Outbreaks of foodborne illness linked to consumptions of fresh, or partially processed, agricultural products are a growing concern in industrialized and developing countries. The incidence of human pathogens on fresh fruits and vegetables is often related to the use of recycled wastewaster in surface irrigation as well as high amounts of animal manure in agricultural management practice. Thereby the soil inhabiting fauna plays an important role in the transport and dissemination of microorganisms. The focus of the proposed project is on nematodes, well known vectors for bacteria and viruses in soil. The major goals are to: (1) survey human pathogens in soil and on/in free-living and plant parasitic nematodes in agriculture field sites irrigated with recycled wastewater or fertilized with fresh animal manure in Israel and the Palestinian Authority, (2) assess the function of nematodes as vectors in transmitting bacteria from microbial hot spots to plants, and (3) localize bacteria on and/or within the nematode and identify bacterial factors required for survival in the nematode host. Understanding the mechanisms involved in dissemination of human pathogens by nematodes will enhance the ability to develop practical means to minimize contamination of fresh produce and increase safety in food production.
Agricultural management is a key force affecting soil processes and functions. Triggered by biophysical constraints as well as rapid structural and technological developments, new management practices are emerging with largely unknown impacts on soil processes and functions. This impedes assessments of the potential of such emerging practices for sustainable intensification, a paradigm coined to address the growing demand for food and nonfood products. In terms of soil management, sustainable intensification means that soil productivity is increased while other soil functions and services, such as carbon storage and habitat for organisms, are simultaneously maintained or even improved. In this paper we provide an overview of research challenges to better understand how emerging soil management practices affect soil processes and functions. We distinguish four categories of soil management practices: spatial arrangements of cropping systems, crops and rotations, mechanical pressures, and inputs into the soil. Key research needs identified for each include nutrient efficiency in agroforestry versus conventional cropping systems, soil-rhizosphere microbiome elucidation to understand the interacting roles of crops and rotations, the effects of soil compaction on soilâ€Ìplantâ€Ìatmosphere interactions, and the ecotoxicity of plastics, pharmaceuticals and other pollutants that are introduced into the soil. We establish an interdisciplinary, systemic approach to soil science and include cross-cutting research activities related to process modeling, data management, stakeholder interaction, sustainability assessment and governance. The identification of soil research challenges from the perspective of agricultural management facilitates cooperation between different scientific disciplines in the field of sustainable agricultural production. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
Objective: Within the AQUAREHAB project, different innovative rehabilitation technologies for soil, groundwater and surface water will be developed to cope with a number of hazardous (nitrates, pesticides, chlorinated and aromatic compounds, mixed pollutions, ) within heavily degraded water systems. The technologies are activated riparian zones/wetlands; smart biomass containing carriers for treatment of water in open trenches; in-situ technologies to restore degraded surface water by inhibiting influx of pollutants from groundwater to surface water; multifunctional permeable barriers and injectable Fe-based particles for rehabilitation of groundwater. Methods will be developed to determine the (long-term) impact of the innovative rehabilitation technologies on the reduction of the influx of these priority pollutants towards the receptor. A connection between the innovative technologies and river basin management will be worked out. In a first stage of the project, the technologies and integration of their impact in river basin management will be developed in three different river basins (Denmark, Israel, Belgium). In a second stage, the generic approaches will be extrapolated to one or two more river basins. One of the major outcomes of the project will be a generic river basin management tool that integrates multiple measures with ecological and economic impact assessments of the whole water system. The research in the project is focused on innovative rehabilitation strategies to reduce priority pollutants in the water system whereas the generic management tool will include other measures related to flood protection, water scarcity and ecosystem health. The project will aid in underpinning river basin management plans being developed in EU Member States, and will demonstrate cost effective technologies that can provide technical options for national and local water managers, planners and other stakeholders (drinking water companies, industry, agriculture.
Ziel des Antrags ist eine Analyse der Optionen, Treibhausgasemissionen in der Landwirtschaft durch verbesserte Managementoptionen im Ackerbau zu reduzieren. Dabei stellen die Berücksichtigung einer ansteigenden Nachfrage nach landwirtschaftlichen Produkten (Bevölkerungswachstum, Ernährungsgewohnheiten), der notwendige stärkere Schutz von Boden- und Wasserressourcen und die Folgen von Klimawandel wichtige Randbedingungen dar. Für diese Untersuchung wird ein globales, prozess-basiertes Simulationsmodell um die nötigen Prozesse erweitert und zur Untersuchung der Optionen zur Treibhausgasreduktion in der Landwirtschaft und gleichzeitiger Ernährungssicherung eingesetzt. Das Projekt gliedert sich in 4 Arbeitsbereiche: Bodendynamik, Managementsysteme, Nahrungsmittelproduktion, Vermeidung von Klimawandel, die zunächst einzeln bearbeitet und anschließend integriert werden sollen. In der ersten Phase werden die Grundlagen für die Analyse im Modell gelegt und implementiert (Nährstoffkreisläufe, Bodendynamik, Managementsysteme) sowie die Folgen des Klimawandels ohne Anpassung abgeschätzt. In der zweiten Phase werden Limitierungen und ungewollte Rückkopplungsmechanismen einzeln untersucht, um in der dritten Phase in ihrem Zusammenwirken gemeinsam analysiert zu werden und das Potential abzuschätzen, Treibhausgasemissionen in der Landwirtschaft zu reduzieren bei gleichzeitiger globaler Ernährungssicherung.
Innerhalb des Verbundprojektes 'Verbesserung der Ernährungssicherheit in Afrika durch erhöhte Systemproduktivität von biomassebasierten Wertschöpfungsnetzen' (BiomassWeb) hat das Teilprojekt 'Crop productivity and resource use efficiency in biomass webs' (WP2.1) das Ziel räumliche Muster in der aktuellen und potentiellen Produktion von Biomasseprodukten zu identifizieren, die gegenwärtige Ressourcennutzung in verschiedenen Wertschöpfungsnetzen zu quantifizieren, Gründe für Differenzen zwischen potenziellem und aktuellem Ertrag zu benennen und mögliche Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Produktivität und der Effizienz der Ressourcennutzung in ausgewählten Wertschöpfungsnetzen vorzuschlagen. Eine Geodatenbank wird aufgebaut, die Sekundärinformationen über die Produktivität von Biomassenetzen und die Umweltbedingungen in den Projektregionen enthält. Großskalige Pflanzenwachstumsmodelle werden entwickelt, um die Produktion von Maniok und Maize in definierten Boden-Klima-Management-Einheiten zu simulieren. Außerdem werden räumliche Muster der Düngeranwendung geschätzt. Die Effekte von anderen ertragslimitierenden Faktoren (Mikronährstoffe, Schädlinge etc.) und die potentiellen Erträge werden ermittelt und mit den beobachteten Erträgen in den Projektregionen verglichen. Die Ressourcennutzungseffizienz wird berechnet aus dem Ressourceneinsatz, der Ressourcenaufnahme und der Biomasse der geernteten Produkte. Das Modell wird in der benutzerfreundlichen Modellumgebung SIMPLACE implementiert.
In the Republic of Bashkortostan (Southern Russia) land use in general and land use practices in particular have changed due to the transformation process after the breakup of the former Soviet Union. These developments are causing land degradation and soil erosion, subsequently leading to a dramatic loss of arable land and a reduction of land productivity. The project will investigate the natural and anthropogenic causes for land degradation and soil erosion. Further more, ecological, socio-economic and political factors influencing sustainable agriculture in the region will be examined. For this study existing Russian archives, results from field work as well as the analyses of remote sensing data will be used. Finally, guidelines and recommendations for soil conservation strategies will be developed. In addition, the existing data basis will be re-examined and adapted to international standards. The integration of data as well as their transfer to the public will be achieved by using GIS techniques.
Übergeordnetes Ziel des Projektes ist, eine Vereinfachung des Betriebsmanagement-Werkzeugs 'FarmLife' für die Beratungspraxis und den Einsatz durch Bildungspartner des Bundes und der Länder. Die Verbesserungen betreffen sowohl die Anwendung als auch die Unterstützung im Bereich der Beratungsinhalte. Ergänzende Arbeiten betreffen die Verbesserung der nationalen Eingangsdaten für die Bewertung von Umweltwirkungen.
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