Description: Das Projekt "Phylogeography of Tomicus piniperda and T. destruens in Europe" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Institut für Forstentomologie, Forstpathologie und Forstschutz durchgeführt. The bark beetles species of the genus Tomicus constitute one of the main pests of European and Asian forests (Schroeder, 1987; Bouhot et al., 1988; Ye, 1991). The genus includes six species (Wood AND Bright, 1992) of which Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus, 1758) has a Eurasian distribution whereas Tomicus destruens (Wollaston, 1856) is circummediterranean. Three species, T. destruens, T. minor (Harting, 1839) and T. piniperda, occurs in Europe, whereas T. brevipilosus (Eggers, 1929) and T. pilifer (Spessivtsev,1919) are distributed in Central and East Asia (Wood AND Bright, 1992). The most important species of the genus in terms of forest damage are T. destruens and T. piniperda (Gil AND Pajares, 1986). Tomicus destruens has been considered in synonymy with Tomicus piniperda (Carle, 1973), as they are morphologically similar. However, the case for species status (Lekander, 1971; Wood AND Bright, 1992; Pfeffer, 1995) was supported by molecular studies (Gallego AND Galian, 2001; Kerdelhue et al., 2002; Kohlmayer et al., 2002). In addition, T. piniperda flies in early spring while T. destruens flies in autumn-early winter (Långström, 1983; Trigilani AND Santini, 1987). Furthermore, the flight of T. piniperda in spring occurs at a threshold maximum daily temperatures of 12-13 C degree in Europe, the northeastern USA and Kunming, China. In contrast, T. destruens flies at a maximum temperature of around 24 C degree in pine forests near Barcelona (Spain) (Monleon, 1995). Most of the information available on the distribution of Tomicus piniperda in Europe refers to both species T. piniperda and T. destruens, as they both had been considered as synonyms for long time. There is evidence that there is not a clear spatial separation of both species. In particular populations of T. destruens and T. piniperda were detected in sympatry e.g. Northern Spain (Gallego et al., 2001) or in France (Kerdelhué et al., 2002). This situation may also be present in other Mediterranean countries. Thus it will be important to improve our knowledge where the three species live in sympatry and where they occur solely. This will be an important information to apply pest management programmes in those regions.
Types:
SupportProgram
Origin: /Bund/UBA/UFORDAT
Tags: Waldschaden ? Barcelona ? Wien ? Borkenkäfer ? China ? Frankreich ? Main ? Kiefernwald ? Kind ? Temperatur ? Waldboden ? Winter ? Ostasien ? Abscheidung ? Management ? Studie ? Waldschutz ? Schadorganismus ? Schaden ? Europa ? Bevölkerung ? Schwellenwert ? Überwinterung ? Wald ? Gebiet ? Dauer ? Herbst ? Hund, Tierlärm ? Kulturtechnik ? Land ? Länder ? Schädigung ? Stand ? Verteilung ? ein- ? fördern ? größt ? nördlich ? sonstig ? verfügbar ? wichtig ? Forstentomologie ? Art [Spezies] ? Gegenwart ?
License: cc-by-nc-nd/4.0
Language: Deutsch
Time ranges: 2003-01-01 - 2005-05-31
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