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Multiphase chemistry of Oxygenated Species in the Troposphere

Description: Das Projekt "Multiphase chemistry of Oxygenated Species in the Troposphere" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V. durchgeführt. Understanding atmospheric composition changes and trying to improve ambient air quality is a complex task, which is at the frontier between fundamental science and political decisions. Air pollution is strongly linked to visibility reduction due to particle formation, to climatic influences and to health problems and is now considered to be an important mortality vector. Increasing ozone levels in industrialised regions, e.g. Europe where O3 levels have doubled over the last century, is now of major concern since O3 is a harmful secondary pollutant directly having adverse effect on human health, vegetation and building materials in addition to possessing very strong greenhouse gas properties. 'The summer smog' episodes, during which high levels of ozone are observed, are the result of the atmospheric degradation of complex mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Summer smog is a widespread and chronic problem within the community in order to reduce the levels of oxidants, several EU-directives have been adopted which are intended to regulate emissions (of VOC and nitrogen oxides) and initiate public warnings when threshold values are are reached. Ozone formation in much of Northen Europe is generally limited by VOC emissions and not by nitrogen oxides. In order to accelerate the control on VOC emisions, the EU's Environnement Ministers adopted on 11 March 1999, the VOCs Solvent Emissions Directive. This directives seeks to reduce annual VOC emissions by about 1.5 million tons by the year 2007, which amounts to an almost 60Prozent reduction compared to 1990 levels. The impact scenarios developped for changes in oxidant levels following reduction in emissions of currently employed solvents, such as aromatic, hydrocarbon and chlorocarbon compounds, are based on limited scientific evidence on the atmospheric degradation patterns of these solvents. Hence, the precise relationship between the reduction in emission levels and the corresponding decrease in oxidant concentrations in the air is largely unproved. Organic solvents are used in a large number of industrial processes including cleaning and degreasing applications, paints, pharmaceutical process synthesis, polymer disposal agents and adhesives. Due to their volatility, in many of these processes they are emitted either directly or indirectly into the atmosphere. A number of organic compounds employed as solvents at the present time have been shown to have adverse health effects, carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic properties. Moreover, many solvents undergo complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere, which lead to the formation of compounds which are environnementally damaging, in particular the formation of photochemical oxidants. ... Prime Contractor: Laboratoire d'Application de la Chimie a l'Environnement (LACE), Villeurbanne Cedex, France.

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SupportProgram

Origin: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT

Tags: Ozon ? Ozonwert ? Baustoff ? Organisches Lösungsmittel ? Gesundheitsgefährdung ? Kanzerogenität ? Aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoff ? Photooxidantien ? Vegetation ? Lack ? Alicyclischer Kohlenwasserstoff ? Polymer ? VOC ? VOC-Emission ? Stickstoff ? Lösungsmittel ? Mutagenität ? Blei ? Ordnungsrecht ? Anstrichmittel ? Smog ? Klebstoff ? Oxid ? Oxidationsmittel ? Frankreich ? Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe ? Gebäude ? Komplexverbindung ? Schadstoffemission ? Stickoxide ? Szenario ? Industrie ? Luftverschmutzung ? Organische Verbindung ? EU-Lösemittelrichtlinie ? Partikelminderung ? Troposphäre ? Mortalität ? Luftqualität ? Mensch ? EU-Richtlinie ? Umweltverschmutzung ? Volatilität ? Grundlagenforschung ? Industrieanlage ? Emissionsminderung ? Entfettung ? Komplexbildung ? Klimaschutz ? Photochemische Reaktion ? Treibhauspotenzial ? Ozonbildung ? Menschliche Gesundheit ? Produktionstechnik ? Europa ? Organischer Schadstoff ? Industrielles Verfahren ? Treibhauseffekt ? Grenzwert ? Klima ? Atmosphärenchemie ? Chemische Reaktion ? Treibhausgas ? Ozonabbau ? Anthropogener Einfluss ? Atmosphäre ? Umweltpolitik ? Partikel ? Persistenz ? Gesundheit ? Schadstoffminderung ? Schwellenwert ?

Region: Sachsen

Bounding box: 10.40664° .. 10.40664° x 49.29433° .. 49.29433°

License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0

Language: Deutsch

Organisations

Time ranges: 2001-12-01 - 2004-11-30

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