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Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Level 3 – Global

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentration around the globe. Sulphur dioxide enters the atmosphere through volcanic eruptions and human-related activities. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. The DLR INPULS project develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Fließgewässermessstelle obh. Neunkirchen, Strbr. b. Grünhof, oh KA FOELTZ22, Ölschnitz

Die Messstelle obh. Neunkirchen, Strbr. b. Grünhof, oh KA FOELTZ22 (Messstellen-Nr: 14135) befindet sich im Gewässer Ölschnitz in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands, des Grundwasserstands im oberen Grundwasserstockwerk.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ultraviolet Index (UVI), Level 3 – Global

UV Index (UVI) as derived from TROPOMI observations. The UVI describes the intensity of the solar ultraviolet radiation. Values around zero indicate low, values greater than 10 indicate very high UV exposure on the ground. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Formaldehyde (HCHO), Level 3 – Global

The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product displays the Formaldehyde (HCHO) concentration around the globe. The major HCHO sources are vegetation, fires, traffic and industrial sources. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

Einsatz von Holz für den Trockenbau in Gebäudebereichen mit hohen Anforderungen an den Brandschutz, Teilvorhaben 2: Entwicklung der nichtbrennbaren Sperrholzplatte

Das Projekt "Einsatz von Holz für den Trockenbau in Gebäudebereichen mit hohen Anforderungen an den Brandschutz, Teilvorhaben 2: Entwicklung der nichtbrennbaren Sperrholzplatte" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Patrick Leleu Furnier GmbH.Das Ziel dieses Forschungsvorhabens ist die Entwicklung eines nichtbrennbaren Sperrholzes (Klasse A2 nach DIN EN 13501-1), welches in Gebäudebereichen mit erhöhten Anforderungen an den Brandschutz verwendet werden kann. Das Sperrholz soll aus einheimischen Holzarten wie Birke, Pappel oder Buche bestehen und durch die Imprägnierung im Kesseldruckverfahren mit umweltverträglichen Flammschutzmitteln brandschutztechnisch ertüchtigt werden. Dabei sollen die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Sperrholzes vergleichbar mit konventionellen plattenförmigen Holzwerkstoffen sein. Als Grundlage für die Entwicklung dient eine bestehende hybride Holzwerkstoffplatte mit Blähglaskern, die nach IMO FTP Code Part 1 im Schiffsbau bereits als nichtbrennbar klassifiziert werden konnte und zur Verwendung im Hochbau ohne die Verwendung von Blähglas weiterentwickelt wird. Das entwickelte nichtbrennbare Sperrholz soll im weiteren Projektverlauf für eine Trockenbau-Wandkonstruktion mit einer Feuerwiderstandsdauer von mindestens 60 Minuten nach DIN EN 13501-2 verwendet werden. Dabei werden schwerentflammbare Hölzer als Ständerwerk und LIGNOLOC® Holznägel als alternative Befestigungsmittel betrachtet. Zudem sollen die Schallschutzeigenschaften sowie die Verarbeitbarkeit auf der Baustelle äquivalent zu konventionellen Trockenbausystemen sein. Des Weiteren wird gemäß den Anforderungen der Muster-Verwaltungsvorschrift Technische Baubestimmungen sichergestellt, dass die Grenzwerte für VOC (flüchtige organische Verbindungen), die durch das Produkt freigesetzt werden, nicht überschritten werden.

Die atmosphärische Tagchemie von Schlüsselverbindungen beeinflußt von der atmosphärischen Nachtchemie (DARK KNIGHT).

Das Projekt "Die atmosphärische Tagchemie von Schlüsselverbindungen beeinflußt von der atmosphärischen Nachtchemie (DARK KNIGHT)." wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung e.V..Flüchtige organische Verbindungen (VOC) werden in großen Mengen (1300 TgC pro Jahr) von biogenen und anthropogenen Quellen in die Atmosphäre emittiert. Die Oxidation solcher Verbindungen führt zur Bildung von semivolatilen Produkten, welche in die Partikelphase übergehen können und somit zur Bildung von sekundärem organischem Aerosol (SOA) beitragen. Die globale SOA Produktion anthropogenen Ursprungs beläuft sich auf 0,05 bis 9,7 Tg pro Jahr. Hingegen wird die biogene SOA Produktion mit bis zu 910 Tg pro Jahr beziffert, was einem Umsatz von 70% der emittierten biogenen VOCs entspricht. Ein solcher Umsatz ist unvereinbar mit den vergleichsweise niedrigen SOA Ausbeuten aus Aerosolkammerexperimenten. Die Ursache für diese Diskrepanz liegt vermutlich an zusätzlichen SOA Bildungswegen wie der Weiterreaktion von VOC Oxidationsprodukten, welche von den Umgebungsbedingungen wie dem Oxidationsmittel, der relativen Feuchte und der Art der vorhandenen Partikel abhängt. Somit sind zwar Tag- und Nachtchemie grundverschieden, allerdings auch eng miteinander verbunden, denn die Produkte der Nachtchemie werden durch die darauffolgende Tagchemie weiterprozessiert und umgekehrt. Dadurch wird das Partitionierungsverhalten der Produkte und somit die SOA Bildung stark beeinflusst. Daher soll im Rahmen des Projektes Dark Knight der Einfluss der Tagchemie auf die Nachtchemie und umgekehrt untersucht werden. Das Wissen über die Verschaltung von Tag- und Nachtchemie kann erheblich zum Verständnis über die an der SOA Bildung beteiligte Prozesse beitragen.

Effects of water content, input of roots and dissolved organic matter and spatial inaccessibility on C turnover & determination of the spatial variability of subsoil properties

Das Projekt "Effects of water content, input of roots and dissolved organic matter and spatial inaccessibility on C turnover & determination of the spatial variability of subsoil properties" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Universität Kassel, Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Umwelt- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Umweltchemie.It is well established that reduced supply of fresh organic matter, interactions of organic matter with mineral phases and spatial inaccessibility affect C stocks in subsoils. However, quantitative information required for a better understanding of the contribution of each of the different processes to C sequestration in subsoils and for improvements of subsoil C models is scarce. The same is true for the main controlling factors of the decomposition rates of soil organic matter in subsoils. Moreover, information on spatial variabilities of different properties in the subsoil is rare. The few studies available which couple near and middle infrared spectroscopy (NIRS/MIRS) with geostatistical approaches indicate a potential for the creation of spatial maps which may show hot spots with increased biological activities in the soil profile and their effects on the distribution of C contents. Objectives are (i) to determine the mean residence time of subsoil C in different fractions by applying fractionation procedures in combination with 14C measurements; (ii) to study the effects of water content, input of 13C-labelled roots and dissolved organic matter and spatial inaccessibility on C turnover in an automatic microcosm system; (iii) to determine general soil properties and soil biological and chemical characteristics using NIRS and MIRS, and (iv) to extrapolate the measured and estimated soil properties to the vertical profiles by using different spatial interpolation techniques. For the NIRS/MIRS applications, sample pretreatment (air-dried vs. freeze-dried samples) and calibration procedures (a modified partial least square (MPLS) approach vs. a genetic algorithm coupled with MPLS or PLS) will be optimized. We hypothesize that the combined application of chemical fractionation in combination with 14C measurements and the results of the incubation experiments will give the pool sizes of passive, intermediate, labile and very labile C and N and the mean residence times of labile and very labile C and N. These results will make it possible to initialize the new quantitative model to be developed by subproject PC. Additionally, we hypothesize that the sample pretreatment 'freeze-drying' will be more useful for the estimation of soil biological characteristics than air-drying. The GA-MPLS and GA-PLS approaches are expected to give better estimates of the soil characteristics than the MPLS and PLS approaches. The spatial maps for the different subsoil characteristics in combination with the spatial maps of temperature and water contents will presumably enable us to explain the spatial heterogeneity of C contents.

SWIM Water Extent - Sentinel-1/2 - Daily

SWIM Water Extent is a global surface water product at 10 m pixel spacing based on Sentinel-1/2 data. The collection contains binary layers indicating open surface water for each Sentinel-1/2 scene. Clouds and cloud shadows are removed using ukis-csmask (see: https://github.com/dlr-eoc/ukis-csmask ) and are represented as NoData. The water extent extraction is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). For further information, please see the following publications: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.05.022 and https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11192330

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Ozone (O3), Level 3 – Global

Ozone vertical column density in Dobson Units as derived from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI observations. The stratospheric ozone layer protects the biosphere from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation. Ozone in troposphere can pose risks to the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. The TROPOMI instrument aboard the SENTINEL-5P space craft is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer covering wavelength bands between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infra-red. TROPOMI's purpose is to measure atmospheric properties and constituents. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing operational retrieval of the following trace gas constituents: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4). Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. Within the INPULS project, innovative algorithms and processors for the generation of Level 3 and Level 4 products, improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users are developed.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI – Aerosol Layer Height (ALH), Level 3 – Global

Aerosols are an indicator for episodic aerosol plumes from dust outbreaks, volcanic ash, and biomass burning. Daily observations are binned onto a regular latitude-longitude grid. The Aerosol layer height is provided in kilometres. The TROPOMI instrument onboard the Copernicus SENTINEL-5 Precursor satellite is a nadir-viewing, imaging spectrometer that provides global measurements of atmospheric properties and constituents on a daily basis. It is contributing to monitoring air quality and climate, providing critical information to services and decision makers. The instrument uses passive remote sensing techniques by measuring the top of atmosphere solar radiation reflected by and radiated from the earth and its atmosphere. The four spectrometers of TROPOMI cover the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), Near Infra-Red (NIR) and Short Wavelength Infra-Red (SWIR) domains of the electromagnetic spectrum. The operational trace gas products generated at DLR on behave ESA are: Ozone (O3), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Methane (CH4), together with clouds and aerosol properties. This product is created in the scope of the project INPULS. It develops (a) innovative retrieval algorithms and processors for the generation of value-added products from the atmospheric Copernicus missions Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, and Sentinel-5, (b) cloud-based (re)processing systems, (c) improved data discovery and access technologies as well as server-side analytics for the users, and (d) data visualization services.

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