Das Projekt "The Cumacea of the Antarctic deep-sea expeditions ANDEEP I to III" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum durchgeführt. During the Antarctic expeditions ANDEEP I and II (January to April 2002) and ANDEEP III (January to April 2005) epibenthic sledge (EBS) samples were taken from different Antarctic deep-sea basins. In total 7026 specimens of Cumacea were sorted from the epibenthic sledge samples of the ANDEEP I to III expeditions, and from all samples of the ANT XV/3 expedition. The DIVA-1 project (Meteor Expedition Me 48/1 to the Angola Basin, July 2000) investigated the deep-sea basin off Angola and resulted in 41 new species of the order Cumacea. Only one species was already known (Mühlenhardt-Siegel 2003, 2005 a, b, c, d, e). It seems therefore reasonable to expect many new species from the deep-sea basins of the Southern Ocean. Cumacea were frequently found in the benthic community of the deep-sea basins; within the peracarid crustaceans they ranked third in abundance after Amphipoda and Isopoda. The Cumacea are an important subject for biogeographical studies, as well as for diversity, distribution, faunal overlap and colonisation of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and the adjacent deep-sea basins because they have a benthic life style and - as all peracarids - no free larvae, resulting in a limited active and passive distribution.
Das Projekt "DOMINO Dynamics of benthic organic matter fluxes in polar deep-ocean environments" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung e.V. in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (AWI) durchgeführt.
Das Projekt "Exzellenzcluster 80 (EXC): Ozean der Zukunft" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR), Forschungsbereich 2: Marine Biogeochemie, Forschungseinheit Marine Geosysteme durchgeführt. The existing O2 Eddy Correlation (EC) systems will be modified to log in a fully non-invasive way, besides dissolved oxygen (DO) and velocity, also rapid temperature fluctuations. The coupling of heat flux and DO flux will be used to determine if, and to which extend, DO fluctuations are indeed due to active turbulence or to non-active (fossil) signals. We will gain knowledge of temperature dependencies of DO fluxes and we expect to be able to express the DO fluxes as a function of the heat fluxes and predict DO fluxes for varying benthic temperatures. By integrating also water column microstructure profiler data we will obtain important information on the oxygen dynamics.
Das Projekt "Exzellenzcluster 80 (EXC): Ozean der Zukunft" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR), Forschungsbereich 1: Ozeanzirkulation und Klimadynamik, Forschungseinheit Paläo-Ozeanographie durchgeführt. Foraminifera dwelling in the Baltic Sea are especially sensitive to ocean acidification due to the low carbonate saturation levels. An enhanced shell loss in living benthic foraminifera was observed in Flensburg Fjord during summer 2006. This project aims (1) to better constrain the factors influencing carbonate saturation and foraminiferal shell loss and (2) to establish the reaction of the foraminifer Ammonia beccarii to different pCO2 in seawater. For these purposes seasonal changes in pH, total alkalinity (TA) and foraminiferal communities will be monitored over the year 2009. We also will culture A. beccarii in order to determine their calcification rates under different pCO2, and to establish the critical thresholds for calcification and growth.
Das Projekt "Teilprojekt C" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung durchgeführt. Diese Studie soll die Relevanz submariner Grundwasseraustritte vor der Küste Südafrikas als direkte terrestrische Einflüsse auf die Funktion und Struktur benthischer Lebensgemeinschaften bewerten, sowie die Biodiversität dieser charakterisieren. Derartige Austritte können durch die Auswirkung auf physiologische Effekte von Benthosorganismen anhaltend die Biodiversität beeinflussen. Die Analyse der Benthogemeinschaften und möglicher Schlüsselorganismen erfolgt durch Probenahmen-Kampagnen und Laboruntersuchungen. Das Sub-project ergänzt die Bewertung der Belastung nähr- und schadstoffgeladener Grundwasserquellen auf marine Ökosysteme und damit das Ressourcen- und Landnutzungsmanagement. Die detaillierte Arbeitsplanung ist dem Vollantrag und dem darin enthaltenen Diagramm zu entnehmen. Das SP3 gliedert sich in vier Messkampagnen, wobei im Vorfeld vier 'Exemplary Study Areas' (ESA) gemeinschaftlich festgelegt werden. Auf jeder der vier Messkampagnen wird ein Stationsnetz mit Stationen innerhalb der SGD-Austrittsgebiete und außerhalb in rein marinen Referenzgebieten abgefahren. Das ausgewählte Stationsnetz wird auf Grundlage des terrestrischen Reliefs, der abiotischen Faktoren und der Ergebnisse aus SP1, 2 und 4 aufgestellt. Bei der Beprobung kommen standardmäßig Van Veen Greifer und Handgreifer vom Boot aus zum Einsatz. Im Anschluss an jede Beprobung werden sowohl in Kooperation mit dem CSIR noch vor Ort als auch später in Rostock die Proben und Daten bearbeitet und ausgewertet.
Das Projekt "Sub project: Impact of climate variability on the bentho-pelagic coupling in a large river" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH - UFZ, Themenbereich Wasserressourcen und Umwelt, Department für Fließgewässerökologie durchgeführt. Benthic consumers can play an important role in controlling plankton in river systems. The degree of the loss to the benthos is strongly dependent on climate related factors, i.e. temperature and rain fall (water level). Mismatches in the balance between the growth of planktonic organisms and their loss induced by the benthos might strongly influence the ecosystem function. Here we aim to provide a data to explain and predict the benthic impact on the development of different plankton groups in response to changing climate conditions using River Rhine as a model system. Under normal conditions the trophic interactions between benthic and pelagic communities in rivers are much closer than in standing waters. Different approaches including field studies as well as experiments on the bentho-pelagic coupling will be applied. The experiments will be conducted in different flow channels including river bypass systems in order to estimate the impact of benthic key species and benthic communities on the different plankton groups under changing temperature condition. The spatial and temporal dynamics of potential benthic consumers (especially among the biofilm-associated fauna) will be investigated in the field. In addition, based on a long term sampling campaign, the analysis of the dynamics of significant plankton groups will be continued with focus on the impact of climate variations on the plankton composition. If there are significant changes in the matches/mismatches of bentho-pelagic interactions this would have tremendous influences on the functioning of river systems (degradation of organic compounds, etc.). The major aim of our study will be the analysis of conditions for possible mismatches. River systems are generally expected to face the greatest environmental changes with global climatic changes compared to lake or marine systems.
Das Projekt "Exzellenzcluster 80 (EXC): Ozean der Zukunft" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR), Forschungsbereich 2: Marine Biogeochemie, Forschungseinheit biologische Ozeanographie durchgeführt. Recent measurements of surprisingly high summer pCO2values above 1,000 ìatm in surface waters of the inner Kiel Fjord prompt us to investigate the carbonate chemistry of this region in more detail. We propose to follow the Kiel Bay carbonate system over an entire seasonal cycle. In order to assess the effects of fluctuating pH/pCO2 on key marine organisms in affected surface waters, we plan to simultaneously study acid-base status and calcification performance of the dominant benthic invertebrate, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis.
Das Projekt "Exzellenzcluster 80 (EXC): Ozean der Zukunft" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Kiel, Institut für Ökosystemforschung, Abteilung Polarökologie durchgeführt. Sea temperature is a major environmental factor controlling the distribution and metabolism of benthic organisms. It is well established that cold-water species from both deepsea and polar regions are adapted to low ambient temperatures but mostly exhibit a rather narrow physiological temperature tolerance (Clarke & Fraser 2004). Hence, even small changes in temperature are likely to have a large effect on the metabolism of those species and, at a community level, might alter the partitioning of the benthic carbon and energy flow pattern at a community level (Piepenburg et al. 1996). Moreover, as climate change will not only lead to a pronounced temperature rise but also to a significant decrease in pH (ocean acidification) and, at local scales, salinity (e.g., the temperatureinduced freshwater release), the synergetic impacts of these interacting abiotic parameters on one or a few leverage species are expected to cause sweeping community-level changes (Harley et al. 2006). As such shifts are difficult to study and predict at this level, particularly in remote cold-water environments, we propose to start with examining the short-term response (at a level of hours to days) of the metabolism of benthic organisms to changes in temperature, salinity and pH, combining an experimental approach and a small-scale field study.
Das Projekt "DNA barcoding of benthic invertebrates from Lake Sevan (Armenia)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander König - Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere durchgeführt. Lake Sevan, the only large water reservoir within the South Caucasus, is under severe ecological pressure, and understanding the species composition of the lake and especially the rivers of its drainage basin is of central importance to inform natural resource management decisions in Armenia. Due to the limited capacity in the area for exact and fast taxonomic identification of benthic invertebrates, we started to compile a DNA barcode reference database of aquatic arthropods from the Lake Sevan drainage basin, spearheaded by Dr. Marine Dallakyan from Yerevan's Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology (Armenian Academy of Sciences), whose first visit to ZFMK has been financed by DAAD. The project is closely linked to the efforts undertaken and planned within the GGBC(link is external) project. The project results are aimed at making future standardized assessment of aquatic biodiversity monitoring in Armenia and the Caucasus easier, faster, and more reliable.
Das Projekt "The legacy of Southern Ocean past: evolutionary history and genetic diversity of benthic Crustacea on the Antarctic shelf" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung e.V. in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (AWI) durchgeführt. The ongoing project is studying the evolutionary history of the Antarctic benthos and suprabenthos to determine the processes that shaped it historically. As model systems we use marine crustaceans from the Antarctic Shelf (East and West Antarctica) with different life histories ranging from brooding to holoplanktonic forms. The project comprises phylogenetic, phylogeographic and population genetic methods to study radiations of genera and species, reconstruct their colonization pathways on the Antarctic Shelf, determine biogeographic boundaries on the shelf, and assess signatures of historic events such as population expansions and bottlenecks. In the last third of the project we will specifically test whether distribution of genetic variation is congruent with expectations based on major oceanographic currents and whether concurrent genetic discontinuities can be identified among species, which can then be interpreted as the result of events in their common environmental history (e.g. glaciations). The taxa included in our analyses are studied in the broadest sense, complementing them as much as possible with representatives from outside Antarctica to understand phylogenetic relationships and mode and age of colonization(s) of the Antarctic Shelf. The project also makes an active contribution to ongoing barcoding efforts of Antarctic marine fauna by providing mitochondrial sequences of a large number of Antarctic Crustacea. With the assessment of both, today s intra- and interspecific genetic diversity of Antarctic crustaceans, our research project provides important baseline information for monitoring species composition and studying response to rapid Antarctic climate change.
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