Description: Das Projekt "Critical Limits and Effect Based Approaches for Heavy Metals" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft durchgeführt. Heavy metals are emitted in the atmosphere by industrial activities, transported through long distances, they deposit and accumulate in terrestrial ecosystems. The problem of Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution of Terrestrial Ecosystems (LRTAP) includes cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) and are priority metals in the United Nations / Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) Convention from 1998. Increased accumulation of Cd, Hg and Pb from anthropogenic and geogenic sources in soils especially of forest soils has led to exceedances of the current guide values defined by the environmental legislation. Especially, Hg as a global pollutant is of high ecotoxicological concern. However, little information is available on rates of atmospheric deposition, distribution, mobility of Hg compounds (methylmercury) in soils and their transfer functions in the biosphere (bioaccumulation). An impact of current Hg (Cd and Pb) concentrations on the soil ecosystem is possible but still unknown. Aims: This study is part of a comprehensive investigation to determine Hg (Cd and Pb) levels in the soil matrix, soil solution, fungi, earthworms and their food sources (soil, leaf and root litter) and to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of Hg on the soil microbial communities. What is the current situation of Cd, Hg and Pb in Swiss forest soils? What are the transfer functions of Cd, Hg and Pb from soil to earthworms and mushrooms? Which microbial parameters (microbial activities and/or bacterial community structures) are most suitable to reveal effects of Cd, Hg and Pb on forest soils? Which heavy metal species in soil can be considered as appropriate predictors of Cd, Hg and Pb bioavailability to microbial communities in soils? Which soil bacterial groups are affected by Cd, Hg and Pb? Are the current critical limits for the total dissolved Cd, Hg and Pb, suggested by the UN/ECE, in accordance with the values estimated for Swiss forest soils? Methods: - Determination of reactive heavy metal pool in soil: Water-extractable HM; Heavy metal specific bacterial biosensors (quantification of lux-gene); Modeling of free ions (WHAM 6). - Determination of microbial activity: - Soil respiration; Nitrification; Phosphatase, beta-Glycosidase. - Changes of total bacterial communities: T-RFLP and DGGE fingerprinting of 16S rRNA gene; Cloning and sequencing; Design of specific primers for detecting HM tolerant bacterial groups.
Types:
SupportProgram
Origin: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT
Tags: Methylquecksilber ? Regenwurm ? Biosensor ? Cadmium ? Nitrifikation ? Quecksilber ? Blei ? Schwermetall ? Klonen ? Schweiz ? Laubblatt ? Waldfläche ? Bodenatmung ? Bodenwasser ? Gebäude ? Gentechnik ? Ökotoxizität ? Schadstoffdeposition ? Teich ? Waldboden ? Wirkung ? Pflanzenwurzel ? Metall ? Luftverschmutzung ? Vereinte Nationen ? Großpilz ? Genfer Luftreinhaltekonvention ? Bodeninformation ? Bodenlösung ? Bodenökosystem ? Schnee ? Studie ? Bioakkumulation ? Bioverfügbarkeit ? Sediment ? Ionen ? Pilz ? Boden ? Biologische Aktivität ? Modellierung ? Wirkung ? Europa ? Terrestrisches Ökosystem ? Atmosphäre ? Richtwert ? Schwellenwert ? Umweltrecht ? Forschungseinrichtung ? Biosphäre ? Wald ? Kenngröße ? Schadstoff ? Verkehr ? Globale Aspekte ? Übereinkommen ? Lebensmittel ? Ökosystem ? Erfassung ? Luftschadstoff, Transnationale Schadstoffausbreitung ? Art [Spezies] ? Wert ? bewerten ? eingeschränkt ? frei ? gelöst ? spezifisch ? Ablagerung ? verfügbar ? Gemeinschaft ? Genetischer Fingerabdruck ? Atmungsaktivität, Bodenprozess ? Biologische Aktivität, Mikroorganismen ? ökonomisch ? Methode ? Gruppe ? Sequenzierung ? Annäherung ? Funktion ? Teil ? Untersuchung ? Verbindung ? Industrietätigkeit ? Konzentrat ? Verfrachtung ? Vermehrung ? Verschiebung ?
License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0
Language: Deutsch
Time ranges: 2003-01-01 - 2009-12-31
Accessed 1 times.