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DNA metabarcoding data of arthropods collected in different life stages of short rotation coppices (SRC)

<p>The dataset comprises presence data of arthropods, but also on the groups 'Annelida', 'Bacillariophyta', 'Ascomycota', 'Basidiomycota', 'Bryozoa', 'Chordata', 'Cnidaria', 'Echinodermata', 'Glomeromycota', 'Haptophyta', 'Mollusca', 'Mucoromycota', 'Nematoda', 'Nemertea', 'Ochrophyta', 'Oomycota', 'Porifera', 'Pseudomonadota', 'Rhodophyta', 'Rotifera' and 'Tardigrada'. The arthropods were collected in four different life stages of short rotation coppices (harvested, young (2 years), mature (3 years) and old (4 years)) using 3 different trapping techniques: branch sampling (BS), coloured canopy Malaise traps (MT) and pitfall traps (PIT). In each life stage, three sets of traps were placed (3 sites per life stage) and activated for two weeks, each in May, June, July and August. Once in a month, a branch sampling was conducted. In the branch sampling, 16 trees within a radius of 20m around the canopy Malaise traps were randomly selected and shaken for 10 s. Arthropods fell on a plastic tarpaulin of 1x1 m that was emptied into a collection bottle where the arthropods were stored in 96.7% ethanol.</p><p>The samples were analysed using DNA metabarcoding. In DNA metabarcoding, the Cytochrome Oxidase I-Region was targeted using the primers fwhF2 (forward) and fwhR2n (reverse) from Vamos et al 2017 (https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.1.14625) The sequences found in the samples were matched with sequences in the BOLD database. The sequences displayed are already grouped like it is known from OTUs. For this grouping, all sequences with a similarity of 97% were compiled, which means that the grouped sequences finally comprise different genetic variants of the same taxa. For each hit in the database, a plausibility check was performed by comparing the distribution range of a species (calculated from GBIF coordinates) and the trapping locations. For each detection of a sequence in a sample, the number of reads is also given. A flagging system helps the user to estimate the degree of uncertainty arising from each species hit.</p><p>This data and the data in the datasets "https://doi.org/10.15468/9pzhm6" and "https://doi.org/10.15468/9pzhm6" belongs to one study.</p>

Seawater carbonate chemistry and physiological performance parameters of Carcinus maenas under respective incubation conditions

Ocean acidification causes an accumulation of CO2 in marine organisms and leads to shifts in acid-base parameters. Acid-base regulation in gill breathers involves a net increase of internal bicarbonate levels through transmembrane ion exchange with the surrounding water. Successful maintenance of body fluid pH depends on the functional capacity of ion-exchange mechanisms and associated energy budget. For a detailed understanding of the dependence of acid-base regulation on water parameters, we investigated the physiological responses of the shore crab Carcinus maenas to 4 weeks of ocean acidification [OA, P(CO2)w = 1800 µatm], at variable water bicarbonate levels, paralleled by changes in water pH. Cardiovascular performance was determined together with extra-(pHe) and intracellular pH (pHi), oxygen consumption, haemolymph CO2 parameters, and ion composition. High water P(CO2) caused haemolymph P(CO2) to rise, but pHe and pHi remained constant due to increased haemolymph and cellular [HCO3-]. This process was effective even under reduced seawater pH and bicarbonate concentrations. While extracellular cation concentrations increased throughout, anion levels remained constant or decreased. Despite similar levels of haemolymph pH and ion concentrations under OA, metabolic rates, and haemolymph flow were significantly depressed by 40 and 30%, respectively, when OA was combined with reduced seawater [HCO3-] and pH. Our findings suggest an influence of water bicarbonate levels on metabolic rates as well as on correlations between blood flow and pHe. This previously unknown phenomenon should direct attention to pathways of acid-base regulation and their potential feedback on whole-animal energy demand, in relation with changing seawater carbonate parameters.

Pestizide, Pflanzen und Anthropoden - Verwendung eines Landnutzungs- und Klimagradienten-Ansatzes zur Untersuchung des möglichen Einflusses von Agrochemikalien

Pflanzenschutzmittel werden häufig als eine mögliche Ursache im Zusammenhang mit der Biodiversität in Agrarlandschaften genannt, obgleich ihre Rolle für die Verteilung von Nichtzielpflanzen und -arthropoden nach wie vor unklar ist. Wir wollen vorhandene Landschaftsdaten und ökologische Informationen eines von der Uni Würzburg etablierten Landnutzungs- und Klimagradienten in Bayern (LandKlif mit 180 ~Probestellen) nutzen. Zusätzlich sollen im vorliegenden Projekt Proben von Boden, Pflanzenbiomasse, Arthropodenbiomasse (Herbivore und Spinnen) genommen und darin landwirtschaftliche Pflanzenschutzmittel gemessen werden und weitere Proben von Artengruppen, für die bisher noch keine detaillierten Daten in LandKlif vorliegen (Spinnen und Käfer) genommen und bestimmt werden. Wir wollen die Bedeutung von landschaftlichen Parametern für die Pflanzenschutzmittelexposition untersuchen und die Traits der Pestizidexposition (Identität und Wirkweise, Wirkstoffkombinationen, Konzentrationsniveaus, wirkstoffspezifische Toxizität etc.) mit denen der Verteilung von Pflanzen und Arthropoden zusammenbringen und im Lichte der vorhandenen Informationen zu weiteren Einflussfaktoren analysieren. Unter Verwendung von substanz- und anbaufruchtspezifischen Daten zur Anwendung von Pestiziden wollen wir mittels meta-Analysen von Expositions- und Effektdaten für terrestrische Pflanzen und Arthropoden aus der Literatur bzw. aus Risikobewertungsdokumenten unsere Ergebnisse in einen weiteren Kontext stellen. Dieses Vorgehen soll auch die Interpretation der aus den hier vorgesehenen LandKlif-Analysen stammenden Daten erleichtern. Durch die Kombination des gut etablierten LandKlif-Untersuchungsgebietes sowie der terrestrischen Ökologieexpertise mit Expertise in der Ökotoxikologie von Pestiziden und in Meta-Analysen erhoffen wir uns eine Verbesserung des Verständnisses zur potentiellen Rolle von Agrochemikalien für Nichtzielpflanzen und Nichtzielarthropoden.

Nuetzlingsfoerderung durch die Gestaltung von Agrarlebensraeumen

Verschiedene Unkrautarten zeichnen sich durch unterschiedlichen Tierbesatz aus. Mit Kenntnis des Tierbesatzes ist es moeglich, ueber die Ansaat bestimmter Ackerkrautstreifen einzelne Tiergruppen zu foerdern. Daneben zeigen bestimmte Analysen der Aufenthaltspraeferenz verschiedener Nuetzlingsgruppen ebenfalls Vorlieben fuer bestimmte Pflanzenarten auf. Mit entsprechenden Saatmischungen fuer Ackerkrautstreifen wurden Ansaaten vorgenommen und in verschiedenen Gebieten ueber mehrere Jahre pflanzensoziologisch betreut. Es wird angestrebt, eine Saatgutmischung zu entwickeln, deren Sukzession auf mehrere Jahre weitgehend vorsehbar ist, so dass die Pflanzengesellschaft sich in einem Bereich entwickelt, der optimal zur Nuetzlingsfoerderung ist. Die Auswirkungen auf verschiedene Schaedlingspopulationen werden analysiert und es wird angestrebt, durch ein optimales Streifenmanagement weitgehend auf Insektizide verzichten zu koennen. Mehrjaehrige ungestoerte Ackerkrautstreifen haben sich als ideale Refugial- und Ausbreitungsgebiete fuer viele Arthropoden-Arten erwiesen, so dass die Monotonie der Agrarlandschaft aufgebrochen werden kann und dem Artenschwund in der Kulturlandschaft entgegengewirkt wird. Betriebsoekonomische Analysen von Ackerkrautstreifen wurden erstellt, der Einbezug in die Praxis auf Betriebsebene wird angestrebt.

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field experiment: Araneae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, spiders were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Spiders were identified to species according to Nentwig et al. (2019). Spider hunting strategy (active hunter or web-builder) was used as the feeding trait according to Cardoso et al. (2011).

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field study: Araneae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, spiders were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Spiders were identified to species according to Nentwig et al. (2019). Spider hunting strategy (active hunter or web-builder) was used as the feeding trait according to Cardoso et al. (2011).

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field experiment: Carabidae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, carabids were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Carabids were identified to species according to Hůrka (1996). Carabid feeding behavior was classified according to Homburg et al. (2014). To simplify the dataset, carabid feeding behavior was classified as predominantly granivorous (species mainly feed on seeds and fruits) or as carnivorous/omnivorous, because carnivorous and omnivorous species are potentially feeding on aphids and other non-plant material.

Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants - field study: Carabidae data

Partly taken from the materials and methods of https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2022.12.003: To compare the activity densities of ground-dwelling predators between treatments with and without RAPs, carabids were sampled using pitfall traps, which were set up after each round of aphid counting (one per plot, twice per year; Brown & Matthews, 2016). The traps (with a volume of 400 ml and a width of 90 mm) were filled with a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (1:1; 120 ml) and dug at ground level into the middle of each plot. The traps were covered with a plastic roof and a metal grid (15 × 15 mm grid size) to avoid overflowing during rain and accidental rodent catches (Császár et al., 2018). The traps were activated for 7 days. Subsequently, all arthropods were transferred into 70% ethanol. Carabids were identified to species according to Hůrka (1996). Carabid feeding behavior was classified according to Homburg et al. (2014). To simplify the dataset, carabid feeding behavior was classified as predominantly granivorous (species mainly feed on seeds and fruits) or as carnivorous/omnivorous, because carnivorous and omnivorous species are potentially feeding on aphids and other non-plant material.

DNA metabarcoding data of arthropods captured with different traps in the southwestern German agricultural landscape

<p>The dataset contains data on arthropods which was derived from DNA metabarcoding. The DNA metabarcoding was performed for samples from coloured canopy Malaise traps, caterpillar traps, branch sampling and blue and white pan traps. The traps were selected to capture predominantly flying insects, especially butterflies and hoverflies. They were placed as a defined set in four different habitat types: 'Forest (Beech and oak)', 'Centre of a short rotation coppice', 'Margin of a short rotation coppice' and 'Maize field'. There existed three replicates of each habitat type. The coloured canopy Malaise traps were equipped with blue, yellow and white cotton cloth panels (50 x 35 cm) and hung in a wooden frame four metres above ground. The caterpillar traps consisted of a dark-green plastic tarpaulin, which was stretched between trees and tapered towards the ground. At its lowest point, insects were collected with a capture bottle, which was attached to the tarpoulin with a fine gauze. The branch sampling was conducted by tabbing 100 tree branches and shaking ten trees at each site. In the corn fields, the shaking was replaced by another interval of tabbing. The blue and white pan traps were placed next to each other on a wooden table, one metre above ground. The pans were enlarged at the top with fine gauze to prevent from overfloating in the case of rain. All insects were captured and stored in 96.6% ethanol. The traps were operated in 15-day sampling intervals, each in June, July and August 2021. For DNA metabarcoding, the samples of each sampling interval and method were compiled. The DNA metabarcoding was performed following the method of Hausmann et al (2020): 'Toward a standardized quantitative and qualitative insect monitoring scheme. Ecology and Evolution, 10, 4009–4020'. Briefly, a lysis volume of 5-10 ml of the dried and homogenized composite samples was used for DNA extraction. The mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I gene (COI) was amplified for species identification (see Leray et al. (2013): 'A new versatile primer set targeting a short fragment of the mitochondrial COI region for metabarcoding metazoan diversity: application for characterizing coral reef fish gut contents. Frontiers in Zoology, 10, 34' and Morinière et al. (2016): 'Species Identification in Malaise Trap Samples by DNA Barcoding Based on NGS Technologies and a Scoring Matrix. PLOS ONE, 11, e0155497'. The resulting metabarcoding data contains the OTU sequences from the samples and their corresponding identities from the Barcode of Life database (BOLD, Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007), the database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) classifier. For the two databases, the overlap between the OTU sequence and the database entry determined the determination depth (97-100%: species, 95-97%: genus; 90-95%. family, 85-90%: order, 80-85%: class, 75-80%: phylum, &lt;75%: domain). Each taxonomic determination level of the RDP-classifier is additionally displayed with a bootstrap value. The table also provides data on the red list Germany and Bavaria for each entry.</p><p>The dataset is used in: Hoffmann, L. &amp; Stoll, S. (2025) Catch effectiveness, complementarity and costs of five sampling techniques for flying insects across different land use types. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 1–12. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12839</p>

Shannon Index and species richness for arthropods for 77 grassland EPs, 2008

<p>Original data comes from a project which takes or took place as part of the DFG priority program "Exploratories for large-scale and long-term functional biodiversity research". The data is stored together with descriptive metadata, in combination called a dataset, in the project repository (https://www.bexis.uni-jena.de). Species information was extracted from that original dataset. The second paragraph is part of the metadata of the original dataset.</p><p>determining the arthropods of the host plant Plantago lanceolata</p>

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