Das Projekt "Umruestung eines oelbeheizten Kessels auf Kohlestaub" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Pfleiderer Teisnach GmbH & Co. KG durchgeführt. Objective: To demonstrate the technical feasibility of converting small industrial water tube steam boilers, ranging in steam production from + 10 T/h to 100-150 T/h (that is from the upper limit of shell boilers to the lower limit of power plant boilers) from oil or gas to pulverized coal firing. This is to be achieved by use of a new type of pulverized coal combustor generating a burning flame jet of 100 to 150 M/s flame velocity. General Information: Pulverized coal firing of power plant boilers is a proven technology but no such technology exists for conversion of smaller boilers, since pulverized coal requires two/three times more combustion space than oil or gas. In oil or gas fired boilers combustion space is too small for total pulverized coal combustion. The new technology is intented to solve the problem in a general way, enabling almost any industrial water tube boiler to be converted to pulverized coal. The technology is a new type of pulverized coal combustor generating a jet of 100 to 150 M/s flame velocity and burning 6 to 8 times more pulverized coal than any other design, achieved by increasing turbulant frequency range, which in turn increases mixing efficiency and combustion rate. The result is that + 60 per cent of fuel is burned in the combustors which represent, in volume 5-8 per cent of combustion chamber volume. Hot flue gas is recirculated rapidly in the combustion chamber by the flame jet, generating heat transfer byconvection and flame radiation. This increased heat transfer decreases flue gas temperature at the superheater intake. Four of the pulverized coal combustors were designed and fitted to a 1962 water tube boiler with vertical combustion chamber and two vertical flues producing 40 T/h steam at 75 Bar-520 C, operating at 4,700 h/y with a heavy fuel intake of 13,000 T/y and modified to permit ash removal. Combustor specification is: - fuel - pulverized lignite - capacity 10. 10 Kcal/h (11. 6 MW) each - combustion air 14,000 m3/h 190 C p=Mbar - coal conveying air 330 m3/h, 20 C - turn down ratio 1:20 - flame jet velocity at 100 per cent load - 125 m/s - make - Dr. Schoppe Anlagenbau Additional equipment includes pulverized coal silos of 120 m3 capacity, pulverized coal feeders (fluidized bed rotary pumps), flue gas filter and a 100 m3 ash silo with out loading equipment. Total project cost is DM 5,043 297 including commissioning and test runs. Fuel cost savings of + DM 784,000 represent 2.5 per cent of the annual turnover of the company owning and operating the boiler. Total conversion costs of a standard 40 T/h boiler are estimated at DM 4,650,000. Payback on the project is 3.93 years. Achievements: Boiler modification and installation of the pulverized coal equipment was completed at 28. 09. 84. After two weeks for calibration and control adjustment the boiler arrived at its design specification of 40 T/h steam production at 74 Bar-500 C. After the first weeks of operation the following problems were:::
Das Projekt "Untersuchungen zur Asthma-ausloesenden Wirkung von schwermetallhaltigen Staeuben an isolierten Alveolarmakrophagen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Institut für Biochemie und Lebensmittelchemie durchgeführt. Im geplanten Forschungsvorhaben werden Flugaschen aus Muellverbrennungsanlagen, Kohle- und Oelkraftwerken gesammelt und nach Korngroessen fraktioniert. Die feinen Flugasche-Fraktionen werden auf ihren Schwermetallgehalt analysiert und zur Inkubation mit Rinder-Alveolarmakrophagen verwendet. In diesen Experimenten soll der Einfluss der verschiedenen Flugasche-Fraktionen auf die Sekretion des Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) bestimmt werden. Es gibt sichere Hinweise dafuer, dass PAF ein Mediator ist, der an der Ausloesung von Asthmaerkrankungen massgebend beteiligt ist. Daher wird erwartet, dass eventuelle Korrelationen von Staubinhaltsstoffen mit der PAF-Sekretion wichtige Aufschluesse ueber asthmaausloesende anorganische Bestandteile von partikulaeren Luftverunreinigungen geben.
Das Projekt "Schwefeloxid-Gleichgewicht in Oelkraftwerken" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Graz, Institut für Grundlagen der Verfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik durchgeführt. The operators of heavy oil fired power plants are confronted with two aspects by dealing with the SO3 content of the flue gas. The visible effect like the 'Blue Haze' causes discomfort of the citizens because of the growing environmental awareness. The technical aspect is the formation of H2SO4 which results in heavy corrosion in different units of power blocks. Therefore the formation of SO3 and its amount in the flue gas along the gas stream is of interest. The concentration of SO3 in the flue gas is not constant and is influenced by various parameters. Those will be described. A smooth solution of the SO3 problem seems not to be realistic now, since even various steps of cleaning the flue gas increase the SO3 content. As the best way reducing the SO3 concentration, it is recommended to use the existing possibilities of improvement. Therefore optimizing the existing systems of cleaning and cooling/heating the flue gas will bring more benefit, then the installment of costly new systems.
Das Projekt "Messung der Schwefeltrioxid-Emissionen in Oelkraftwerken" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität Graz, Institut für Grundlagen der Verfahrenstechnik und Anlagentechnik durchgeführt. The composition of flue gas, especially the sulphur oxides are of basic interest for technicians running a power plant. The measurement of SO2 is well established, while there are only a few methods of SO3 measurements available. Any of these methods show some disadvantages. There are two methods to measure SO3-concentrations in flue gas continuously. Border conditions to work this method reliably in some cases are introduced. Improvements which will allow even better reliability are proposed. All relevant methods of measuring will be described, advantages and disadvantages discussed.