The expedition PS155/1 started on August 5th, 2018 in Tromsø (Norway) and ended in Longyearbyen (Spitsbergen) on September 3rd, 2018. In the course of BGR’s GREENMATE project the geological development of the European North Atlantic and the northern and north eastern Greenland shelf was analyzed using various marine geophysical methods (seismics, magnetics, gravity, heatflow measurements) and geological sampling (gravity corer, box corer, multi-corer, dredge). Sampling of marine Shelf sediments was undertaken in close correspondence with co-users from Geomar (add-on project ECHONEG), aiming to reconstruct Holocene paleo environmental and climatic evolution. Using the ship’s helicopters, marine sampling was complemented by onshore sampling operations to extract geological material at selected near coastal locations. Other scientific project groups used the cruise PS115.1 as an opportunity to quantify marine mammals and sea birds and their statistical distribution in our research area as part of the long-term project (add-on project Birds& Mammals) and to gather additional meteorological data via radiosondes (add-on Project YOPP). Against all expectations, outstanding ice conditions along the northern coast of Greenland enabled us to carry out reflection seismic surveys north of 84°N at the southern tip of Morris Jesup Rise with a 3 km long streamer. Structural data of this particular region of North Greenland is of special importance for BGR’s project GREENMATE for reconstructing the continental margin evolution. A 100 km long refraction seismic profile was measured to complement the reflection seismic data. After completing this, scientific work was concentrated on the northeastern Greenland shelf area between 76°N and 82.5°N. Over the time of the cruise a total of 2500 km of reflection seismic profiles (2250 km measured with 3km streamer length) and 100 km of refraction seismic profile (using nine ocean bottom seismometers) were measured, accompanied by gravity and magnetic surveys and seven heat flow measurement stations. Along the shelf and deep-sea area 21 geological sampling sites were chosen, with all together one dredge (around 200 kg of sample), 16 gravity cores (total core length 65 m), 12 box corers and 6 multi-corer stations. Onshore sediment sampling was done at 11 sampling sites. Beside sediment sampling hard rock from near coastal outcrops was collected in a total amount of 250 kg that will be used for age dating. The entire science program was carried out under consideration of the highest ecological standards to protect marine mammals and to meet all environmental requirements of the permitting authorities. In addition to external marine mammal observers (MMO) various acoustic monitoring systems and AWI’s on board infrared detection system AIMMS monitored any activity of marine mammals in the ships perimeter, especially during seismic operations.
The 3rd cooperative BGR/SMNG Arctic cruise was designed to acquire new scietific data for a better understanding of temporal and spatial lithospheric variations during rifting and its influence on the tectonic and structural evolution of the continental crust of the Laptev Sea undergoing extension since at least the Early Tertiary, and for tackling open questions regarding the evolution of the submarine permafrost zone. Although conditions for seismic measurements were worse in 1997 than in 1993 and 1994, along 4,622 km of seismic traverses reflection seismic data and wide angle reflection/refraction data from 23 OBH-(ocean bottom hydrophone) stations were collected in the Laptev and East Siberian Sea. The most prominent rift basin is the Ust' Lena Rift, which is at least 300 km wide at latitude 75°N. The Cenozoic sedimentary cover exceeds 3 km everywhere, increasing up to 14 km at two locations. In the northern part of the shelf, the complex mainly N–S-trending Anisin Basin has a basin fill of up to 10 km thickness. The New Siberian Basin which is located in the northwestern part of the study area shows an up to 9 km thick graben fill. The Laptev Horst crust is locally subdivided into several tilted blocks by deep-reaching faults and there are several half grabens of smaller extent which divide the Laptev Horst into three parts: the North, the South and the East Laptev Horst. A major west dipping listric fault of at least 250 km length separates the Laptev Horst from the Ust' Lena Rift. Results from the seismological investigation indicate that recent extension is concentrated within the narrow rift basins of the eastern Laptev Sea. From wide-angle reflection/refraction seismic measurements the seismic velocities of the crustal layers were estimated along five profiles. The layers with velocities of up to 3.5 km/s apparently consist of predominantly Cenozoic sediments. The sedimentary section showing relatively high seismic velocities of 4.5 to 5.2 km/s might be interpreted as Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic deposits or overcompacted/cemented syn-rift deposits. In the eastern shelf area a layer beneath the acoustic basement was interpreted to represent Ordovician to Early Mesozoic carbonates. The lower crust in the area under study shows relatively uniform seismic velocities of about 6.0-6.8 km/s and the velocities estimated for the crust-mantle transition are in the range of 8.0 to 8.2 km/s. The origin of a several 100 m thick layer with a relative high velocity of 3 to 3.5 km/s directly beneath the seafloor was inferred as sub-sea permafrost.
Within the framework of the research project SINDBAD (Seismic and Geoacoustic Investigations Along the Sunda-Banda Arc Transition) marine geophysical investigations have been carried out with RV SONNE from October 9th, 2006, to November 9th, 2006, off the eastern Sunda Arc and at the transition to the Banda Arc in Indonesia. The research cruise SO190 Leg 1 started in Jakarta, Indonesia and ended in Darwin, Australia. During this cruise, multichannel seismics (MCS), magnetics (M), and gravimetry (G) measurements have been carried out. Simultaneously, SIMRAD (multibeam echosounder) and PARASOUND (sediment echosounder) data have been collected using RV SONNEs onboard systems. During the expedition, a total of 4,933 km of profiles with MCS, M, and G have been acquired. Six of the 20 profiles are long overview profiles perpendicular to the deformation front and cover the entire forearc from the forearc basin across the outer arc high, the deformation front onto the oceanic lithosphere. Additional profiles have been acquired along strike in the Lombok forearc basin and in the Savu Basin. The main goal of the project SINDBAD is to investigate the relation between the variability of the lower plate and the tectonic evolution of the overriding plate (formation of an outer arc high, development of forearc basins, and accretion and erosion processes of the overriding plate). The "raw materials" – seafloor sediments, oceanic crust (at the Banda Arc also continental crust) and mantle lithosphere – are carried into the subduction system at the trench. The influence of these "raw materials" on the overriding plate is controlled by a number of factors: e.g. the convergence rate, the obliqueness of convergence and the physical and chemical properties of the lower plate (e.g. its age, its sediment-cover and –thickness, its fluid content and the composition of the crust). Forearc basins are today attracting increased attention because of their hydrocarbon potential. The forearc basins of the eastern Sunda Arc are still frontier areas which are almost unexplored. An additional goal of this project is therefore the assessment of the hydrocarbon potential of the Lombok Basin. In contrast to the Sumatra subduction zone, only a small amount of pelagic sediment is carried into the subduction system offshore East Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Sumba. This results e.g. in a less pronounced development of the outer arc high, which is subaerial off Sumatra, but entirely below the sea surface in the eastern Sunda Arc. The Roo Rise, which is subducting off East Java, is a morphological high that lies about 1500 m higher than the Argo Abyssal Plain which is subducting further to the east. Despite of these pronounced differences, the deformation front in both areas shows similarities. While the foot of the slope shows lower dip than the upper slope, both areas are characterized by landward dipping thrust sheets. In both areas the outer arc high is characterized by active faults (the recent activity is indicated by deformed basin sediments on the outer arc high) and therefore no indications for a static backstop have been found. The accretionary character of the deformation front is clearly indicated in both areas, while subrosion in association with the subsidence of the Lombok Basin can not be excluded based on the preliminary interpretations. The trench in both areas is devoid of sediments, which indicates erosional processes caused by currents along the trench strike. However, a depocenter for these sediments could not be localized yet. While a forearc basin is not clearly developed off East Java, the Lombok forearc basin with water depths of more than 4000 m extends from off Bali to off Sumbawa. On the southern slope of the basin prograding sedimentary sequences indicate uplift, probably caused by the subducting Roo Rise or a growth of the outer arc high. Additionally, carbonate platforms on the acoustic basement indicate phases of rapid subsidence of the basin. The sediment thickness reaches a total of about 3.5 sec TWT. A few seismic "bright spots", but no bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) have been identified in the basin. The profiles striking along the basin axis indicate paleo-depocenters in the western part of the profile, while the recent depocenter is located in the eastern part of the basin. On the northern flank of the Lombok basin, indications for submarine volcanism (recent activity is unknown) are indicated by a seamount reaching above the seafloor associated with a clear magnetic anomaly. East of the Lombok Basin the island of Sumba is located, which is regarded as a microcontinent that has been attached to the island arc during the Late Oligocene. Sumbas geographical location in front of the island arc is usually characterized by the location of a forearc basin and correlates with the seaward displacement of the deformation front (Roti Basin) at the transition from ocean/island arc subduction of the Sunda Arc to continent/island arc collision of the Banda Arc. An uplift of about 0.5 cm/a is reported for Sumba, associated with the underplating of the continental Scott Plateau. The uplift is especially evident in the MCS data. To the east of the Lombok Basin depocenter, a transition zone with deep reaching faults is observed, associated with eastward dipping sedimentary and basement structures. This transition zone is also indicated by anomalies in the magnetic and gravity data, the latter indicating isostatic undercompensation. On the western flank of Sumba, deformed sedimentary sequences indicate gravitational gliding in association with the uplift of Sumba. East of Sumba, two profiles into the Savu Basin have been acquired. Here the uplift of Sumba is indicated by the erosion of sedimentary sequences which have been deposited in the basin followed by uplift and subsequent erosion. Further indications of "inversion structures" are given by a reactivated thrust fault that in the past has served as the southern boundary of the Savu Basin und indicates recent activity by associated deformed basin sediments. The oceanic crust of the Argo Abyssal Plain and the Roo Rise is characterized by thin sediments. On a connection profile between two long profiles on the Argo Abyssal Plain a basin with about 1.4 sec TWT of sediment has been observed, that, indicated by a magnetic anomaly, can be correlated with an age jump of about 15 Ma, thereby indicating a paleo plate boundary.
In the period from October 16, 1978 to December 9, 1978 geophysical investigations have been carried out on SONNE cruises SO-7A and SO-7B on the Lord Howe Rise off eastern Australia and in the northern Coral Sea by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (Hannover) in co-operation with the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology & Geophysics (Canberra), Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (Wellington), Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea (Port Moresby). A total of 10,500 km of bathymetric, magnetic and gravity profiles, 7,000 km of digital seismic reflection profiles and 50 sonobuoy refraction profiles were recorded during this survey. Objective of cruise SO-7A was to determine the depth and nature of the basement of the Lord Howe Rise, the configuration of the early rift basin, and the thickness and internal structure of the enclosed sediments. A new sea-mount in the southern Norfolk Basin rising some 2200 m above sea floor characterized by a free air anomaly of about 80 mgal and by a magnetic anomaly of some 500 nT was found. A complex horst and graben zone often associated with volcanic intrusions underlies the western flank of the Lord Howe Rise. Within some grabens the "breakup"-unconformity seems to exist, supporting the model that the Lord Howe Rise and the Dampier Ridge were once part of the Australian continent. The thickness of pre-breakup sediments is normally small on the Lord Howe Rise. Only in some grabens the thickness of these sediments exceeds 1 second reflection time. The Oligocene/Eocene unconformity and a Miocene unconformity are clearly recognizable in all our seismic records. Best explanation of these unconformities seems to be relative falls in sea level due to swelling and subsidences of oceanic crust. Strong variations in the character of the acoustic basement have been observed. Besides blocks with flat-lying acoustic basement zones with hummocky and irregular basement surface exist which may relate to areas of stretched continental basement contaminated by basaltic intrusions. The eastern edge of the Lord Howe Rise is characterized by an edge anomaly rising to +1000 nT. The general magnetic and gravity features of the western flank of Lord Howe Rise and the Dampier Ridge are: A generally quiet magnetic field with isolated large anomalies, consistent with the faulted acoustic basement of low or moderate susceptibility, with low susceptibility, dense intrusives in places, and also high susceptibility intrusions or flows. Gravimetric/magnetic "edge anomalies" between the outer and western edge of the Lord Howe/Dampier Ridge and the Tasman Sea are apparently absent. The objective of cruise SO-7B was to search for marginal graben zones off the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus associated with the initial rifting of the Coral Sea Basin. In the seismic records at least two regional unconformities are recognizable which represent periods of erosion or non-deposition during Oligocene/Eocene respectively in Miocene time. Further an older unconformity exists in block-faulted regions of the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus. Beneath the present continental slopes the Miocene and Oligocene/Eocene unconformities lie close together and are sometimes coincident. The transition from oceanic crust of the Coral Sea Basin to continental crust of the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus occurs in the surveyed area over a narrow ( 50 km) zone and is associated with a sediment filled graben. The graben-zone observed beneath the present slope of the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus contains more than 2 sec (reflection time) thick sediments of pre-Oligocene/Eocene age. The oceanic crust, as it approaches the plateaus, either rapidly deepens or abruptly stops and/or changes its seismic character so as not to be recognizable. In the seismic records from the outer part and slope of the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus, 5 to 10 km wide, convex, reflectionless zones exist. These features are interpreted as drowned fossil reefs. All observed reefs lie beneath the Oligocene/Eocene unconformity indicating these present deep-water areas were at shallow depths in pre-Eocene time. In the surveyed area post-Oligocene fossil reefs do not exist suggesting these areas were already at upper bathyal depths in the Oligocene. Assuming a seismic velocity for reefal material of 4000 m/s, the reefs on the outer Papuan Plateau have an approximate thickness of 3000 meters. Assuming a reef-growth rate of 25 m/m.y. the growth of the reefs started in upper Jurassic time (120 m.y. + 29 m.y. (assumed age of the Oligocene/Eocene unconformity) yields to 149 m.y.). The basement of the Papuan and Queensland Plateaus is probably crystalline Paleozoic rocks. This is suggested for the Queensland Plateau in particular by their relatively shallow depth, refraction velocities of 6.0 - 6.3 km/s (Ewing et al.) and 5.0 (this survey) and high intensity magnetics. A complex system of horst and graben structures exist on the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus. A larger graben appears to trend in an East-West direction on the southern Papuan Plateau. This graben is about 1 second (reflection time) deep and varies in width from 5 to 20 km.
During the second leg of cruise BGR78 from 22th of February to 29th of March 1978 with R/V EXPLORA the following measurements have been carried out as presite- and postsite surveys of DSDP sites: (1) in the region of the eastern Walvis Ridge 4,350 km multichannel seismic reflection profiles, 4,540 km magnetic measurements, 5,000 km gravimetric measurements and sonobuoy refraction measurements on 11 stations (2) on the Guinea Plateau 740 km multichannel seismic reflection profiles in parallel with gravimetric and magnetic measurements (3) between Cape Verde islands and Mauretania 980 km multichannel seismic reflection profiles in parallel with magnetic measurements, 1,480 km gravimetric measurements and sonobuoy refraction measurements on 2 stations. The geophysical measurements show that the structure of the Walvis Ridge is determined by two main tectonic directions (WSW-ENE and SSW-NNE). Presumably the genesis of the fracture zone in the Walvis Ridge area can be traced back to the sea-floor spreading with overprinting effects due to an inhomogeneity in the mantle ("hot spot"). Both DSDP drilling projects in this part of the Walvis Ridge led to a fragmentary knowledge because site 362 got stuck at a depth of 1.100 m in the Oligocene. BGR's measurements indicate a gap of at least 1.000 m of sediments, especially from the cretaceous period, down to the (acoustic) basement. Site 363 at a submarine high has gaps in the depositional sequence and stops at a depth of 700 m shortly above the basement. So for a better understanding of the geologic development of the Walvis Ridge, further DSDP drillings with a recovery of the complete sedimentary sequence and the following basement cores are necessary. Therefore BGR's measurements of this cruise propose new DSDP sites.
The results of the 1978 SONNE survey by the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), in the Coral Sea indicated the presence of narrow rift valleys beneath the outer margins of the Queensland and Papuan Plateaus. On the margins of these valleys, features were observed which were then interpreted to be large fossil reefs underlying an Eocene/Oligocene unconformity. These conclusions were important because they indicated that the Coral Sea Basin region is ideal for research into the fundamental problems concerning the development of continental margins. That is, the region offers similar problems to areas of the world where detailed studies are currently being conducted (e.g. West African margin) but with less complicated superimposed structure and a much thinner sediment cover. During the period from 29th November 1980 to 9th January 1981 a 'follow up' survey on the first and second leg of cruise SO-16 using the R/V SONNE was carried out in the northern Coral Sea, around the margins of the Coral Sea Basin, by the BGR in co-operation with the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Canberra (BMR) and the Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby (GSPNG). The survey, which was divided into a geophysical cruise (first leg of SO-16) and a geological sampling cruise (second leg of SO-16), resulted in the recording of about 7,140 km of bathymetric and gravimetric data, of about 6,950 km of magnetic data, 3,150 km of digital multichannel seismic reflection profiles, 3,560 km of analogue single channel seismic reflection profiles, 10 sonobuoy refraction profiles and the sampling of 16 stations by dredging and 9 by coring. In the period from 9th January to 6th February 1981, geophysical investigations on the 3rd leg of SONNE cruise SO-16 were carried out in the Arafura Sea between Tanimbar, Aru and Kai Islands, and in the southern part of the Makassar Strait by BGR in co-operation with the Geological Research and Development Centre, Dept. Mines and Energy of Indonesia, Bandung and the Indonesian lnstitute of Sciences (LIPI), Bandung. 4,060 km of bathymetric and gravity lines, 3,080 km of magnetic lines, 1,415 km of reflection seismic lines (digital and analogue), and 9 sonobuoy profiles were recorded during this leg. Objectives of the Arafura Sea survey were determination of (a) thickness, seismic pattern, tectonic style and subsidence of the Cenozoic/Mesozoic depositional sequences at the transition from the Australian continental shelf to the Tanimbar outer arc ridge and (b) the configuration of the Precambrian rocks of the above mentioned transition zone. Objectives of the Makassar Strait survey were determination of (a) the nature and configuration of the acoustic basement underlying the South Makassar Basin, (b) the formation and nature of the sediments overlying the acoustic basement, (c) the regional distribution of a major unconformity of assumed Middle Miocene age as observed on profile VA16-24 of the VALDIVIA cruise VA-16 in 1977 in order to get a better understanding of the development of the South Makassar Basin.
In the southwestern part of the Sulu Sea and in the southeastern part of the South China Sea, between NW Palawan and the northwestern part of the Reed Bank the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover carried out the geophysical survey BGR84 from 11th October, 1984 to 23rd November, 1984. This work was done in close cooperation with the Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (BMG), Manila, using the German seismic vessel EXPLORA chartered from PRAKLA-SEISMOS GmbH, Hannover. Multichannel reflection seismic measurements were carried out on 40 lines with a total length of 4,467 km simultaneously with magnetic measurements on 19 lines with a total length of 3,047 km. The Oligocene to lower Miocene Nido-carbonates of the South China Sea that have been proven during the SONNE cruises SO-23 and SO-27 beneath the allochthonous and chaotically deformed complex which was overthrusted from the Sulu Sea terrane, could be correlated up to the Balabac Straits. The three major unconformities of the Sulu Sea, unconformity A (Early Pliocene), unconformity B (mid Middle Miocene) and unconformity C (lower Middle Miocene) have been correlated over extensive areas by tying into the Sulu Sea well Coral-1. In the Sulu Sea reflection horizon C forms the top of a chaotic bedded rock complex and presumably represents an equivalent to the unconformity "Red" of the South China Sea, in the west of Palawan. There, the unconformity "Red" forms the surface of a highly deformed rock complex which has been interpreted as an allochthonous mass accumulation (HINZ, 1983; HINZ & SCHLÜTER, 1985). It is assumed that pronounced magnetic anomalies, approximately 140 - 160 km off NW Palawan as well as a change in the reflection seismic pattern of the acoustic basement, associated with diapiric structures which are interpreted as intrusions represent the ocean-continent boundary in this part of the South China Sea. In the Reed Bank area the basement type which is interpreted as continental crust (transitional crust?) extends as far as 160 km to the northwest, towards the South China Sea Basin. The northern part of the Reed Bank is characterized by intense downfaulting and rotated fault blocks with reef complexes ontop. In contrast to results from the Dangerous Grounds of the previous SONNE cruises, the deeper lying coherent reflections could be recognized in the monitor records off the northwestern Reed Bank area. It might be that these parts of the Reed Bank block consists of metamorphized and/or highly consolidated rocks of pre-Tertiary age which originally formed part of the Chinese back country, and which was effected by previous orogenies prior to the rifting of the proto-China continental margin.
Neue Broschüre für Dritt- und Viertklässler erschienen Ob Schlafstörungen, erhöhter Blutdruck oder sogar Ohrgeräusche (Tinnitus) – Lärm kann Menschen krank machen und das schon im Kindesalter. Untersuchungen des Umweltbundesamtes hatten in der Vergangenheit gezeigt: Von rund 1.000 untersuchten Kindern wies jedes Achte eine Einschränkung der Hörfähigkeit auf. „Wir sollten uns darüber im Klaren sein, dass Kinder ihre akustische Umwelt weniger beeinflussen können als Erwachsene“, so Maria Krautzberger, Präsidentin des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA). „Deshalb sind sie teilweise Lärm ausgesetzt, ohne dagegen etwas unternehmen zu können.“, sagt die UBA-Präsidentin. In einer neuen Mitmach-Broschüre des UBA können sich Schülerinnen und Schüler der Klassen drei bis vier spielerisch mit dem Thema „Akustik und Lärm“ beschäftigen. Auf diese Weise werden sie für das Lärmproblem sensibilisiert. Die Broschüre kann kostenlos auf der Website des UBA heruntergeladen werden. In der neuen Broschüre für die dritten und vierten Schulklassen lernen die Kinder unter anderem, wie das menschliche Ohr aufgebaut ist, welche Funktionen es hat oder wie man sich gegenüber Gehörlosen richtig verhält. Zudem enthält das Arbeitsheft auch Bastelanleitungen, beispielsweise für ein Schnurtelefon oder ein Hör-Memory. Untersuchungen des UBA zeigen, dass Lärmbelastung oft bereits im Kindesalter beginnt. So wurden bei 1.048 untersuchten Kindern deutlich, dass von den Acht- bis Vierzehnjährigen jedes Achte eine auffällige Minderung der Hörfähigkeit aufweist. Ursachen können lautes Musikhören oder lautes Spielzeug sein. Zudem wohnt jedes sechste Kind an stark befahrenen Straßen. Bei fast zwei Dritteln von ihnen ist das Kinderzimmer zur Straße ausgerichtet. Bei diesen Kindern wurde im Mittel ein leicht erhöhter Blutdruck gemessen. Neben der notwendigen Minderung des Verkehrslärms kann auch jeder selbst zur Lärmminderung im Alltag beitragen. Doch was kann jeder Einzelne konkret tun? So hilft es, auf besonders lautes Spielzeug, wie Spielzeugpistolen ganz zu verzichten. Ebenso spannende, aber lärmarme Alternativen gibt es ja durchaus. „Jedem ist klar, dass man bei der Verwendung von Kopfhörern die Musik nicht mit voller Lautstärke hören sollte. Dezente Hinweise von Eltern und Erziehern können das aber durchaus regelmäßig in Erinnerung rufen.“, sagte Maria Krautzberger.
Tag gegen den Lärm 2015: Lärmschutz schon bei Kindern wichtig Ob Straßenverkehr, Nachbarn oder Flugverkehr: Jeder zweite Mensch in Deutschland fühlt sich durch Lärm gestört oder belästigt. Auch Kinder und Jugendliche leiden häufig unter Lärm – mit teils gravierenden Folgen: Lärm kann nicht nur ihre Sprachentwicklung, die Lesefähigkeit und mentale Leistungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen. Oftmals berichten Jugendliche in Deutschland auch über tinnitusartige Ohrgeräusche nach starken Lärmbelastungen. Laut Umweltbundesamt (UBA) nimmt jedes achte Kind mindestens eine Tonfrequenz im Hörtest nicht richtig wahr. Die Ursachen sind unbekannt, häufig wird allerdings zu laute Musik – etwa über Kopfhörer dafür verantwortlich gemacht. Beim diesjährigen Tag gegen den Lärm unter dem Motto „Lärm – voll nervig!“ informieren das Umweltbundesamt und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Akustik (DEGA e. V.) vor allem Kinder und Jugendliche zu Lärm und seinen Folgen. Für Dritt- und Viertklässler hat das UBA eine neue Mitmach-Broschüre zum Thema „Akustik & Lärm“ im Angebot, die kostenlos erhältlich ist. In der neuen Broschüre lernen die Schülerinnen und Schüler unter anderem, wie das menschliche Ohr aufgebaut ist, welche Funktionen es hat oder wie man sich gegenüber Gehörlosen richtig verhält. Zudem enthält das Arbeitsheft auch Bastelanleitungen, beispielsweise für ein Schnurtelefon oder ein Hör-Memory. Für Lehrerinnen und Lehrer gibt es ein ebenfalls kostenloses Begleitbuch zur Broschüre. Schon 2009 hatte das Umweltbundesamt nach Auswertung des Kinder-Umwelt-Survey von 2003 bis 2006 festgestellt: Die Lärmbelastung fängt im Kindesalter an. So gab in der „Deutschen Umweltstudie zur Gesundheit von Kindern“ jedes zwölfte der elf- bis 14-jährigen Kinder an, nachts durch Straßenverkehrslärm belästigt zu sein, tagsüber war dies jedes sechste. Jedes achte Kind (etwa 13 Prozent der acht- bis 14-jährigen teilnehmenden Kinder) nahm zudem mindestens eine der überprüften Tonfrequenzen auf einem Ohr nur bei erhöhter Schallintensität wahr. Der Hörverlust betrug hier mehr als 20 Dezibel (dB). 2,4 Prozent der Kinder hatten bei mindestens einer einzelnen Test-Frequenz sogar einen Hörverlust von 30 dB. Das UBA hatte im Rahmen der Studie zwischen 2003 und 2006 die Schadstoff- und Lärmbelastung von 1.790 Kindern zwischen drei und 14 Jahren aus 150 Orten in Deutschland untersucht. Eine wichtige Ursache für Hörschäden bei Kindern und Jugendlichen können laute Musik in Clubs, Diskotheken oder über Kopfhörer sein. Ohrgeräusche (vorübergehender Tinnitus) treten bei Kindern vor allem nach lauter Musik auf: von den acht- bis zehnjährigen klagten 6,3 Prozent, von den elf- bis 14-jährigen 11,1 Prozent darüber. Oft halten solche Ohrgeräusche sogar mehrere Stunden an. Kinder und Jugendliche sollten sich daher besonders vor Lärm schützen: Bei dauerhaft starkem Lärm helfen Ohrstöpsel. Kopfhörer zum Musik hören sollten besser nicht mit voller Lautstärke benutzt werden – und Musikanlagen möglichst auf Zimmerlautstärke eingestellt sein.
Aktualisierter Leitfaden für die Innenraumhygiene an Schulen Die neue Auflage des „Leitfaden für die Innenraumhygiene in Schulgebäuden” ist da. Die Innenraumlufthygiene-Kommission des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA) hat ihn umfassend überarbeitet und aktuelle Themen ergänzt. Auf 140 Seiten gibt es Tipps und Hilfen gegen Feinstaub, Kohlendioxid, andere chemische Stoffe und akustische Probleme an Deutschlands Schulen. UBA-Präsident Troge: „Bildung ist wichtig - eine gesunde Umgebung ist dafür unerlässlich. Unser neuer Leitfaden hilft Lehrkräften, Schulträgern, Aufsichtsämtern oder Eltern im Kampf gegen dicke Luft an Deutschlands Schulen.” Für ein gutes Raumklima lässt sich oft mit wenigen Handgriffen sorgen, indem man zum Beispiel richtig und konsequent lüftet und beim Renovieren emissionsarme Produkte verwendet. Die richtige und schonende Reinigung in Schulgebäuden ist ebenfalls wichtig. Der Leitfaden gibt hierzu Tipps. Ferner enthält er Ratschläge zur richtigen Sanierung und Renovierung eines Schulgebäudes. Ursachen für Luftverunreinigungen in Schulen sind etwa zu hohe Kohlendioxidkonzentrationen infolge luftdichter Fenster oder unzureichenden Lüftens. Zu viel Feuchtigkeit führt zu Schimmelbefall. Hinzu kommen Schadstoffemissionen aus Baustoffen und Reinigungsmitteln. Feinstaub belastet die Gesundheit der Schülerinnen und Schüler zunehmend nicht nur auf dem Schulweg, sondern auch im Klassenraum - ganz egal ob er von außen eingetragen ist oder in der Schule verursacht wird. Folgen der schlechten Luft sind bei Lernenden und Lehrenden gleichermaßen vor allem Kopfschmerzen, Müdigkeit und mangelnde Konzentrationsfähigkeit. „Gesunde Luft trägt wesentlich zum Lernerfolg bei. Weil Bildung wichtig ist, sollten die Verantwortlichen alles für saubere Luft in den Schulen tun. Regelmäßiges Stoßlüften in jeder kleinen Pause kann viel helfen”, so Troge weiter. Troge rief ferner dazu auf, dringende Sanierungsarbeiten in Schulen nicht mit dem Hinweis auf andere, als wichtiger bezeichnete Ausgaben zurückzustellen. „Viele Schulgebäude weisen technische Mängel auf, die aus Gründen des Gesundheitsschutzes nicht tragbar sind”, so Troge. Zwar seien gerade in den vergangenen Jahren einige Schulgebäude umfassend saniert worden - etwa wegen des Verdachts auf Asbest, polychlorierte Biphenyle oder andere Schadstoffe. Nun sei es an der Zeit, sich den neuen Herausforderungen - wie dem Feinstaub, der schlechten Akustik oder dem immer noch verbreiteten Schimmel - zu widmen.
| Origin | Count |
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| Bund | 783 |
| Land | 43 |
| Type | Count |
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| Ereignis | 2 |
| Förderprogramm | 743 |
| Text | 35 |
| Umweltprüfung | 4 |
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