Description: Das Projekt "Pheromone der Kieferblattwespen zur nachhaltigen Bewirtschaftung europaeischer Waelder" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, Forstwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Zoologie durchgeführt. Every year large areas of forest are defoliated by the larvae of various i;sects. One of the most important insect groups causing damage on pines (Pinus spp.) is the members of the family Diprionidae (conifer or pine sawflies). Many years, several hundred thousand hectares are damaged by pine sawflies in Europe. If other regions with extensive areas of pine forests are considered, i.e. Asia and North America, the area of damage increases several times. The most important effect of pine sawfly defoliation is reduced growth of the trees. A normal pine sawfly outbreak (period with harmful population densities) lasts 3 - 4 years and causes a 33 percent reduction in growth over a ten-year period. This is equal to three normal annual increments and corresponds, on reasonable good sites, to an economical loss of about 500 ECU per hectare. For monitoring sawfly densities, egg or cocoon sampling is done, which is time and labour consuming and not always reliable. To control outbreaks, various insecticides are used, with well known drawbacks, such as killing beneficial insects (e.g. natural enemies of pine sawflies), contaminating the natural environment and challenging human health. PHERODIP aims at improving the monitoring and control methods of pine sawfly populations in order to decrease economi.cal losses and usage of insecticides. This will be accomplished by exploiting the chemical communication system of the insects, i.e. by using species specific pheromones (odorous signal substances). For many other pest insects pheromones are used for population monitoring or for management of outbreak populations. For pine sawflies, development of such methods was delayed mainly due to chemical problems connected with the identification and synthesis of the pheromone components. These problems have recently been solved by some of the participants of this proposal, and the first studies aimed at practical applications of pine sawfly pheromones have been undertaken with one of the species. Three objectives can be distinguished: 1. To identify the sex pheromones of the species not yet studied from this perspective. This involves e.g. insect rearing, chemical analysis, chemical synthesis and physiological and behavioural studies. 2. To develop methods for early detection of sawfly presence, for monitoring population densities and for assessing the risk of outbreaks. This involves e.g. forest site documentation, insect trapping and statistical analysis. 3. To develop effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for managing outbreak population levels. This involves e.g. dispenser technology and site documentation. PHERODIP is an international and interdisciplinary proposal involving chemists, biologists and forest management researchers, and thus confirms with the recent request for more cooperation between basic pheromone research and applied plant protection.
Types:
SupportProgram
Origin: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT
Tags: München ? Entlaubung ? Kiefer ? Insektizid ? Insekt ? Nadelgehölz ? Larve ? Populationsökologie ? Baum ? Bevölkerungsrückgang ? Kronenverlichtung ? Zoologie ? Chemische Analyse ? Forstschädling ? Tierischer Schädling ? Kiefernwald ? Menschliche Gesundheit ? Ei ? Biotechnische Schädlingsbekämpfung ? Standortwahl ? Studie ? Chemikalien ? Bevölkerungsdichte ? Management ? Insektenbekämpfung ? Monitoring ? Nadelwald ? Stoff ? Pheromon ? Amerika ? Asien ? Europa ? Populationsdichte ? Pflanzenschutz ? Arbeit ? Nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung ? Forstwirtschaft ? Züchtung ? Wald ? Risiko ? Forschungskooperation ? PHERODIP ? Wespe ? Diprionidae ?
Region: Bayern
Bounding box: 12.53381° .. 12.53381° x 47.795° .. 47.795°
License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0
Language: Deutsch
Time ranges: 1996-02-01 - 1999-01-31
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