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Russland muss Greenpeace entschädigen

Am 24. August 2015 entschied das Ständige Schiedsgericht in Den Haag, dass Russland nach der Beschlagnahmung des Greenpeace-Schiff "Artic-Sunrise" und der Festnahme der Besatzung im September 2013 gegen internationales Recht verstieß und Schadenersatz an die Niederlande zahlen muss.

Weltweit demonstrierten Wissenschaftler beim "March for Science"

Am 22. April 2017, dem "Earth Day", nahmen welweit in mehr als 600 Städten Menschen am “March for Science” teil, allein in Deutschland gingen etwa 37.000 Teilnehmer in 22 Städten für die Freiheit von Wissenschaft und Forschung auf die Straße. Der March for Science ist eine unabhängige Initiative, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, auf die Gefahren durch populistische Tendenzen hinzuweisen und für die Freiheit von Wissenschaft und Forschung auf der ganzen Welt zu demonstrieren. Nahezu alle wichtigen Wissenschaftsinstitutionen in Deutschland wie die Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, der DAAD oder die Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft hatten im Vorfeld ihre Unterstützung erklärt. Die Vorstände vieler dieser Institutionen waren als Redner bei den unterschiedlichen Kundgebungen zu hören. Die zentrale Veranstaltung fand jedoch in der US-Hauptstadt Washington statt Nach dem Amtsantritt von US-Präsident Donald Trump wächst vor allem in den USA die Angst vor einer neuen Ära der "alternativen Fakten". Aber auch in der der EU wird die freie Wissenschaft immer stärker eingeschränkt, kritisiert die Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission in einer Pressemitteilung zum weltweiten „March for Science“. Regierungen entwerten die erzielten Erkenntnisse, streichen öffentliche Fördermittel, beschlagnahmen Forschungsergebnisse und besetzen wissenschaftliche Positionen politisch. Datenmaterial wird zensiert und Presseauskünfte verboten.

Influence of plant biodiversity on soil carbon storage

Das Projekt "Influence of plant biodiversity on soil carbon storage" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie durchgeführt. With respect to climate change sequestration of atmospheric carbon in soils is a major global task. So far the influence of plant diversity on carbon storage and consequently on humus chemistry in managed grasslands is not well understood. However, known effects of plant diversity on litter quality and quantity and on the diversity of soil organisms, as the main decomposers, indicate that plant diversity may influence carbon storage. Therefore we will investigate the amount and isotopic content of soil organic matter in depth profiles of soil and dissolved organic matter transported to the groundwater in dependence of biodiversity. Additionally on selected plots we will use 14C measurements to determine mean residence times of soil organic matter. Finally in a new approach combining thermal degradation of organic matter and compound specific isotope measurements, we will determine the source, plant versus microbial, of carbon stored in soil and exported to the groundwater.

Sub project: The Mid-Miocene 'Monterey Event': A global productivity increase?

Das Projekt "Sub project: The Mid-Miocene 'Monterey Event': A global productivity increase?" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Institut für Geologie durchgeführt. We investigate the Mid-Miocene 'Monterey Event' (Vincent and Berger, 1985), a positive carbon isotope excursion of 4.5 my duration, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the processes that control the distribution of carbon in the terrestrial, atmospheric and marine reservoirs. This delta 13C excursion during a period of extreme warmth has been attributed to the enhanced sequestration of organic carbon in the margins of the northern Pacific ocean (op.cit.). We aim to clarify whether pelagic sediments also reflect increased productivity that might have contributed to the delta 13C shift. If this is the case, we further aim to identify the sources of nutrients responsible for a 4.5 m.y. period of globally increased productivity. Finally, we aim to investigate if productivity variations can be related to pCO2atm variations (as proposed by Pagani et al.(1999)), by means of delta 13C analyses of bulk marine organic matter in our samples by D. Groecke (fractionation between delta 13Ccarb and delta 13Corg).

Fuel-Switch Project in the North-West of Russia

Das Projekt "Fuel-Switch Project in the North-West of Russia" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. The objective of the JI project was to replace the outdated and inefficient municipal heating installations running on coal by modern wood-fired boilers. Replacement has been done for the 43 MW capacity required for the heat supply to a town. As the wood fuel comes from sustainably managed forests GHG emissions from coal firing are avoided. Additionally, methane emissions from landfills are prevented. GFA ENVEST developed the Joint Implementation Project according to the UNFCCC modalities, covering the renewable energy component and the methane emission reduction component.The Onega JI project was the second Russian JI project that passed the JI validation process. Services provided: Identification of Project Location. Biomass Supply Assessment: Location analysis/forest resource analysis; Standing forest stock; Review of available waste wood stocks in the region; Economic and Financial Feasibility: Analysis of carbon and biomass benefits; Analysis of switching fuel systems in the identified location. Baseline Study Package for the Fuel-Switch Project: Environmental Assessment; Social Assessment; Review of the legislation to facilitate the switching of fuel source for heating purposes; Review current legislation and regulation of the energy, forestry, and environmental sectors as well as all regulations and laws affecting budgetary process and use by government of additional revenues; Intergrated stakeholder consultations. Baseline Study (BLS): Monitoring plan; Emission Reduction and Sequestration Study (ERSS); projections of the ERs that can reasonably be expected to be generated by the Project; Support for permissions, approvals and registration of the Joint Implementation project by relevant national and international authorities; Support to the project investor on monitoring and verification of emission reductions; accompanying Designated Operational Entity during the verification process; Marketing of Emission Reduction Units and Voluntary Emission Reductions on behalf of project investor; Assistance to the project investor during Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement negotiations.

Production and sequestration of dissolved organic carbon in the Weddel Sea: Tracing deep-water formation with molecular methods

Das Projekt "Production and sequestration of dissolved organic carbon in the Weddel Sea: Tracing deep-water formation with molecular methods" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Stiftung Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung e.V. in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (AWI) durchgeführt. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the oceans contains about the same amount of carbon as the global biomass or atmospheric CO2. Although it is clear that DOM exhibits an average age of several thousand years, sources and preservation mechanisms of DOM remain a missing link in models of global elemental cycles. The polar oceans are a primary source of DOM to the deep ocean because surface waters efficiently convect down to the oceans bottom. Deepwater formation is directly linked to sea-ice formation, when salt is rejected and dense brine enriched waters penetrate the deep ocean. Sea ice is one of the most productive marine environments, and DOM concentrations in the brine are among the highest measured in marine waters. The molecular characteristics of DOM in sea ice are widely unknown, and it is not clear whether sea-ice-derived DOM is persistent enough to survive downward transport. Based on preliminary data we roughly estimate that ca50 Tg of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may be exported annually from the surface Weddell Sea into the abyssal ocean.

INI 1128575 STP-2: Fate of Plant Residues in Soil Organic Matter Pools under Contrast Land Use as Evaluated by Two Tracer Techniques

Das Projekt "INI 1128575 STP-2: Fate of Plant Residues in Soil Organic Matter Pools under Contrast Land Use as Evaluated by Two Tracer Techniques" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bayreuth, Fachgruppe Geowissenschaften, Bayreuther Zentrum für Ökologie und Umweltforschung (BayCEER), Lehrstuhl für Agrarökosystemforschung durchgeführt. Soil C sequestration through changes in land use and management is one of the important strategies to mitigate the global greenhouse effect. Plant residue is the primary source of C formation and sequestration in soil. The relative contribution of residues depends upon composition and decomposability of litter which is a function of lad use and management. The present project is conceived with objective to evaluate the fate of plant residue in soil C influenced by different land-use management practices. Ultimate aim to sketch policy for appropriate management practices, which would facilitate enrichment of C stock in soils for maintaining soil health and fertility as well as mitigation of global warming by C sequestration. Management practices like intensity of tilling and no tillage have a definite effect on SOC stock; it would be considered as pertinent management practice for residue derived C-turnover. To fulfil the objective as stated, representative soil samples will be collected under various land covers/uses and management practices and analysed for important physico chemical properties e.g. pH, CEC, clay content, bulk density, soil water storage, and soil porosity are the important soil physical parameters which influences C load in soil. Different pools of C viz. total SOC (Ctot), Water stable aggregates, labile fractions of oxidisable organic carbon etc. will be studied to know the C stock and its distribution in soil. Impact of added plant residue on C sequestration and C dynamics of plant residues decomposition in contrast land use will be analyzed and quantified by using 14C labelled plant residues as well as 13C natural abundance and allow for differentiation between residues-derived carbon and native SOC. Labeled microbial biomass C and mineralizable C, acetone exactable reside, 14C and d13C in CO2 and in SOM pool will be measured that may provide precise estimates of residues decomposition rates and contribution in soil organic C. Microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and mineralizable carbon (Cmin) measured as early indicators of future trends in total SOM as it provides a good measure of labile organic matter because it directly reflects recent soil organic matter turnover. Data on biomass productivity will also be collected from those sites. Results would help us to know the relative efficiency of different land use managements for organic C enrichment or depletion in soils.

Connecting processes and structures driving the landscape carbon dynamics over scales (LandScales)

Das Projekt "Connecting processes and structures driving the landscape carbon dynamics over scales (LandScales)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V., Institut für Landschaftswasserhaushalt durchgeführt. LandScales integrates the aquatic and terrestrial perspectives of landscape carbon dynamics within a multidisciplinary collaborative research environment, by characterising structures, processes, and fluxes across scales. The goal is to characterise carbon sequestration and release in a moraine landscape representative of landscapes of glacial origin. A major point is the scaling of carbon fluxes and underlying mechanisms from the plot to the landscape level by accounting for spatio-temporal heterogeneity of structures and functions, and to address the uncertainties of scaling approaches. These objectives are vital for optimising the C sequestration at the landscape scale and for sustaining an important ecosystem service.

ovative In Situ CO2 Capture Technology for Solid Fuel Gasification (ISCC)

Das Projekt "ovative In Situ CO2 Capture Technology for Solid Fuel Gasification (ISCC)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät für Energietechnik, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Dampfkesselwesen durchgeführt. The project aims to develop a new process facilitating the capture and subsequent sequestration of CO2. This shall be done with a solid sorbent which absorbs the CO2 during the coal gasification process. The sorbent will be regenerated in a separate unit in order to release concentrated (deeper 95 percent CO2). Gaseous products are the CO2 ready for sequestration and H2 which can be used in a gas turbine or, in the future, in a fuel cell. The Solid product is a pre-calcined ash/sorbent mixture which might be used as a feed for the cement industry, thereby considerably reducing the energy consumption and the CO2 emissions of the cement industry.

Exzellenzcluster 80 (EXC): Ozean der Zukunft

Das Projekt "Exzellenzcluster 80 (EXC): Ozean der Zukunft" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Informatik durchgeführt. Summary of Goals: Computational mathematics has become a key technology in the design of predictive climate models. It is essential for the quality and also for the calibration and robust evaluation of predictive climate models. However, a vivid and systematic flow of methods from modern mathematics and computer science to climate modelling is still missing. As a first step to bridge this interdisciplinary gap, this proposal will apply modern computational mathematics to the calibration, assessment, and simulation of the marine ecosystem components to be coupled into the excellence cluster s climate model, with particular emphasis on better understanding the ocean carbon cycle. The proposal links platform P1 (Numerical Simulation) with A3 (Ocean CO2-Uptake). It further provides the foundation for coupling realistic representations of the marine carbon cycle to atmosphere-ocean climate models in A4 (Ocean Circulation) and for studying the role of ocean carbon in A1 (Ocean Acidification) and A5 (CO2- Sequestration).

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