Description: Das Projekt "Metrology for Biofuels - Call 2009 Energy I: Providing a reference for physical parameters in biofuels" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt durchgeführt. The European directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources endorsed in Article 3 a mandatory target of a 20Prozent share of energy from renewable sources in overall Community energy consumption by 2020 and a target of at least 10 percent of the final consumption of energy in transport. Fuels from renewable sources (biofuels) show differences to fossil fuels when looking to their physical parameters. Thus, the parameters known for fossil fuels and used for volume measurement (legal purpose)and for process control in the engines (industrial purpose) cannot be transferred to biofuels. The parameters density, viscosity, and calorific value are important for legal purposes (measurement of volume, conversion into a standard volume at defined temperature, measurement of energy content). The ANNEX III Energy content of transport fuels of the European directive 2009/28/EC is not supported by traceable measurements. The density and thermal expansion coefficients of biofuels differ from those of fossil fuels. The density of blends does not follow a simple linear mixing rule. In order to be able to take into account these differences, accurate measurements of density at various temperatures are required. The viscosity is a quantity used as a correction factor for some flow meters. Thus, accurate measurements of viscosity at various temperatures are required, too. The calorific value as a measure for the energy content is the most important quantity describing the amount of substance needed for energy generation and, by this, is of large importance for the economical benefit and influences the impact on environment, especially the carbon dioxide balance. The parameters density, viscosity and calorific value input to the process control during injection, atomisation, ignition, and combustion of fuel in the engine. A precise knowledge of these parameters is necessary for the optimisation of the combustion process to reach a reduction in consumption, pollutant emission, and noise. Thus the physical parameters of biofuels need to be determined by measurements traceable to the SI. At moment, singular measurements of different parameters already exist. But many of them are not traceable to SI and are not supported by a chemical analysis of the material. This prohibits a comparison of results. There are no area-wide investigations about the spread of parameters within one sort of biofuel produced at different regions of Europe and investigations about the spread of parameters between different sorts of biofuel. The measurement methods are not optimised for biofuels so far. Reference materials are available for some parameters at standard temperatures and pressures, but not for the large range of temperatures which is relevant. The large variety of biofuels and their blends with fossil fuels require rules to determine the physical parameters from the knowledge of their constituents. usw.
Types:
SupportProgram
Origin: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT
Tags: Biokraftstoff ? Fossiler Brennstoff ? Brennstoff ? Lärmminderung ? Messgerät ? Umweltauswirkung ? Chemische Analyse ? Erneuerbare Energie ? Heizöl ? Messtechnik ? Schadstoffemission ? Temperatur ? Temperaturmessung ? Verbrennung ? Verfahrensparameter ? Verfahrensoptimierung ? Mischkunststoff ? Volumenmessung ? Endenergieverbrauch ? Konsum ? Messverfahren ? Energiegewinnung ? Energienutzung ? Energieumwandlung ? Energieverbrauch ? Brennwert ? EU-Richtlinie ? Heizwert ? Viskosität ? Stoff ? Emissionsminderung ? Europa ? Messung ? REACH ? Energie ? Energieeinsparung ? Anteil erneuerbarer Energien ? Wirtschaftliche Aspekte ? Zündung ?
Region: Lower Saxony
Bounding box: 9.16667° .. 9.16667° x 52.83333° .. 52.83333°
License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0
Language: Deutsch
Time ranges: 2010-06-01 - 2013-05-31
Accessed 1 times.