Die Firma MAN Truck & Bus AG betreibt am Standort Vogelweiherstraße 33, Nürnberg aktuell in den Gebäuden A93/A96/A100 96 Motorenprüfstände zu Forschungs- und Entwicklungszwecken. Geprüft werden Gas-und Dieselmotoren verschiedener Bautypen mit unterschiedlichen Leistungen für verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche. Ziel der Prüfungen ist die Weiterentwicklung der Motoren und -komponenten für den weltweiten Markt. Die 96 Motorenprüfstände haben eine mechanische Zellennennleistung von gesamt 52.800 kW bzw. eine Gesamt-Feuerungswärmeleistung von 49.200 kW mit den Brennstoffen Diesel, CNG und weiteren Gasen. MAN beabsichtigt die Neuausrichtung der o.g. Prüfstandgebäude zu einem multifunktionalen Prüffeld umzubauen. Dazu erfolgen folgende Umbauten: • 35 Motorenprüfstände im Gebäude A93 werden zurückgebaut. Auf den frei werdenden Flächen werden künftig lithiumbasierte Batteriezellen, von Prototyp bis hin zur Kleinserie, zu größeren Modulen, sog. Batterie-Packs, montiert und geprüft. Diese Tätigkeiten sind nicht genehmigungsrelevant i.S.d. 4.BImSchV. • Ein Prüfstand in A93 wird zusätzlich mit Erdgasversorgung ausgerüstet. • Die Prüfstande 122, 123 und 125 in A96 erhalten eine größere Belastungseinheit („Bremse“) und damit eine höhere Zellennennleistung. Die Abgasableitungen der Prüfstände 123 und 125 werden an die neuen Bedingungen angepasst. • Einzelne Prüfstände werden mit Erdgas und/oder Wasserstoff bzw.-gemischen nachgerüstet • Bei wenigen Prüfstände wird die „Gleichzeitigkeit“ (tatsächliche Betriebsleistung) angepasst • Nebeneinrichtungen werden entsprechend neu errichtet (Mischanlage für Kraft-stoffe) oder angepasst (Verdunstungskühlanlagen) Künftig werden 61 Prüfstände mit einer Zellennennleistung von 36.100 kW und einer Gesamt-Feuerungswärmeleistung von 36.650 kW betrieben.
Background Diagnosis of pollen allergies is mainly based on test allergens for skin prick testing. In the minimum battery of test inhalant allergens recommended by the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network ten pollen allergens are included. Complementary, other pollen allergens may need to be considered, however, respective awareness may not always be granted. Furthermore, at least in Germany, the situation may be even more complicated by the fact that test allergens need regulatory approval. A decline of commercially available test allergens may result in a diagnostic gap regarding patients with non-frequent allergies. How many patients with non-frequent pollen allergies would be affected by this gap? The data presented here partly answer this question. Method The study consisted of a descriptive and an analytical part. In the descriptive part, sensitization to frequent pollen allergens (alder, hazel, birch, sweet grasses; according to the German Therapy Allergen Ordinance) and to respective non-frequent pollen allergens (cypress, Japanese cedar, ash, plane tree, olive, Bermuda grass, wall pellitory, plantain, goosefoot, mugwort, ragweed and saltwort) were measured in adult patients with physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis from two German federal states, namely North-Rhine Westphalia (n=360) and Bavaria (n=339), using skin prick testing and/or ISAC technology. Furthermore, respective regional pollen data were assessed. In the analytical part, sensitization data were correlated with each other and with anamnestic data on symptom periods. Results Sensitization to frequent pollen allergens ranged from 45 % (sIgE to Aln g 1/alder, NRW) to 72 % (prick test reactivity to birch, NRW). Sensitization to non-frequent pollen allergens ranged from 0 % (sIgE to Amb a 1/ragweed, NRW) to 41 % (prick test reactivity to olive, Bavaria). Sensitization data partly correlated with each other and in connection with symptom periods showed a partly similar seasonal pattern as pollen data. Conclusion Sensitization to non-frequent pollen allergens have to be considered when examining patients with respective seasonal symptoms, and test (and respective therapy) allergens for non-frequent pollen allergies need to be available. Further prerequisites for adequate patient management would be a nationwide pollen monitoring system giving continuous pollen data and a systematic sensitization monitoring at patient level. Quelle: www.eaaci2022.process.y-congress.com
In order to enforce producer responsibility under waste law against producers of electrical and electronic equipment, batteries and packaging from countries outside the EU, so-called third countries, a new study recommends adding two new actors into the law and create a compulsory verification for them. Producers from third countries mostly sell their products in Europe via electronic marketplaces and have them stored and shipped by fulfilment service providers. The operators of the electronic marketplaces and the fulfilment service providers have so far not met any obligations from the ElektroG, BattG and VerpackG, as they are neither producers nor distributors. However, they are the first players on European soil who make a significant contribution to placing products from third countries onto the market in Europe. It is therefore necessary to provide them with the obligation to check whether the producers of these products are fulfilling their producer responsibility and, for example, are correctly registered according to the ElektroG. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 191/2020.
Background Diagnosis of pollen allergies is mainly based on test allergens for skin prick testing. In the minimum battery of test inhalant allergens recommended by the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network 10 pollen allergens are included. Complementary other pollen allergens may need to be considered; however, respective awareness may not always be granted. Furthermore, at least in Germany, the situation may be even more complicated by the fact that test allergens need regulatory approval. A decline in commercially available test allergens may result in a diagnostic gap regarding patients with non-frequent allergies. How many patients with non-frequent pollen allergies would be affected by this gap? The data presented here partly answer this question. Methods The study consisted of a descriptive and an analytical part. In the descriptive part, sensitization to frequent pollen allergens (alder, hazel, birch, sweet grasses; according to the German Therapy Allergen Ordinance) and to respective non-frequent pollen allergens (cypress, Japanese cedar, ash, plane tree, olive, Bermuda grass, wall pellitory, plantain, goosefoot, mugwort, ragweed, and saltwort) was measured in adult patients with physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis from two German federal states, namely North-Rhine Westphalia (n = 360) and Bavaria (n = 339), using skin prick testing and/or ISAC technology. Furthermore, respective regional pollen data were assessed. In the analytical part, sensitization data were correlated with each other and with anamnestic data on symptom periods. Results Sensitization to frequent pollen allergens ranged from 45% (sIgE to Aln g 1/Alder, NRW) to 72% (prick test reactivity to birch, NRW). Sensitization to non-frequent pollen allergens ranged from 0% (sIgE to Amb a 1/ragweed, NRW) to 41% (prick test reactivity to olive, Bavaria). Sensitization data partly correlated with each other and in connection with symptom periods showed a partly similar seasonal pattern as pollen data. Conclusions Sensitization to non-frequent pollen allergens have to be considered when examining patients with respective seasonal symptoms, and test (and respective therapy) allergens for non-frequent pollen allergies need to be available. Further prerequisites for adequate patient management would be a nationwide pollen monitoring system giving continuous pollen data and a systematic sensitization monitoring at patient level. © The Authors.
ERGO (EndocRine Guideline Optimization) is the acronym of a European Union-funded research and innovation action, that aims to break down the wall between mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate regulatory testing of endocrine disruptors (EDs), by identifying, developing and aligning thyroid-related biomarkers and endpoints (B/E) for the linkage of effects between vertebrate classes. To achieve this, an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network covering various modes of thyroid hormone disruption (THD) in multiple vertebrate classes will be developed. The AOP development will be based on existing and new data from in vitro and in vivo experiments with fish, amphibians and mammals, using a battery of different THDs. This will provide the scientifically plausible and evidence-based foundation for the selection of B/E and assays in lower vertebrates, predictive of human health outcomes. These assays will be prioritized for validation at OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) level. ERGO will re-think ED testing strategies from in silico methods to in vivo testing and develop, optimize and validate existing in vivo and early life-stage OECD guidelines, as well as new in vitro protocols for THD. This strategy will reduce requirements for animal testing by preventing duplication of testing in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates and increase the screening capacity to enable more chemicals to be tested for ED properties. © 2020 by the authors
A range of studies on nationally determined contributions (NDC) of parties to the Paris Agreement disclose, that temperature objectives of the Paris Agreement are not in reach if current NDCs are implemented. A new study, commissioned by German Environment Agency, compares pre2015 and latest levelized cost projections and shows, that certain key mitigation technologies, i.e. power generation from renewables and lithium batteries, will become substantially cheaper by 2025/2030 since the preparation of NDCs. Thus, parties to the Paris Agreement are now in the position to review and strengthen their NDCs by 2020 during the Talanoa Dialog. Veröffentlicht in Climate Change | 24/2018.
A range of studies on nationally determined contributions (NDC) of parties to the Paris Agreement disclose, that temperature objectives of the Paris Agreement are not in reach if current NDCs are implemented. A new study, commissioned by German Environment Agency, compares pre2015 and latest levelized cost projections and shows, that certain key mitigation technologies, i.e. power generation from renewables and lithium batteries, will become substantially cheaper by 2025/2030 since the preparation of NDCs. Thus, parties to the Paris Agreement are now in the position to review and strengthen their NDCs by 2020 during the Talanoa Dialog. Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de
Construction products are in contact with water (e.g., rain, seepage water) during their service lifetime and may release potentially harmful compounds by leaching processes. Monitoring studies showed that compounds attributed to construction products are found in storm water and the receiving bodies of water and that the release of biocides in urban areas can be comparable to the input of pesticides from agricultural uses. Therefore, a prospective risk assessment of such products is necessary. Laboratory leaching tests have been developed by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 351 and are ready to use. One major task in the future will be the evaluation of the leaching test results, as concentrations found in laboratory experiments are not directly comparable to the field situations. Another task will be the selection of compounds to be considered for construction products, which are often a complex mixture and contain additives, pigments, stabilization agents, etc. The formulations of the products may serve as a starting point, but total content is a poor predictor for leachability, and analysis of the eluates is necessary. In some cases, non-targeted approaches might be required to identify compounds in the eluates. In the identification process, plausibility checks referring to available information should be included. Ecotoxicological tests are a complementary method to test eluates, and the combined effects of all compounds-including degradation products-are included. A bio test battery has been applied in a round robin test and was published in a guidance document. Published studies on the ecotoxicity of construction products show the tests' suitability to distinguish between products with small and larger effects on the environment. Quelle: https://link.springer.com
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are mutualistic symbionts considered a key group in soil systems involved in the provision of several ecosystem services. Recently they have been listed by EFSA as organisms to be included in the test battery for the risk assessment of plant protection product (PPPs). This study aimed to contribute to improve the ISO Protocol (ISO 10832: 2009) by assessing the feasibility of using other AMF species under different test conditions. Overall, results showed that AMF species Gigaspora albida and Rhizophagus clarus (selected out of five AMF species) are suitable to be used in spore germination tests using the ISO protocol (14 days incubation with sand or artificial soil as substrate) to test PPPs. However, several modifications to the protocol were made in order to accommodate the use of the tested isolates, namely the incubation temperature (28†˚C instead of 24†˚C) and the change of reference substance (boric acid instead of cadmium nitrate). The need for these changes, plus the results obtained with the three fungicides tested (chlorothalonil, mancozeb and metalaxyl-M) and comparisons made with literature on the relevance of the origin of AMF isolates in dictating the adequate test conditions, emphasize the importance of adjusting test conditions (AMF species/isolates and test temperature) when assessing effects for prospective risk assessment targeting different climatic zones. So, further studies should be conducted with different AMF species and isolates from different climatic regions, in order to better define which species/isolate and test conditions should be used to assess effects of a particular PPP targeting a given climatic zone. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
The numbers of potential neurotoxicants in the environment are raising and pose a great risk for humans and the environment. Currently neurotoxicity assessment is mostly performed to predict and prevent harm to human populations. Despite all the efforts invested in the last years in developing novel in vitro or in silico test systems, in vivo tests with rodents are still the only accepted test for neurotoxicity risk assessment in Europe. Despite an increasing number of reports of species showing altered behaviour, neurotoxicity assessment for species in the environment is not required and therefore mostly not performed. Considering the increasing numbers of environmental contaminants with potential neurotoxic potential, eco-neurotoxicity should be also considered in risk assessment. In order to do so novel test systems are needed that can cope with species differences within ecosystems. In the field, online-biomonitoring systems using behavioural information could be used to detect neurotoxic effects and effect-directed analyses could be applied to identify the neurotoxicants causing the effect. Additionally, toxic pressure calculations in combination with mixture modelling could use environmental chemical monitoring data to predict adverse effects and prioritize pollutants for laboratory testing. Cheminformatics based on computational toxicological data from in vitro and in vivo studies could help to identify potential neurotoxicants. An array of in vitro assays covering different modes of action could be applied to screen compounds for neurotoxicity. The selection of in vitro assays could be guided by AOPs relevant for eco-neurotoxicity. In order to be able to perform risk assessment for eco-neurotoxicity, methods need to focus on the most sensitive species in an ecosystem. A test battery using species from different trophic levels might be the best approach. To implement eco-neurotoxicity assessment into European risk assessment, cheminformatics and in vitro screening tests could be used as first approach to identify eco-neurotoxic pollutants. In a second step, a small species test battery could be applied to assess the risks of ecosystems. Quelle: Verlagsinformation
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