Description: Das Projekt "Development of novel, synthetic, calcium-based sorbents for CO2 capture and hydrogen production aided by advanced tomographic techniques on the nano-metre scale" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Institut für Energietechnik durchgeführt. The emission of anthropogenic CO2 from the combustion of fossil fuels has led to an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere from a pre-industrial level of ca. 280 ppm to its current level of ca. 380 ppm. This significant increase in CO2 concentration is almost certainly linked to long-term climate change. Considering that the use of coal is projected to increase by ca. 80 Prozent over the next 20 years, it is imperative to find ways of using coal which limit the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. However, the currently available CO2 capture technology, i.e. amine scrubbing, comes with a large penalty on plant efficiency. Therefore, advanced CO2 capture techniques that utilise calcium-based solid sorbents have been proposed. Calcium-based sorbents possess a high theoretical up-take of CO2, however, the capacity of natural calcium-based sorbents to capture CO2 decreases markedly with the number of cycles of carbonation and calcination. Thus, the development of synthetic CO2 sorbents with high cyclic stability and reactivity is an important research objective in the development of efficient and sustainable energy cycles. The overall objective of this proposal is the development of novel, synthetic, calcium-based sorbents for CO2 capture. These sorbents shall possess high cyclic reactivity and capacity, tolerance towards sulphur and a low tendency for attrition. Two advanced particle preparation techniques, i.e. co-precipitation and sol-gel, which offer the possibility to tailor key structural parameters of the sorbent, such as pore size distribution, which in turn influence the overall CO2 uptake strongly, will be applied. To improve the understanding of the underlying structure mechanisms during carbonation and calcination such as sintering, pore blockage and product layer formation nanometre-scale, advanced 3D tomographic measurements of the structure of the sorbents and changes thereof during repeated cycles of calcination and carbonation shall be developed. We propose the novel application of: (i) advanced electron microscopy techniques, i.e. High Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and (ii) Laser Local Electrode Atom Probe (LEAP), to provide such detailed measurements on a nanometre-scale. It is hoped that, based on a detailed, fundamental understanding of the preparation method and the underlying structural changes occurring during reaction, this research will enable the rational design of highly efficient CO2 sorbents. The successful completion of this project would be an important step towards the design of highly efficient particles that would pave the way for a process for capturing CO2 with a small energy penalty. The detailed 3D tomographic measurements of chemical and structural changes in the nano- and micrometre scale are not only important in the field of CO2 sorbents, but will aid a better understanding of gas-solid reactions in general.
Types:
SupportProgram
Origin: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT
Tags: Aliphatisches Amin ? Fossiler Brennstoff ? Sinterung ? Kohlendioxidkonzentration ? Amin ? Baumstamm ? Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie ? Calcium ? Zürich ? Laser ? Resistenz ? Skigebiet ? Wasserstoff ? Schwefel ? Abrieb ? Aufbereitungstechnik ? Feststoff ? Gebäude ? Kalzinierung ? Kohle ? Kohlendioxid ? Mikroskopie ? Regenwasser ? Schadstoffemission ? Verbrennung ? Wirbelschicht ? Gasförmiger Stoff ? Wasserstoffherstellung ? Chemikalien ? Bildung ? Ackerland ? Energie ? Energietechnik ? Größenverteilung ? Stoffgemisch ? Technik ? Wirkungsgrad ? Angelfischerei ? Messung ? Anthropogener Einfluss ? Atmosphäre ? Forschung ? Kenngröße ? Klimawandel ? Partikel ? Produkt ? Fahrradfahren ? Planung ? Transmission ? MECHANISMEN ? WICHTIG ? INDUSTRIELL ? LEISTUNGSFAEHIGKEIT ? ANGEWANDT ? MOEGLICHKEIT ? ABNAHME ? EINGESCHRAENKT ? CO2-Abscheidung ? NACHHALTIG ? NEU ? PRAEZIPITATION ? PROJEKT ? Elektronen ? DAUER ? SCHICHT ? STARK ? Strafmaß ? TOLERANZ ? FORTSCHRITTLICH ? EINSATZ ? VERFUEGBAR ? VORSCHLAEGE ? GRUNDLAGE ? VORSCHLAG ? VORSCHLAGEN ? ENTWICKLUNG ? Elektrode ? Vermehrung ? Verwertung ? Gel ?
License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0
Language: Deutsch
Time ranges: 2011-05-01 - 2014-04-30
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