Description: technologyComment of modified Solvay process, Hou's process (GLO): The Modified Solvay process is one of the most important processes to produce ammonium chloride. In the Solvay process, ammonia and carbon dioxide are dissolved in aqueous sodium chloride to produce sparingly soluble sodium bicarbonate, which is calcined to sodium carbonate. The ammonia is recovered from the mother liquor by reaction with lime, this reaction also producing the calcium chloride. The source of the lime and the carbon dioxide is limestone. The net reaction is the conversion of the feedstocks rock salt and limestone into sodium carbonate and the byproduct calcium chloride. Water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia are added only to the extent necessary to compensate for plant losses. The feedstock and product dictate the location of a Solvay plant. For this reason, the plants normally function as largely independent units. The modified Solvay process (ammonium chloride – soda ash process) is one of the oldest examples of integrated industrial production of two substances. It differs from the Solvay process in that ammonium chloride is also precipitated from the mother liquor. The net reaction is imageUrlTagReplace8aea1edc-90ae-4740-b107-a422362d5e0d The amounts of ammonium chloride and soda ash produced are almost equal: two moles (107 g) of NH4Cl are produced for each mole (106 g) of Na2CO3. The modified process, requiring external NH3 and CO2 , must be incorporated into an integrated system of plants. Furthermore, the treatment of ammonia-containing waste gases is carried out for environmental reasons, rather than to reduce NH3 and CO2 losses. Finally, the energy balance in the modified process is entirely different from that in the traditional Solvay process because of the different feedstocks and products. Zapp, K., Wostbrock, K., Schäfer, M., Sato, K., Seiter, H., Zwick, W., Creutziger, R., Leiter, H.: Ammonium Compounds. Published online: 2000. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Seventh Edition, 2004 Electronic Release (ed. Fiedler E., Grossmann G., Kersebohm D., Weiss G. and Witte C.). 7 th Electronic Release Edition. Wiley InterScience, New York, Online-Version under: http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/emrw/9783527306732/home
Types:
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text_type: Report,
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Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This is the market for 'soda ash, dense', in the Global geography. Transport from producers to consumers of this product in the geography covered by the market is included. 'soda ash, dense' is an inorganic substance with a CAS no. : 000497-19-8. It is called 'disodium;carbonate' under IUPAC naming and its molecular formula is: CNa2O3. It is solid under normal conditions of temperature and pressure and appears as a grayish to white powder. It is modelled as a pure substance. On a consumer level, is used in the following products: inks and toners and laboratory chemicals. There is no publicly available information about the consumption of this substance on industrial sites. This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: modified Solvay process, Hou's process, GLO: 1.0 generalComment of modified Solvay process, Hou's process (GLO): This dataset represents the modified Solvay process. Within the ammonium chloride production, sodium carbonate is derived as co-product. The functional unit is 1 kg ammonium. The system includes the process with consumption of raw materials, energy, infrastructure, and land use, as well as the generation of emissions to air and water. It also includes transportation of the raw materials. Transient or unstable operations like starting-up or shutting-down, are not included, but the production during stable operation conditions. Storage and transportation of the final product are also not included. It is assumed that the manufacturing plants are located in an urban/industrial area and consequently the emissions are categorised as emanating in a high population density area. The emissions into water are assumed to be emitted into rivers. [This dataset was already contained in the ecoinvent database version 2. It was not individually updated during the transfer to ecoinvent version 3. Life Cycle Impact Assessment results may still have changed, as they are affected by changes in the supply chain, i.e. in other datasets. This dataset was generated following the ecoinvent quality guidelines for version 2. It may have been subject to central changes described in the ecoinvent version 3 change report (http://www.ecoinvent.org/database/ecoinvent-version-3/reports-of-changes/), and the results of the central updates were reviewed extensively. The changes added e.g. consistent water flows and other information throughout the database. The documentation of this dataset can be found in the ecoinvent reports of version 2, which are still available via the ecoinvent website. The change report linked above covers all central changes that were made during the conversion process.]
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
Tags: Maulwurf ? Natriumbicarbonat ? Natriumcarbonat ? Natriumchlorid ? Ammonium ? Ammoniumchlorid ? Calciumchlorid ? Ammoniak ? New York ? Abfallbehandlung ? Asche ? Steinsalz ? Kalkung ? Kohlendioxid ? Kalkstein ? Abgas ? Energiebilanz ? Industrieproduktion ? Nebenprodukt ? Rohstoff ? Wasser ? Stoff ? Manufacture of basic chemicals ? Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms ? Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products ? Manufacturing ?
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Language: Deutsch
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