Description: technologyComment of lubricating oil production (RER): A huge variety of different compositions are known under the name “lubricants” – actually, 5’000 to 10’000 different formulations are used to satisfy about 90% of the different lubricants applications. In terms of quantity, mineral oil components continue to be the most important ingredients. But more and more, derivatives of natural, harvestable raw materials from the oleo-chemical sector are finding their acceptance within the used substances. In 1999 around 37 Mt of lubricants have been consumed – thereof more than half in the automotive sector (56%), and another 29% as industrial lubricants. This amount is produced by around 1700 producers worldwide. Thereof, about 200 are vertically-integrated petroleum companies where lubricants are only a minor part of their profit. Nevertheless, less than 2% of all lubricant manufacturers are producing more than 60% of the total production volume. In case of the remaining 1500 companies, lubricants are their core business. In terms of the volume, base oils are the most important parts of lubricants. The rest is composed of additives. For this dataset, the additives are based on data published in Raimondi et al. (2012). imageUrlTagReplace8b52761e-ab96-49e0-a771-a229ae16ec10 The image above represents the typical yields of the different cuts from a conventional lubricating oil refining process To achieve base oils, a variety of different steps have to be done starting with the crude oil that is extracted until the right components are isolated. Different steps therefore are for example refining, distillation, de-asphalting, traditional refining process, solvent dewaxing or finishing. Additional steps that are often used are as well hydrogenation and hydrocracking operations. Based on the fact that a multitude of different processes are possible for the production of lubricants, the following choices are done for this dataset – with the aim to create a typical dataset for petrochemical lubricants – called “lubricants”: - Hydrocracking as basic technology for the extraction of the lubricant oils due to the fact that according to Bartels et al. (2003) more than 50% of the new manufacturing plants work with this principle. - Distillation and dewaxing as subsequent process steps to achieve high-quality base lubricant oils - Diesel as input due to the fact that these hydrocracker need low-sulphur oils. References: Bartels T., Bock W., Braun J., Busch C., Dresel W., Freiler C., Harperscheid M., Heckler R.-P., Hörner D., Kubicki F., Lingg G., Losch A., Luther R., Mang T., Noll S. and Omeis J. (2003) Lubricants and Lubrication. In: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Sixth Edition, 2003 Electronic Release (ed. Häussinger P., Leitgeb P. and Schmücker B.), 6 th Electronic Release Edition. Wiley InterScience, New York, Online-Version under: http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/ueic/ull_search_fs.html. Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996.
Types:
Text {
text_type: Report,
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Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This dataset represents the supply of 1 kg of lubricating oil from activities that produce it within the geography RER. A regional market for Europe [RER] is motivated by the low share (in the range of 2.1%-3.5% of total trade quantities between 2010-2016) of import quantities to EU28 from outside (excluding Norway and Switzerland) the Union. In addition, the export quantities exceeded the import quantities (the ratio export/import was in the range of 12-25 in the same period). Source: Eurostat database, EU trade since 1988 by HS6 (DS-016893), HS6-code: 340319 - LUBRICANT PREPARATIONS, INCL. CUTTING-OIL PREPAR…, Assessed on: 2018-03-14. The transport amounts are based on eurostat transport statistics for 2016 (http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database, extracted on the 2018-06-01). See exchange comments for additional details. This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: lubricating oil production, RER: 1.0 generalComment of lubricating oil production (RER): This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of liquid lubricating oil, including additives. The most important function of lubricants is the reduction of friction and wear. Apart from important applications in internal combustion engines, vehicle and industrial gearboxes, compressors, turbines, or hydraulic systems, there are a vast number of other applications which mostly require specifically tailored lubricants. In terms of quantity, mineral oil components continue to be the most important ingredients of lubricants. Petrochemical components and, increasingly, derivatives of natural, harvestable raw materials from the oleo-chemical industry are finding increasing acceptance because of their environmental compatibility and some technical advantages. This dataset is based on literature and industrial data. The additives included in the lubricating oil are based on Raimondi et al. (2012). The energy consumption is approximated based on data from a large chemical factory (Gendorf 2016). References: Mang, T., Noll, S. and Bartels, T. 2011. Lubricants, 1. Fundamentals of Lubricants and Lubrication. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Andrea Raimondi, Giorgia Girotti, Gian Andrea Blengini and Debora Fino (2012) LCA of petroleum-based lubricants: state of art and inclusion of additives. Int J Life Cycle Assess (2012) 17:987–996. Gendorf (2016) Umwelterklärung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de.
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
Tags: Dieselkraftstoff ? Basisöl ? Erdöl ? Erdölraffination ? New York ? Erdölförderung ? Lösungsmittel ? Schmierstoff ? Strauch ? Zusatzstoff ? Kind ? Ökobilanz ? Petrochemikalien ? Petroleum ? Bohrkern ? Daten ? Destillation ? Neuanlage ? Rohstoff ? Reinigungsverfahren ? Stoff ? Ökonomischer Gewinn ? Ölgewinnung ? Rechte ? Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products ? Manufacture of refined petroleum products ? Manufacturing ?
License: unbekannt
Language: Deutsch
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