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Arctic PASSION - Polar Monthly Mean Ice Surface Temperature (AP-MMIST) for the time period 1982 to 2024

The Arctic PASSION Polar Monthly Mean IST data set (AP-MMIST) is a combined surface temperature product covering open ocean, marginal ice zone and closed sea ice areas, represented by Sea Surface Temperatures (SST), Marginal Ice Zone Temperatures (MIZT) and sea Ice Surface Temperatures (IST). Beside ocean and sea ice the data set also includes surface temperatures from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. AP-MMIST has been jointly developed and produced by Arctic PASSION WP-1 and the Sea Ice Thematic Assembly Centre (Sea Ice TAC) under the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S - service contract: 2022/C3S2_312b_MOi_SC1). The AP-MMIST is a monthly averaged temperature product based on the C3S daily IST CDR and ICDR level 3 data. The daily mean C3S IST data set is a resampled and averaged daily mean IST product using Global Area Coverage - Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) IST level 2 data as input. The level 2 and 3 CDR and ICDR data records are described in Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document (Eastwood et al., 2023). The surface temperature retrieval algorithm used to produce the basic level 2 product is a traditional split window algorithm using two Thermal InfraRed (TIR) channels to compensate for atmosphere and angular emissivity dependency. This is described in the Algorithm Theoretical Baseline Document (Eastwood et al., 2023). The level 1 TIR input data set is the full data record from the AVHRR on-board NOAA satellite platforms since 1982, as well as AVHRR records on-board Metop satellites since 2006. The product output format is NetCDF with standard attributes, following CF convention to the degree possible. The monthly data are divided into 2 monthly files, one for each hemisphere, SH and NH.

Analyse de la pollution de l'atmosphere de la ville de lausanne (FRA)

Au moyen de differents reseaux de mesure, l'evolution de la qualite de l'air est suivie tout au long de l'annee. Ces analyses sont completees par des campagnes de mesure realisees a l'aide d'equipements mobiles, ainsi que par l'etude des effets de la pollution de l'air sur les vegetaux (diagnostic de l'etat de pollution; lutte biologique anti pollution...). (FRA)

Temperature measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2022T97

Temperature and heating-induced temperature difference profiles were measured through the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean using a SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy equipped with a several meter long thermistor chain. The present dataset was recorded by SIMBA 2022T97 (original name NPOL_0803) installed on drifting sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during the expedition Kronprins Haakon AO22 in 2022. Data is available between 2022-08-06 10:38:00 and 2022-11-22 03:02:00. The thermistor chain was Variable 5 m long and included 241 sensors with a regular spacing of 2 cm. The resulting time series includes the evolution of temperature and temperature differences at 30 s and 120 s during a heating cycle of 120 s as a function of location, depth and time. The sampling intervals were usually between hourly and daily, but were most frequently configured to 6 hours for temperature, and 24 hours for temperature differences. In addition to temperatures and geographic location, barometric pressure, ~1 m air temperature, instrument tilt, and compass heading were measured. The present dataset was processed as follows: obvious inconsistencies (missing values) and unrealistic values of GPS position have been removed. This instrument was deployed as part of the project Arctic Passion.

Bodenbewertung - Wasserrückhaltevermögen (FKWe), regionalspezifisch bewertet

Die Bodenfunktion „Bestandteil des Wasserhaushaltes“ ist eine Teilfunktion der natürlichen Bodenfunktion „Bestandteil des Naturhaushalts, insbesondere mit seinen Wasser- und Nährstoffkreisläufen“ (BBodSchG, § 2, Abs. 2, Punkt 1.b). Ein Bewertungskriterium hierfür sind die allgemeinen Wasserhaushaltsverhältnisse mit dem Kennwert „Feldkapazität“, die die Menge an Wasser kennzeichnet, die im Boden entgegen der Schwerkraft zurückgehalten werden kann. Je höher das Wasserrückhaltevermögen bzw. die Feldkapazität ist, desto mehr und länger wird das Wasser dem Kreislauf Atmosphäre – Boden – Gewässer entzogen und steht bodenbezogenen Prozessen wie z. B. der Versorgung der Pflanzen mit Wasser und Nährstoffen oder Zersetzung organischer Substanz zur Verfügung. Die konkreten Werte für das Wasserrückhaltevermögen bzw. die Feldkapazität werden in fünf Stufen von sehr gering bis sehr hoch klassifiziert. Je höher das Wasserrückhaltevermögen ist, desto höher ist auch die Erfüllung der Bodenfunktion „Bestandteil des Wasserhaushaltes“. Die regionale Klassifikation gibt die dem Naturraum entsprechende Bedeutung dieser Bodenfunktionen wieder. Dies stellt bei kleinräumigen Planungen, z. B. auf Gemeindeebene oder Detail- oder Ausführungsplanungen häufig eine fachlich angemessene Grundlage dar. Um möglichst viele Nutzer zu erreichen und verschiedene Zwecke abdecken zu können, stellt das LLUR das Kartenwerk in fünf verschiedenen Maßstabsebenen bereit: 1 : 2.000 für die konkrete Landbewirtschaftung oder Bauausführung vor Ort oder für eine hochaufgelöste Planung, 1 : 25.000 für Planungen auf Gemeindeebene, 1 : 100.000 für Planungen in größeren Regionen, 1 : 250.000 für eine landesweit differenzierte Planung, 1 : 1000.000 für eine landesweite bis bundesweite Planung.

Microscale profiles of oxygen, pH and temperature through the sea surface microlayer in a mesocosm experiment during an algal bloom

The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary layer on top of all oceans and is crucial for all exchange processes between the ocean and atmosphere. This less than 1 mm thick layer is heavily influenced by biological processes and events like algal blooms. To quantify the influence of an algal bloom in a controlled environment, we conducted a mesocosm study at the Sea sURface Facility (SURF) of the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany (53.5148 °N, 8.1463°E). SURF is an 8.5 m long, 2 m wide and 1 m deep water basin, which can directly be filled with seawater from the Jade Bay, North Sea. The facility is equipped with a retractable roof, pumps for water circulation and dedicated mounts for multiple sensor systems. The mesocosm experiment was conducted from 18 May to 16 June 2023 as part of the project BASS (Biogeochemical processes and Air-sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer). SURF was filled with seawater a few days before the start of the experiment (water depth 0.7 m). The water was then filtered and the surface skimmed to remove initial pollution. To prevent particle and microbial sedimentation during the experiment, the pumps operated at low speed to maintain gentle mixing of the water column. The roof of SURF was closed during the night, while it was open during the day except when it rained. To induce an algal bloom, a mix of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicate) was added on 26 May, 30 May and 01 June. Based on the chlorophyll measurements which show the development of the bloom, three phases of the experiment were determined: the pre-bloom phase (18 May to 26 May), the bloom phase (27 May to 04 June) and the post-bloom phase (05 June to 16 June). Several physical, chemical and biological parameters were measured, which will be published in other datasets. To evaluate the impact of the algal bloom within the SML, oxygen concentration, pH, and temperature were measured in situ using microsensors (UNISENSE, Denmark) mounted on a MicroProfiling System (UNISENSE, Denmark). With this setup, direct in situ measurements inside both the thermal boundary layer and diffusion boundary layer at the sea surface can be made. One oxygen microsensor, two pH microsensors and three temperature microsensors were mounted on the microprofiler with their tips pointing upward to avoid disturbance in the SML. They were positioned a few centimeters apart. The microprofiler was used to automatically move the sensors down, from the air through the SML and into the underlying water over a total distance of 10 000 µm in steps of 125 µm (250 µm at the start of the experiment). At each depth, the sensors stayed for about 10 s, giving a mean value and a standard deviation over that time. Three of these measurements were taken at every depth before the sensor moved down to the next step. After completing a profile, the microprofiler returned to its initial position with the tips in the air to start the next profile. The resulting profiles mostly took between 40 to 50 minutes. These profiles were conducted continuously during day and night, except for small breaks to clean and if needed replace or readjust the sensors and recalibrate the pH sensors. The sensors' height required manual adjustment to position the tip precisely at the water surface (0 µm). Through this manual adjustment, small inaccuracies may occur. As a result, the sensor depth readings form the microprofiler system may not reflect the true sensor position, which can also vary between the sensors. The true sensor positions can later be obtained by analysing the measured profiles.

Bodenbewertung - Wasserrückhaltevermögen (FKWe), landesweit bewertet

Die Bodenfunktion „Bestandteil des Wasserhaushaltes“ ist eine Teilfunktion der natürlichen Bodenfunktion „Bestandteil des Naturhaushalts, insbesondere mit seinen Wasser- und Nährstoffkreisläufen“ (BBodSchG, § 2, Abs. 2, Punkt 1.b). Ein Bewertungskriterium hierfür sind die allgemeinen Wasserhaushaltsverhältnisse mit dem Kennwert „Feldkapazität“, die die Menge an Wasser kennzeichnet, die im Boden entgegen der Schwerkraft zurückgehalten werden kann. Je höher das Wasserrückhaltevermögen bzw. die Feldkapazität ist, desto mehr und länger wird das Wasser dem Kreislauf Atmosphäre – Boden – Gewässer entzogen und steht bodenbezogenen Prozessen wie z. B. der Versorgung der Pflanzen mit Wasser und Nährstoffen oder Zersetzung organischer Substanz zur Verfügung. Die konkreten Werte für das Wasserrückhaltevermögen bzw. die Feldkapazität werden in fünf Stufen von sehr gering bis sehr hoch klassifiziert. Je höher das Wasserrückhaltevermögen ist, desto höher ist auch die Erfüllung der Bodenfunktion „Bestandteil des Wasserhaushaltes“. Vor allem bei großräumigeren oder die Naturraumgrenzen überschreitenden Planungen, stellt eine Übersicht nach (landesweit) einheitlichen Klassifikationen, die nicht naturräumlich differenziert sind, häufig eine fachlich angemessene Grundlage dar. Um möglichst viele Nutzer zu erreichen und verschiedene Zwecke abdecken zu können, stellt das LLUR das Kartenwerk in fünf verschiedenen Maßstabsebenen bereit: 1 : 2.000 für die konkrete Landbewirtschaftung oder Bauausführung vor Ort oder für eine hochaufgelöste Planung, 1 : 25.000 für Planungen auf Gemeindeebene, 1 : 100.000 für Planungen in größeren Regionen, 1 : 250.000 für eine landesweit differenzierte Planung, 1 : 1000.000 für eine landesweite bis bundesweite Planung.

DavisShip system (DShip) measurements in NetCDF format including weather station, thermosalinograph, ferrybox and navigation system gathered during Polarstern cruise PS147

The ship campaign PS147 (Atlantic Transit) with the German research vessel Polarstern took place from 12 March to 14 April 2025. The transit proceeded from Stanley, Falkland Islands, to Bremerhaven, Germany, with a stopover in Mindelo, Cape Verde, dividing the campaign into two sections, PS147/1 and PS147/2. During the voyage, several climate zones were crossed, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Here, we present data from the ship-integrated instruments within the DavisShip system (DShip), including meteorological parameters from the weather station as well as ship position and orientation from the navigation system. These data form part of a series of standardized datasets of atmospheric observations collected during the PS147 campaign.

Organic parameters obtained from Röttingen core

The total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total sulfur (TS) were determined using a LECO CS-230 system (Laboratory Equipment Corporation). Samples were heated up to 2000 °C under an oxygen atmosphere and an infrared detector subsequently measured the amount of produced CO₂ and SO₂. TOC was measured the same way after removing inorganic carbonates using 10 % HCl solution at 80 °C. Rock-Eval Pyrolyses were performed on a Rock-Eval-6 analyser (Vinci Technologies) using up to 180 mg initial sample material and a standard program (Espitalié et al., 1977; Lafargue et al., 1998), starting isothermal with 300°C for 3 min, succeeded by a heating rate of 25°C/min up to 650°C. Standard deviations for hydrogen indices (HI) and Tmax values are ± 5 % and ± 2°C, respectively.

Organic parameters obtained from Metzingen core

The total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total sulfur (TS) were determined using a LECO CS-230 system (Laboratory Equipment Corporation). Samples were heated up to 2000 °C under an oxygen atmosphere and an infrared detector subsequently measured the amount of produced CO₂ and SO₂. TOC was measured the same way after removing inorganic carbonates using 10 % HCl solution at 80 °C. Rock-Eval Pyrolyses were performed on a Rock-Eval-6 analyser (Vinci Technologies) using up to 180 mg initial sample material and a standard program (Espitalié et al., 1977; Lafargue et al., 1998), starting isothermal with 300°C for 3 min, succeeded by a heating rate of 25°C/min up to 650°C. Standard deviations for hydrogen indices (HI) and Tmax values are ± 5 % and ± 2°C, respectively.

Atmospheric measurements gathered during Polarstern cruise PS147

The ship campaign PS147 (Atlantic Transit) with the German research vessel Polarstern took place from 12 March to 14 April 2025. The transit proceeded from Stanley, Falkland Islands, to Bremerhaven, Germany, with a stopover in Mindelo, Cape Verde, dividing the campaign into two sections, PS147/1 and PS147/2. During the voyage, several climate zones were crossed, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Here, we present a series of standardised data sets of the atmospheric observations gathered during the PS147 campaign.

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