Description: technologyComment of magnesium production, electrolysis (RoW, IL): Electrochemical processes to make magnesium are based on salts containing chloride which can be found naturally or are transformed from other raw materials like serpentine, magnesite, bischofite or carnallite. The magnesium chloride salts are dried with various processes in order to receive anhydrous MgCl2. The raw material for magnesium production in this activity is an anhydrous carnallite (MgCl2-KCl). In the process, KCl represents the electrolyte. In the course of the MgCl2 decomposition, the KCl content increases until the (spent) electrolyte is partly pumped out and replaced with new carnallite. Finally, two by-products are produced: liquefied chlorine (Cl2) and KCl-rich salt (70% KCl). Magnesium oxide (MgO) is formed as an impurity during dehydration. Concerning the CO2/CO equilibrium in the calcination process, there are numerous reactions that take place in the chlorination chambers and the carbon can be consumed by reaction with MgO, air, water, sulfates and other impurities. Theoretically, the predominant reactions are those in which carbon dioxide is formed. Thus, it is assumed that the carbon is entirely converted to CO2. The CO2 emissions from graphite anode consumption are expected to contribute less than 1 % of the overall emissions and are neglected in the module. In practice, the off gases are not released to the atmosphere as is, as they are treated in wet alkali scrubbers. That is that some of the CO2 (be it from the reaction or from the ambient dilution air) is converted to calcium carbonate. The input of petroleum coke contributes less than 1 % to the overall GWP results and is excluded from this datasets for reasons of confidentiality. technologyComment of magnesium production, pidgeon process (CN): The Pidgeon process includes the following process steps: calcination, grinding & mixing, briquetting, reducion and refining. Coal as energy source is only used in for the calcination process. For other process steps, coke oven, semi coke oven, producer or natural gas are used. The use of these fuels is calculated according to the weighted average in terms of annual magnesium output per fuel. The production of producer (coal) gas is included in this module. A main influencing factor for the emissions from fuel combustion is the composition of the fuel itself. Due to the different origins of the fuel gases used in the Pidgeon process, the composition of the gases varies considerably. For semi coke and coke oven gas, a large variation in gas composition can be observed. As the data base for these compositions is restricted to few measurements, no statistical average can be determined.
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Comment: This is a market activity. Each market represents the consumption mix of a product in a given geography, connecting suppliers with consumers of the same product in the same geographical area. Markets group the producers and also the imports of the product (if relevant) within the same geographical area. They also account for transport to the consumer and for the losses during that process, when relevant. This is the market for 'magnesium', in the Global geography. In this market, expert judgement was used to develop product specific transport distance estimations. This market is supplied by the following activities with the given share: magnesium production, electrolysis, RoW: 0.134085213032581 magnesium production, electrolysis, IL: 0.037593984962406 magnesium production, pidgeon process, CN: 0.828320802005013 generalComment of magnesium production, electrolysis (RoW, IL): In this process, magnesium is produced via electrolysis. The data represent the state of a specific plant located in Israel. generalComment of magnesium production, pidgeon process (CN): In the Pidgeon process, magnesium is produced via thermal reduction. The data on energy consumption represent the state of Pidgeon process in 2011. The Pidgeon process in China represents about 85 % of the global magnesium production.
Origin: /Bund/UBA/ProBas
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Language: Deutsch
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