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Fließgewässermessstelle Luhe, Steg oh. Mdg. Naab, Luhe

Die Messstelle Luhe, Steg oh. Mdg. Naab (Messstellen-Nr: 6106) befindet sich im Gewässer Luhe in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands, des Grundwasserstands im oberen Grundwasserstockwerk.

Fließgewässermessstelle Dietfurt KW-OW, Altmühl

Die Messstelle Dietfurt KW-OW (Messstellen-Nr: 4172) befindet sich im Gewässer Altmühl in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands, des Grundwasserstands im oberen Grundwasserstockwerk.

Entwicklung der Fehlerschätzungsmethode für Datenassimilation für allgemeine Ozean-Zirkulationsmodelle

Die 4D-Var Datenassimilation (4D-var DA) ist eine spezielle Methode, die zur Initialisierung von Klima- und Wettervorsagen durch die Schätzung von Klimamodellparametern benutzt wird, in dem Modelle an beobachtende Daten angepasst werden. Aus verschiedenen Gründen führen DA unvermeidliche methodische Fehler ein, die sich auf die Genauigkeit der Modellvorhersagen auswirken. Aktuelle Methoden zur Fehlerkorrektur brauchen erhebliche Computerressourcen. Dies ist ein Grund, warum die Verwendung dieser Methoden in der Klimamodellierung begrenzt ist und sie nur in vereinfachten Versionen angewandt werden. Die Entwicklung einer konzeptuell neuartigen, robusten und effizienten, nichtlinear-variationellen Fehlerschätzungsmethode (NOVFEM) ist Ziel dieses Projekts. Diese Methode wird Fehler von DA Methoden schätzen und die notwendigen Korrekturen bestimmen. Im Besonderen ist es geplant, VOVFEM im Rahmen einer Anwendung in Klimavorhersagesystemen zu entwickeln. Der Vorteil der vorgeschlagenen Methode ist, dass der Algorithmus auf einer abstrakten mathematischen Formulierung basiert und deshalb in vielen geophysikalischen Bereichen angewandt werden kann. Eine weitere Innovation dieses Projekts ist die Entwicklung einer Methode zur schnellen und einfachen Berechnung von inversen Kovarianzmatrizen, die z. B. Anwendung in DA finden. Die vorgeschlagenen Methode ist im Vergleich mit existieren Methoden effizienter. Es wird erwartet, dass die theoretischen Ergebnisse dieses Projekt national und international veröffentlicht werden und ein freier Zugang zur NOVFEM Software wird bereitgestellt werden.

Fließgewässermessstelle Straßenbrücke Obersdorf, Pegel, Rosenbach

Die Messstelle Straßenbrücke Obersdorf, Pegel (Messstellen-Nr: 7786) befindet sich im Gewässer Rosenbach in Bayern. Die Messstelle dient der Überwachung des biologischen Zustands, des chemischen Zustands, des Grundwasserstands im oberen Grundwasserstockwerk.

Grundwassermessstelle DEGM_DENW_100120015: BS 1 KNETTERHDE

Stammdaten und Analysedaten zu den Grundwassermessstellen im EUA-Messnetz: Messtelle DEGM_DENW_100120015 (BS 1 KNETTERHDE)

Between Path Dependence and Path Creation: The Impact of Farmers' Behavior and Policies on Structural Change in Agriculture

Farm structures are often characterized by regional heterogeneity, agglomeration effects, sub-optimal farm sizes and income disparities. The main objective of this study is to analyze whether this is a result of path dependent structural change, what the determinants of path dependence are, and how it may be overcome. The focus is on the German dairy sector which has been highly regulated and subsidized in the past and faces severe structural deficits. The future of this sector in the process of an ongoing liberalization will be analyzed by applying theoretical concepts of path dependence and path breaking. In these regards, key issues are the actual situation, technological and market trends as well as agricultural policies. The methodology will be based on a participative use of the agent-based model AgriPoliS and participatory laboratory experiments. On the one hand, AgriPoliS will be tested as a tool for stakeholder oriented analysis of mechanisms, trends and policy effects. This part aims to analyze whether and how path dependence of structural change can be overcome on a sector level. In a second part, AgriPoliS will be extended such that human players (farmers, students) can take over the role of agents in the model. This part aims to compare human agents with computer agents in order to overcome single farm path dependence.

Oxygen consumption rate, organic carbon and grain size data for intertidal sediments and oxygen concentration of pore waters data of Spiekeroog Island North Beach, May 2022 to April 2023

The permeable sandy sediments of beach aquifers receive a high input of electron acceptors, such as oxygen (O2), as well as fresh organic matter through seawater infiltration, driving the biogeochemical turnover in the subterranean estuary. Here, we experimentally determined seasonal sedimentary O2 consumption rates of intertidal sediments along a transect in the seawater infiltration zone at Spiekeroog Island North Beach, Germany, and present the data together with measurements of organic carbon and grain sizes, oxygen concentration of pore waters and beach topography. The samples were taken down to 1 m depth during two-monthly sampling campaigns from May 2022 to April 2023. Preliminary investigations of O2 consumption rates took place in in March, June and August 2017. Sediment and porewater sampling procedures were carried out as described by Massmann et al. (2023). O2 consumption rates were determined in slurry incubations of the retrieved sediments using gas tight vials (Labco Exetainer® 12 ml) equipped with O2 sensor spots (Pyroscience, OXSP5). Incubations were carried out in the dark at in situ temperatures, and vials were mounted on a rotating wheel to mimic porewater advection. The sediment's total organic carbon content was determined in a CS analyser (Eltra CS 800). Additionally, the fine fraction of the sediment was washed out and the organic carbon content of the fine sediments was measured in a CHNSO analyser (Hekatech Euro EA). The grain size distribution of the sediments was detemined using dynamic image analysis (Sympatec QICPIC). The O2 concentration in the pore water along the transect was measured immediately after the sample was taken using a flow-through oxygen optode (Pyroscience, OXFTC). The data was collected to investigate the impact of seasonal inputs and filtration efficiency on the O2 consumption during seawater infiltration into the permeable sands of beach aquifers.

Organic parameters obtained from Röttingen core

The total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total sulfur (TS) were determined using a LECO CS-230 system (Laboratory Equipment Corporation). Samples were heated up to 2000 °C under an oxygen atmosphere and an infrared detector subsequently measured the amount of produced CO₂ and SO₂. TOC was measured the same way after removing inorganic carbonates using 10 % HCl solution at 80 °C. Rock-Eval Pyrolyses were performed on a Rock-Eval-6 analyser (Vinci Technologies) using up to 180 mg initial sample material and a standard program (Espitalié et al., 1977; Lafargue et al., 1998), starting isothermal with 300°C for 3 min, succeeded by a heating rate of 25°C/min up to 650°C. Standard deviations for hydrogen indices (HI) and Tmax values are ± 5 % and ± 2°C, respectively.

Organic parameters obtained from Metzingen core

The total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total sulfur (TS) were determined using a LECO CS-230 system (Laboratory Equipment Corporation). Samples were heated up to 2000 °C under an oxygen atmosphere and an infrared detector subsequently measured the amount of produced CO₂ and SO₂. TOC was measured the same way after removing inorganic carbonates using 10 % HCl solution at 80 °C. Rock-Eval Pyrolyses were performed on a Rock-Eval-6 analyser (Vinci Technologies) using up to 180 mg initial sample material and a standard program (Espitalié et al., 1977; Lafargue et al., 1998), starting isothermal with 300°C for 3 min, succeeded by a heating rate of 25°C/min up to 650°C. Standard deviations for hydrogen indices (HI) and Tmax values are ± 5 % and ± 2°C, respectively.

Clay and heavy minerals and total organic carbon in Arctic Ocean surface sediments – Data tables to distribution maps of Stein (2008)

Total organic carbon (TOC) and mineral assemblages are key data sets determined to characterize marine sediments in terms of sediment provenances, processes, and depositional environments. In a comprehensive review and synthesis (Stein, 2008), such data were compiled for Arctic Ocean surface sediments and shown in nine selected distribution maps: four maps of clay minerals (illite, smectite, chlorite, and kaolinite), four maps of heavy minerals (amphibole, clinopyroxene, epidote, and garnet), and one TOC map. The data used to produce these maps, are represented in the three tables of this data report. For details in background information and methodology see primary source literature cited here as well as the Stein (2008) synthesis.

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