Der Melvillesee ist ein Fjordsee, der sich in der letzten Eiszeit am Rande des hochdynamischen Laurentidischen Eisschildes (LIS) befand. Die obersten 10 m der insgesamt ca. 300-400 m Seesedimente haben die postglaziale Geschichte der letzten 10000 Jahre aufgezeichnet. In diesem dicken Sedimentpaket dürfte der See die Klimageschichte bis weit zurück vor das letzte Glazial gespeichert haben und würde sich daher als exzellentes Klimaarchiv anbieten. Um diesen Sachverhalt zu klären, wurde im Sommer 2019 eine Expedition mit dem FS Maria S. Merian (MSM84) unternommen. Während dieser Expedition wurden Sedimentkerne gezogen sowie ein dichtes Netz von hydroakustischen Messungen durchgeführt. Anhang der Sedimentkerne und der Sedimentecholot-Daten kann man fünf verschiedene Schichten im Untergrund des Sees erkennen: (I) post-glaziale Sedimente; (II) Sedimente aus der Zeit des Eisrückzuges; (III) Sedimente, die mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit in einem subglazialen See unterhalb des aufschwimmenden LIS abgelagert wurden. Darunter finden sich (IV) wiederum schön geschichtete Sedimente, die aus einem früheren eisfreien Zeitraum stammen dürften, vermutlich MIS5, MIS4 oder die erste Hälfte des MIS3. Als unterste Schichte ist das Grundgestein (V) zu erkennen. Unsere Sedimentkerne enthalten Sedimente aus I und II sowie aus dem obersten Bereich von III. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes schlagen wir vor, die post-glazialen Sedimente sowie diejenige vom Rückzug des LIS genauer zu untersuchen, um daran Paläoklimaschwankungen sowie die Rückzugsgeschichte des LIS zu rekonstruieren. In einem zweiten Schritt möchten wir auch die Sedimente analysieren, die vom subglazialen See zu stammen, um diesen besser zu charakterisieren und um zu testen, ob auch diese Sedimente Klimaschwankungen aufgezeichnet haben. Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, werden wir die Sedimentkerne zuerst mit zerstörungsfreien Methoden wie CT-Scanning, Multisensor-Core-Logging und XRF-Scanning untersuchen. Danach werden ausgewählte Kernabschnitte beprobt. Mit Hilfe von Radiokarbondatierungen und paläomagnetischen Messungen werden wir ein Altersmodell erstellen können. Mit einer Kombination der zerstörungsfreien Messungen mit Einzelprobenmessungen (TIC, TOC, Korngröße, XRD, WD-XRF) werden wir die in den Kernen enthaltene paläoklimatologische Information entschlüsseln. Hierbei werden wir einen Schwerpunkt auf die Entwicklung von Proxies legen, die geeignet sind, die vergangenen Vorstöße und Rückzüge des LIS zu rekonstruieren. Falls wir zeigen können, dass die Sedimente des Melvillesees tatsächlich ein Archiv für Klimageschichte auch jenseits des Holozäns sind, dann empfiehlt sich der See als ein Hauptziel einer zukünftigen amphibischen Tiefbohrung von IODP und ICDP. Diese würde mit dem Ziel abgeteuft, die Dynamik des LIS zu rekonstruieren.
Soil physical-biogeochemical analyses were carried out on profiles NEP1, NEP2 and NEP3. Soil TC and TN were determined by CNS analysis, and total organic carbon (TOC) was determined by the difference between total inorganic carbon (TIC) and TC. Carbonate (CaCO₃) content was measured volumetrically using a Calcimeter and on air-dried, sieved (< 2 mm) and ground (ball mill) samples. The pH-values were measured on samples of profiles NEP1, NEP2, NEP3, which had less than 2% CaCO₃ content. Stable isotope ratios of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N were analysed for the differentiation of C3 and C4 plants and the cultivation of legumes. The analyses were performed on air-dried, sieved (< 2mm) and ground (ball mill) samples. For ¹³C analysis, the soil samples were decarbonised with 10% HCl. In the field, separate samples were collected for the NEP1 and NEP2 profiles (28 samples in total) for analysis of urease activity and microbial biomass carbon (Cmic). Samples were stored at -18°C. Urease activity (enzyme analysis) is used to provide information on the input of urea and animal excrement. The mutual relationship between urease and Cmic was used to show and understand the past and present input of urea into the soil.
Im Rahmen des Projektes AMaLiS sollen die Potenziale der Li/Sauerstoff-Technologie auf Basis der eigenen Vorarbeiten der Konsortialpartner und bisherigen Kenntnisse weiterentwickelt werden. Die derzeit in der Forschung eingesetzten Materialien weisen nur eine unzureichende Stabilität in diesem Batteriesystem auf. Entsprechend sollen in diesem Projekt zum einen die aprotischen Elektrolyte durch ionische Flüssigkeiten (IL) und zum anderen der Kohlenstoff in der GDE durch Titancarbid (TiC) ersetzt werden. Dafür sind die Verbundpartner IOLITEC und H.C. Starck (assoziiert) essentiell, da sie neben dem Know-How und der Bereitstellung der Materialien auch Aspekte eines späteren Scale-up bzgl. der eingesetzten Rohstoffe bis in den Processing-Maßstab einbringen. Durch den Einsatz von IL, die stabil gegen Lithium sind und TiC, das stabil gegen Sauerstoff ist, lässt sich eine Zelle konstruieren, die ein idealer Ansatzpunkt zur Validierung der Leistungsfähigkeit der Batterie ist. Die assoziierten Partner H.C. Starck, Schaeffler und Varta bilden in dem vorliegenden Vorhaben eine nützliche und sinnvolle Ergänzung zur Vervollständigung der Wertschöpfungskette.
The dataset compiles total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS) contents and stable isotope signatures (δ13C of TOC, δ15N, δ34S) of fine-grained deposits (clay, loam) over sandy subsoils of the saltmarsh of the barrier island Spiekeroog at the southern North Sea coast. Sampling was performed in September 2016 along three transects spanning from the high saltmarsh to the pioneer zone. At each sample point, soil samples were taken from the first 5 cm of the upper part (top samples) and from the deepest 5 cm of the lower part (bottom samples) of the fine-grained deposit. If the fine-grained deposit layer had a thickness < 10 cm, only one bulk soil sample (single samples) was taken for the depth range equal to the deposit thickness. Samples were ground to fine powder. TIC was measured on oven-dried samples coulometrically with an Analytik Jena multi EA 4000 analyzer. The total carbon (TC), TN, and TS were analyzed using a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer. The TOC contents were calculated as the difference between TC and TIC. TOC, TN, and TS contents are reported based on the original dry mass. For isotope analysis, dried and homogenized samples were weighed in tin cups and combusted in a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer, connected to a Thermo Finnigan MAT 253 gas mass spectrometer via a Thermo Conflo IV split interface. The δ13C values of TOC were measured after decalcification of the ground powders with p. a. grade HCl. The TN and δ34S analysis were carried out on a separate aliquot of sample powder. The isotope results are given in the conventional δ-notation.
The aim of the HiPoCat project (Highly Porous Cathodes for Lithium-Air Batteries) is to evaluate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) for use as new precursors for cathode materials for Li-air batteries. Through pyrolysis of the highly microporous MOFs and ZIFs, cathode materials with high electronic conductivities, reactivity, and corrosion resistance will be synthesized. Furthermore, thermal analysis and kinetic modelling approaches will be used to determine the pyrolysis parameters leading to optimal porosities. The cathode materials that are developed in this work will be combined with suitable electrolytes and electrolyte additives to assemble Li-air batteries which display specific capacities, coulombic efficiencies, and rate-capabilities which are significantly higher than those of the conventionally used carbon-based cathodes. Additionally, the porous gas-diffusion cathodes will be produced using a lower number of synthesis steps and environmentally-friendly aqueous solvents, which will be a technological first in Austria.
The dataset compiles total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN) and total sulfur (TS) contents and stable isotope signatures (δ13C of TOC, δ15N, δ34S) of fine-grained deposits (clay, loam) over sandy subsoils of the saltmarsh of the barrier island Spiekeroog at the southern North Sea coast. Sampling was performed in September 2016 along three transects spanning from the high saltmarsh to the pioneer zone. At each sample point, soil samples were taken from the first 5 cm of the upper part (top samples) and from the deepest 5 cm of the lower part (bottom samples) of the fine-grained deposit. If the fine-grained deposit layer had a thickness < 10 cm, only one bulk soil sample (single samples) was taken for the depth range equal to the deposit thickness. Samples were ground to fine powder. TIC was measured on oven-dried samples coulometrically with an Analytik Jena multi EA 4000 analyzer. The total carbon (TC), TN, and TS were analyzed using a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer. The TOC contents were calculated as the difference between TC and TIC. TOC, TN, and TS contents are reported based on the original dry mass. For isotope analysis, dried and homogenized samples were weighed in tin cups and combusted in a Thermo Scientific Flash EA Isolink Elemental Analyzer, connected to a Thermo Finnigan MAT 253 gas mass spectrometer via a Thermo Conflo IV split interface. The δ13C values of TOC were measured after decalcification of the ground powders with p. a. grade HCl. The TN and δ34S analysis were carried out on a separate aliquot of sample powder. The isotope results are given in the conventional δ-notation.
This CNS dataset contains eight columns: Sample ID, Age [a AD/CE], Age [ka BP], Depth sed [m], and content of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur (TS), and total inorganic carbon (TIC), all expressed in %.
Inorganic carbon in the total fraction in % in the german Baltic Sea.For further information look at the link map instruction.
Bulk geochemistry characterizes sediment composition and supports palaeoclimatic reconstruction of glacial/interglacial cycles for the Middle Pleistocene sediment record from the crater basin of Rodderberg, Germany. A sediment record measuring 72.8 m in length was retrieved by employing wire-line drilling techniques, utilising 3 m-long liners, from the silted-up crater basin of Rodderberg (East Eifel Volcanic Field) in the vicinity of the city of Bonn, Germany. The composite record ROD11 was subjected to continuous analysis for bulk geochemistry (total carbon, total nitrogen, total sulphur) with 10 cm spatial resolution employing a CNS analyser (EuroEA, Eurovector). Additionally, the analysis of total organic carbon was carried out with the same setup but after the destruction of carbonates with 3% and 20% sulphuric acid. The difference between total carbon and total organic carbon yields total inorganic carbon, a proxy parameter for carbonates. The calculation of organic matter was performed by multiplication of total organic carbon with a value of 2.13, in accordance with the methodology proposed by Dean (1974). The calculation of carbonaceous matter was accomplished by multiplying total inorganic carbon values with 8.33, in order to account for the stoichiometric mass change from C to CaCO3. Minerogenic matter was determined as the difference between 100 and the sum of organic matter and carbonaceous matter. These parameters enhance the palaeoclimatic interpretation for the past 430 ka. Valued by multiple dating techniques, this terrestrial record provides an environmental reconstruction since the Middle Pleistocene.
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