Description: technologyComment of bulk lead-zinc concentrate to generic markets for zinc concentrate and lead concentrate (GLO): No comment present technologyComment of gold-silver mine operation and beneficiation (CA-QC): The ore is mined in an underground mine and transported by trucks to the mill for further processing. The ore is then fed into a series of grinding mills where steel balls grind the ore. Then follows the steps of flotation of copper and zinc, concentrate handling, cyanide destruction and backfilling of the tailings, refining of gold by electro-winning and melting in furnace to produce the gold and silver ingots. 20% of the tailings produce are sent underground to be used as backfill; sulfidic tailing is managed on site in tailings ponds. technologyComment of metalliferous hydroxide sludge to market for zinc concentrate (GLO): No comment present technologyComment of silver mine operation with extraction (PE): The exploitation methods include overhand cut and fill and bench and fill, both mechanized. The ore is transported by rail using locomotives and mining cars to the loading areas and to the concentration plant. The barren material is recirculated as backfill to the pits, and the excess material is transported to the barren material deposit located on the surface. The metallurgical process consists in two circuits: Circuit 1 consists of primary crushing, milling, and ore flotation, obtaining lead-silver, zinc-silver, and pyrite concentrates; while Circuit 2 consists of primary crushing, milling, and ore flotation, obtaining lead-silver, zinc-silver, and pyrite concentrates. The pyrite concentrates from both circuits are sent to the cyanidation plant. The solution obtained is treated using the Merrill-Crowe process, and the precipitate obtained is dried and smelted to finally obtain high-purity silver bars. technologyComment of zinc mine operation (GLO): The technological representativeness of this dataset is considered to be high as mining and concentration methods for zinc are consistent in all regions. Mining The mining of zinc ore includes underground and open cast mining processes. Within the global zinc industry, about 80% of zinc ore comes from underground mines and 20% from open pit or combination mines. - Underground Mining: Access is via vertical shafts or inclined roadways. There are usually two access routes (one for mining personnel and materials, and one for the ore) for safety and for ease of ventilation (fresh air comes in one and is then exhausted out of the other). These are permanent structures and therefore require strong roof supports (often including "bolts" into the rock to tie the layers together for strength). Once at the correct depth has been reached, horizontal tunnels are driven to reach the ore deposit. These are often temporary, so the support requirements are less substantial. Transport for personnel and materials can be by train, truck or conveyor belts. The largest share of the consumed fuels is diesel followed by electricity. Other major inputs include explosives and water. - Open Pit Mining: Hard-rock surface mining usually includes drilling, blasting, or a combination of both processes, and then lifting of the broken ore either into trucks or onto conveyors for transportation to the processing plant. This lifting is usually by excavator (electric or hydraulic; with shovel or backhoe configuration) or front-end loader. Benefication (Comminution and Flotation) Zinc ore is milled and mixed with water to recover a fine concentrate by gravity and elutriation techniques, creating a slurry. The separation process of the metal from the slurry is realized through the addition of various floatation chemicals.
Types:
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Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This is the market for 'zinc concentrate', in the Global geography. This dataset describes the transport of zinc concentrate from the location where it is mined to the location where it is smelted and refined. The data is based on a study undertaken by the International Zinc Association (IZA) in conjunction with thinkstep (the LCA practitioner) for reference year 2012. The data collected for this study is described in more detail in the dataset "primary zinc production from concentrate" (GLO). This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: bulk lead-zinc concentrate to generic markets for zinc concentrate and lead concentrate, GLO: 0.00076389625184257 zinc mine operation, GLO: 0.986357243800948 gold-silver mine operation and beneficiation, CA-QC: 0.00368047428550906 metalliferous hydroxide sludge to market for zinc concentrate, GLO: 6.62221772533597e-05 silver mine operation with extraction, PE: 0.00913216348444711 generalComment of bulk lead-zinc concentrate to generic markets for zinc concentrate and lead concentrate (GLO): This is a linking activity which links the product bulk lead-zinc concentrate to the generic markets for zinc concentrate and lead concentrate. The bulk lead-zinc concentrate provides a function that is equivalent to a mix of zinc concentrate and lead concentrate. generalComment of gold-silver mine operation and beneficiation (CA-QC): No comment present generalComment of metalliferous hydroxide sludge to market for zinc concentrate (GLO): This dataset is a proxy datasets which connects the "metaliferous hydroxide sludge to the market for zinc concentrate. This dataset should be replaced by the Waelz process which would be the appropriate method for zinc recovery from the metalliferous hydroxide sludge. The metalliferous hydroxide sludge is produced as a by-product of incineration of different types of waste in incinerators which include the FLUWA process - filter and fly ash washing (https://www.bsh.ch/en/waste-to-energy-plants/fluwa-process/) which removes this zinc rich metalliferous hydroxide sludge. This sludge with its high concentrations of zinc is then sent as a secondary feedstock to the zinc smelting industry. generalComment of silver mine operation with extraction (PE): This dataset describes the exploitation, concentration and smelting of silver. Specific data were used from one peruvian mining operation that has an 11% share of national silver production according to the Peruvian Ministry of energy and mines (2016). The modeled mining unit is a combined silver production with lead and zinc. The system includes the mining, beneficiation and smelting of the ore, obtaining as a final product silver dore (97% Ag) and concentrates of Pb-Ag and Ag-Zn. It is important to point out that the largest national production of silver is given by copper companies that have silver as a component in their concentrate. generalComment of zinc mine operation (GLO): The multi-output "zinc mine operation" process includes all steps required to produce zinc concentrate (59% Zn by mass), namely mining, comminution, and flotation. The dataset describes the production of zinc concentrate and additional co-products, primarily lead concentrate. Data is based on a study undertaken by the International Zinc Association (IZA) in conjunction with thinkstep (the LCA practitioner) for reference year 2012. Participating companies provided annual primary data on inputs and outputs for each process step, which was aggregated into a single production-weighted dataset. Zinc concentrate is most often used as an input to zinc smelting, either electrometallurgical smelting or the less common pyrometallurgical smelting. The below image presents the system boundary in relation to the primary product, zinc concentrate. imageUrlTagReplace2b83c8d3-c779-4e64-98f4-60d91c5dd741
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
Tags: Dieselkraftstoff ? Hydroxid ? Silber ? Zinkgehalt ? Kupfer ? Gold ? Elektrizität ? Raffination ? Zink ? Triebfahrzeug ? Bleierz ? Cyanid ? Erzbergbau ? Hydraulik ? Lastkraftfahrzeug ? Tagebau ? Verfahrenskombination ? Metall ? Untertagebau ? Mühle ? Pyrit ? Bergematerial ? Erz ? Erzverhüttung ? Explosivstoff ? Flotation ? Chemikalien ? Wasser ? Stahl ? Aufbereitungsanlage ? Lüftung ? REACH ? Ofen ? Verkehr ? Gestein ? Hang ? Mining of metal ores ? Mining of non-ferrous metal ores ? Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores ? Mining and quarrying ?
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Language: Deutsch
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