Description: Das Projekt "Identification. cloning and functional characterization of genes related to fire blight resistance in Malus x robusta (D-A-CH/LAV)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Bereich Phytomedizin,Pathologie durchgeführt. The fire blight disease caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is currently the major constraint for apple production in several European countries including Germany and Switzerland. In recent years several infections occurred which have led to costs in the tens of millions Euros. The antibiotic Streptomycin (Plantomycin®), which is the only effective plant protective agent, can only be applied under particular restrictions. Planting of fire blight resistant cultivars seems to be the most promising solution, which is environmental and producer friendly. Unfortunately, the available fire blight resistant apple cultivars are non-competitive on the market, because of their inferior fruit quality. The improvement of established cultivars like 'Golden Delicious' or 'Gala' using classical breeding strategies is impossible because apple is self-incompatible and heterozygous. Each offspring of a sexual cross between such a cultivar and a resistant genotype will be genetically different to each of the parents. Linkage drag coming from the resistant led often to a decrease in fruit quality. Several crosses with cultivars of good quality are necessary to remove most of the unwanted traits and the result will be a completely new cultivar. Breeding of such a new apple cultivar is time consuming and in the end it is not clear, whether the new cultivar will be accepted by consumers and growers or not. Under these premises, the introduction of a specific gene into a particular cultivar which already has all qualities necessary, except the trait in question, is attractive. The recombinant DNA-technology offers the most promising strategy to solve the problem of fire blight by using Malus own genes without the need to change the popular cultivars. The development of cisgenic plants seems to be a realistic and successful strategy. Cisgenic plants contain only genes, which originates from crossable species and not from outside of the primary genepool. They are therefore comparable to classical bred plants and expected to be acceptable by consumers and growers. The methodology to produce such a durable resistant cisgenic apple cultivar has already been established, but an apple fire blight resistance gene (or linked gene set) is still needed. Recently a strong Fieblight resistance has been identified on chromosome 3 of the apple hybrid Malus x robusta 5. This project focuses on the isolation of the gene(s) inducing the resistance of M. x robusta 5 and its cloning into the susceptible cultivar Gala. Furthermore the interaction of this (or these) genes products with gene products of the pathogen will be studied so to understand the interaction mechanisms and therefore evaluate the durability of the resistance.
SupportProgram
Origin: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT
Tags: Antibiotikum ? Gen ? Pflanzenschutzmittel ? Genetik ? Resistenz ? Klonen ? Bundesrepublik Deutschland ? Schweiz ? Brand ? Fruchtqualität ? Gentechnik ? Mehltau ? Bakterien ? Produktion ? Bedarf ? Feuerung ? Infektion ? Krankheit ? Krankheitserreger ? Produkt ? Umwelt ? Züchtung ? Kosten ? Markt ? Strategische Aspekte ? SORTE ? Rekombinante DNA ? ABNAHME ? SPEZIFISCH ? STARK ? UNTER ? VERBRAUCHER ? VERFUEGBAR ? VERGLEICHBARKEIT ? VORGABE ? Wechselwirkung ? Apfel ? Art [Spezies] ? BRUETEN ? Bepflanzung ? Chromosomen ? ANGEWANDT ? EINFUEHRUNG ? ENTWICKLUNG ? ERGEBNIS ? Eltern ? FRAGE ? GELOEST ? GUETER ? Haltbarkeit ? Isolierung ? KLASSISCH ? Kreuzung [biologisch] ? LAENDER ? LAND ? LOESUNG ? MECHANISMEN ? METHODIK ? NEU ? PRODUZENT ? PROJEKT ? DAUERHAFT ?
License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0
Language: Englisch/English
Time ranges: 2010-05-01 - 2013-04-30
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