Description: technologyComment of thermo-mechanical pulp production (RER, RoW): Modern average technology.
Types:
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text_type: Report,
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Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This is the market for 'thermo-mechanical pulp', in the Global geography. This product is generally considered to be used at the production site. Therefore, the market does not contain any transport. The product “thermo-mechanical pulp” (TMP) is a type of unbleached, mechanical, wood-containing pulp. Mechanical pulp is weaker than chemical pulp (sulfate and sulfite pulp) but has a higher light-scattering coefficients and opacity. In the TMP production process, wood chips are thermally pre-treated with steam and defibrated in the refiner. Defibration can happen in a single stage under pressure and increased temperature or in two stages under high pressure (~about 3 bar) or at atmospheric pressure. During mechanical defibration, lignin is plasticised and remains in the pulp. TMP cannot be brightened effectively by oxidative and reductive bleaching. The majority of mechanical pulp is produced at integrated pulp mills which directly process it further into (paper-) products and only a minor part of pulp production is sold on the market. TMP pulp is mainly used for Printing & writing papers and newsprint. This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: thermo-mechanical pulp production, RER: 0.336620451052259 thermo-mechanical pulp production, RoW: 0.663379548947741 generalComment of thermo-mechanical pulp production (RER): This dataset characterises the average production of mechanical pulp following a refiner process with thermal pre-treatment (TMP) in Europe. Bleaching has not been included because mechanical pulps cannot be brightened effectively by oxidative and reductive bleaching. During mechanical defibration, lignin is plasticised and remains in the pulp. This makes mechanical pulp weaker but with higher light-scattering coefficients and opacity than chemical pulp (sulfate and sulfite pulp). Mechanical pulps are mainly used for short-life printing papers, hygienic paper and board. PULP MARKET: Of the total pulp production in Europe the largest part is sulfate /kraft-pulp, making up about 70% of total pulp production. Thermo-mechanical pulp is a type of mechanical pulp, which makes up around 25-28% of total pulp production, of which in turn the largest part, about 85%, is thermo-mechanical pulp and the rest chemi-thermomechanical pulp. Only a part of pulp production is sold on the market, the majority is produced at integrated pulp mills which directly process it further into (paper-) products. For mechanical pulp the share of market pulp is small, much in 2016 was 9%, the other 92% is integrated pulp. The SOURCES of information for this dataset are (1) the former Swiss life cycle inventories of packing materials of the Swiss Environmental Agency (BUWAL) (Habersatter et al., 1998), (2) a study from the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) comparing printed and electronic media (Reichart & Hischier, 2001), (3) a German inventory on graphical paper commissioned by the UBA (Tiedemann et al., 2000), (4) a report of the Swedish EPA about the Swedish pulp and paper industry (Naturvardsverket, 2001), (5) the European IPPC documentation for the paper and pulp industry, which also contains information on Best Available Techniques (BAT) and the description and quantification of the present situation of the pulp and paper industry (European Commission, 2000) and (6) the theoretical description of Patt et al. (1993). Reference(s): Habersatter K., Fecker I., Dall'Acqua S., Fawer M., Fallscheer F., Förster R., Maillefer C., Ménard M., Reusser L., Som C., Stahel U. and Zimmermann P. (1998) Ökoinventare für Verpackungen. BUWAL Schriftenreihe Umwelt Nr. 250. 2nd Edition. BUWAL, Bern. Reichart I. and Hischier R. (2001) Vergleich der Umweltbelastungen bei Benut-zung elektronischer und gedruckter Medien. EMPA-Bericht Nr. 253. EMPA, St. Gallen. Tiedemann et al., 2000. Tiedemann A., Böttcher Tiedemann C., Buschardt A., Georgi B., Giersberg G., Goosmann G., Gregor H.-D., Mehlhorn B., Modi A., Neitzel H., Oels H.-J., Schmitz S. and Suhr M. (2000) Ökobilanzen für graphische Papiere. Texte 22/00. Umweltbundesamt, Berlin. Naturvardsverket, 2001. Naturvardsverket (2001) Skogsindustrins utsläpp - avfallsmängder och energiförbrukning 2000. Report 5154. Naturvardsverket (Swedish EPA), Stockholm. European Commission, 2000. European Commission (2000) Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) - Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Pa-per Industry. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Sevilla. Patt R., Kordsachia O., Süttinger R., Ohtani Y., Hoesch J. F., Ehrler P., Eich-inger R., Holik H., Hamm U., Rohmann M. E., Mummenhoff P., Petermann E., Miller R. F., Frank D., Wilken R., Baumgarten H. L. and Rentrop G.-H. (1993) Paper and Pulp. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A.18. VCH Publisher Inc. generalComment of thermo-mechanical pulp production (RoW): This dataset is a copy of the European dataset (thermo-mechanical pulp production, RER, 2000). This dataset characterises the average production of mechanical pulp following a refiner process with thermal pre-treatment (TMP) in Europe. Bleaching has not been included because mechanical pulps cannot be brightened effectively by oxidative and reductive bleaching. During mechanical defibration, lignin is plasticised and remains in the pulp. This makes mechanical pulp weaker but with higher light-scattering coefficients and opacity than chemical pulp (sulfate and sulfite pulp). Mechanical pulps are mainly used for short-life printing papers, hygienic paper and board. PULP MARKET: Of the total pulp production in Europe the largest part is sulfate /kraft-pulp, making up about 70% of total pulp production. Thermo-mechanical pulp is a type of mechanical pulp, which makes up around 25-28% of total pulp production, of which in turn the largest part, about 85%, is thermo-mechanical pulp and the rest chemi-thermomechanical pulp. Only a part of pulp production is sold on the market, the majority is produced at integrated pulp mills which directly process it further into (paper-) products. For mechanical pulp the share of market pulp is small, much in 2016 was 9%, the other 92% is integrated pulp. The SOURCES of information for this dataset are (1) the former Swiss life cycle inventories of packing materials of the Swiss Environmental Agency (BUWAL) (Habersatter et al., 1998), (2) a study from the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) comparing printed and electronic media (Reichart & Hischier, 2001), (3) a German inventory on graphical paper commissioned by the UBA (Tiedemann et al., 2000), (4) a report of the Swedish EPA about the Swedish pulp and paper industry (Naturvardsverket, 2001), (5) the European IPPC documentation for the paper and pulp industry, which also contains information on Best Available Techniques (BAT) and the description and quantification of the present situation of the pulp and paper industry (European Commission, 2000) and (6) the theoretical description of Patt et al. (1993). Reference(s): Habersatter K., Fecker I., Dall'Acqua S., Fawer M., Fallscheer F., Förster R., Maillefer C., Ménard M., Reusser L., Som C., Stahel U. and Zimmermann P. (1998) Ökoinventare für Verpackungen. BUWAL Schriftenreihe Umwelt Nr. 250. 2nd Edition. BUWAL, Bern. Reichart I. and Hischier R. (2001) Vergleich der Umweltbelastungen bei Benut-zung elektronischer und gedruckter Medien. EMPA-Bericht Nr. 253. EMPA, St. Gallen. Tiedemann et al., 2000. Tiedemann A., Böttcher Tiedemann C., Buschardt A., Georgi B., Giersberg G., Goosmann G., Gregor H.-D., Mehlhorn B., Modi A., Neitzel H., Oels H.-J., Schmitz S. and Suhr M. (2000) Ökobilanzen für graphische Papiere. Texte 22/00. Umweltbundesamt, Berlin. Naturvardsverket, 2001. Naturvardsverket (2001) Skogsindustrins utsläpp - avfallsmängder och energiförbrukning 2000. Report 5154. Naturvardsverket (Swedish EPA), Stockholm. European Commission, 2000. European Commission (2000) Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) - Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Pa-per Industry. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Sevilla. Patt R., Kordsachia O., Süttinger R., Ohtani Y., Hoesch J. F., Ehrler P., Eich-inger R., Holik H., Hamm U., Rohmann M. E., Mummenhoff P., Petermann E., Miller R. F., Frank D., Wilken R., Baumgarten H. L. and Rentrop G.-H. (1993) Paper and Pulp. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A.18. VCH Publisher Inc.
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
Tags: Zellstoff ? Manufacture of paper and paper products ? Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard ? Manufacturing ?
License: unbekannt
Language: Deutsch
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