for updated energy and GHG emission in Carbon Footprint Calculator Althaus H.-J., Chudacoff M., Hischier R., Jungbluth N., Osses M. and Primas A. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Chemicals. ecoinvent report No. 8, v2.0. EMPA Dübendorf, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, CH. generalComment of zinc sulfide production (RER): This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of solid zinc sulfide powder. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is a white to yellow coloured powder or crystal. Zinc sulfide can be used as a pigment (sachtolith), mainly in plastics and paints. With addition of a few ppm of a suitable activator, ZnS is also used as a phosphor in many applications, from cathode ray tubes through x-ray screens to glow-in-the-dark products. Copper doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu) is used in electroluminescent panels. Zinc sulfide is also used as an infrared optical material, transmitting from visible wavelengths to over 12 micrometres. In this dataset, the raw material inputs are calculated according to stoichiometry and the emissions to air and water are estimated using mass balance. Therefore, this dataset represents an estimation of the production process and should be used only for processes where the impact of zinc sulfide is not considered to be high. The energy and water values are approximated based on data from a large chemical plant (Gendorf 2016). References: Hischier R., Classen M., Lehmann M. and Scharnhorst W. (2007) Life cycle inventories of Electric and Electronic Equipment: Production, Use and Disposal. ecoinvent report No. 18. Empa / Technology & Society Lab, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, Dübendorf, 2007. Gendorf (2016) Umwelterklärung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de.
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
Tags: Zinksulfid ? Schwefelsäure ? Schwefelsäureherstellung ? Niederschlag ? Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms ? Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products ? Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds ? Manufacturing ?
License: unbekannt
Language: Deutsch
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