Description: Das Projekt "Laboruebergreifende Untersuchung organischer Schadstoffe im Grundwasser" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung durchgeführt. Objective: - To develop new methods for the determination of pesticides in aqueous samples, in particular in groundwater. These methods should be applied to determine pesticides in water samples in Germany, Cyprus and Israel; - To develop a new method for sampling of groundwater that allows the determination of vertical concentration profiles and in several cases also the migration of pollutants in groundwater. General Information: - Work was concentrated on two compound classes, i.e. pesticides and explosives, which are important classes of pollutants found in groundwater. The determination of pollutants in aqueous samples comprises the extraction of the analyte and its instrumental determination. Within the project the classical liquid/liquid extraction was compared with solid phase extraction. Moreover, the new method of solid phase microextraction (SPME) was applied for the first time to the determination of pesticides in aqueous samples. It was demonstrated that this method is simple and sensitive and has a good reproducibility. Moreover, only small water samples are necessary. A further new approach for sample extraction was the 'on-line' coupling of the extraction with its instrumental determination (vide infra); - For the instrumental determination of both pesticides and explosives, a large variety of powerful techniques was explored and validated. Basic work was done by gas chromatography, also coupled to mass spectrometry. However, this method is only amenable to thermally stable compounds, where many pesticides but also explosives are thermally labile and cannot be determined with this method. Thus, HPLC methods were developed both for the determination of pesticides and explosives. For the determination of carbamates HPLC with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection was used, while other pesticides (in particular phenylurea herbicides) but also explosives (in particular nitramines) were determined by HPLC with UV detection. This HPLC analysis was coupled on-line to the solid phase extraction leading to a very effective and fast instrumental method for the analysis of pesticides, which requires only small water samples and which can be automized readily; - The HPLC method alone is not sufficiently selective to detect pesticides or explosives in aqueous samples, if they are present as very complex mixture. Thus, coupling of HPLC with mass spectrometry using the thermospray ionisation was employed for their analysis. This method has a sufficient sensitivity, a very good specificity and has proven to be rugged. This sophisticated method has subsequently coupled also on-line to solid phase extraction. Achievements: - Within the project, a large variety of different analytical methods for the analysis of pollutants in groundwater (here pesticides and explosives) were developed and validated.
Types:
SupportProgram
Origin: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT
Tags: Phenylharnstoff ? Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel ? Herbizid ? Fluoreszenz ? Pestizidgehalt ? Tierhaltungsanlage ? Pestizid ? Carbamat ? Schadstoffgehalt ? Arzneimittel ? Bundesrepublik Deutschland ? Israel ? Zypern ? Chemische Analyse ? Extraktion ? Flüssigkeitschromatografie ? Gaschromatografie ? Grundwasserverunreinigung ? Massenspektrometrie ? Pestizidbestimmung ? Verfahrensoptimierung ? Grundwasserprobe ? Analyseverfahren ? Explosivstoff ? Organischer Schadstoff ? Schadstoffanalyse ? Toxikologie ? Vertikalprofil ? Wasserprobe ? Wasseranalyse ? Grundwasser ? Umweltschutz ? Wassergewinnung ? Gesundheit ? Zusammenarbeit ? Probenahme ? Cypern ? Analytik ? Ionisation ? On-Line-Betrieb ? coordination ?
Region: Lower Saxony
Bounding box: 9.16667° .. 9.16667° x 52.83333° .. 52.83333°
License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0
Language: Deutsch
Time ranges: 1993-02-01 - 1996-12-31
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