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Biologische Bodenentseuchung für eine umweltgerechte und intensive Gehölzproduktion, Biologische Bodenentseuchung für eine umweltgerechte und intensive Gehölzproduktion

Der intensive Nachbau von Gehölzen, besonders von Vertretern der Familie der Rosaceae, führt zu einer Beeinträchtigung des Wachstums der Pflanzen. Diese kann vor allem bei der Produktion in Baum- und Rebschulen zu erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Schäden führen. Die Ursachen für die Vitalitätsminderungen, die auch als 'Nachbauschäden' beschrieben werden, sind komplexer Natur. Die selektive Bekämpfung der Bodenmüdigkeit ist bisher nicht möglich. Sie wird im Rahmen einer Bodenentseuchung mit erfasst. Das letzte dazu verwendete chemische Mittel Basamid Granulat ist seit Jahren nur noch zeitlich eng befristet über Ausnahmegenehmigungen verfügbar. Daher sind Alternativen gefragt. Geplant sind in einem dreijährigen Versuchsvorhaben der LWK Schleswig-Holstein Versuche zur Biofumigation. Das hier beantragte Projekt hat die biochemische Untersuchung der Wirkung der Biofumigation auf die mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften im Boden zum wesentlichen Inhalt. Darüber hinaus sollen die durch die Zersetzung von Pflanzenmaterial der Brassicacea entstehenden Isothiocyanate identifiziert und quantifiziert werden, um fundierte Aussagen über die Wirkungsweise treffen zu können. Bestimmung der Glucosinolatgehalte der Biofumigationspflanzen, Bestimmung der Isothiocyanate im Boden nach Biofumigation und Basamidbehandlung, Untersuchung der Mikroorganismenpopulationen, Identifizierung unterschiedlich abundanter Mikroorganismenarten, Überprüfung der Effizienz der Biofumigation mittels Indikatorpflanzentests

Kupferminimierungs- und Vermeidungsstrategien für den ökologischen Kartoffelanbau, Kupferminimierungs- und Vermeidungsstrategien für den ökologischen Kartoffelanbau

Kupferminimierungs- und Vermeidungsstrategien für den ökologischen Kartoffelanbau^Kupferminimierungs- und Vermeidungsstrategien für den ökologischen Kartoffelanbau, Kupferminimierungs- und Vermeidungsstrategien für den ökologischen Kartoffelanbau

Schwerpunktprogramm (SPP) 1529:  Evolutionary plant solutions to ecological challenges: Molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive traits in the Brassicaceae s.l. (Adaptomics), The role of biotic interactions in determining phenotypic and genotypic variation in metal hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance in two model Brassicaceae species

Metal hyperaccumulation is a common trait in many Brassicaceae species. However, neither its ecological consequences nor the role of ecological interactions on natural trait variation have been studied. Here, we address this aspect with a novel conceptual model. We focus on two genetic model species (Arabidopsis halleri, Noccaea caerulescens) for utilizing the molecular knowledge about then and for providing foundations for future genetic work. We combine field and greenhouse studies, high-end molecular tools, population genetic methods and experimental approaches of community ecology. Specifically, we want to disentangle the role of genetic factors and variation in negative and positive plantplant interactions for the evolution of variability in metal hyperaccumulation between and within populations. Vice-versa, we will investigate the role of this trait for determining the type of biotic interactions dominating within natural populations and communities. We hypothesize that a tradeoff between competitive abilities and stress tolerance exists in this system, affecting the performance of individual plants and determining the extent of population genetic and phenotypic variation. We furthermore hypothesize that facilitation in populations and communities with metal accumulating plants will positively affect genetic diversity within the populations, especially under stressful conditions.

Raw pollen data from the Eemian core CON01-603-2

The studied core CON01-603-2 was recovered from the Continent site, Northern Basin from a water depth of 386 m (Fig. 1) (see Charlet et al., 2005-this volume). The analysed sequence (725.5–608 cm) consists of mainly of biogenic, diatomaceous sediments, although the upper part of the sequence between ca. 611–608 cm contains more silt particles and less diatoms than the lower part of the sequence. From a depth of 690 cm upwards the sediments are finely and coarsely laminated.Based on a standard technique for processing palynological samples, silicates were removed from the sediment by treatment with 40% HF for 3 days and with 50% HF for 1 day. Following Erdtmans acetolysis (Faegri and Iversen, 1989) sediment samples were sieved through 7-µm meshes in an ultrasonic water bath (Cwynar et al., 1979).

Pollen counts from Kasten corer CON01-603-5, CONTINENT Ridge

Pollen counts from Kasten corer CON01-603-5 at CONTINENT Ridge.

Raw pollen data from kasten core CON01-605-5 (Vydrino)

Sediment slices of 0.5 cm thickness were obtained from gravity core segments and of 1 cm thickness from the Vydrino piston core. Volumetric subsamples of 5 cm3 (10 cm3 in case of the lowermost samples from Continent core) were prepared according to standard procedures, including 7-μm ultrasonic fine-sieving (Cwynar et al., 1979, Fægri et al., 1989 K. Fægri, P.E. Kaland and K. Krzywinski, Textbook of Pollen Analysis (4th edition), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1989) 328 pp..Fægri et al., 1989 and PALE Steering Committee, 1994). Two tablets of Lycopodium marker spores were added to each sample for calculating total pollen and spore concentrations (Stockmarr, 1971). Water-free glycerol was used for storage and preparation of microscopic slides. The palynological samples were counted at magnifications of 400–600×, applying 1000× for the identification of difficult pollen types, e.g., including Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae, and Rosaceae.

Raw pollen data from piston core CON01-605-3 (Vydrino)

Sediment slices of 0.5 cm thickness were obtained from gravity core segments and of 1 cm thickness from the Vydrino piston core. Volumetric subsamples of 5 cm3 (10 cm3 in case of the lowermost samples from Continent core) were prepared according to standard procedures, including 7-μm ultrasonic fine-sieving (Cwynar et al., 1979, Fægri et al., 1989 K. Fægri, P.E. Kaland and K. Krzywinski, Textbook of Pollen Analysis (4th edition), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1989) 328 pp..Fægri et al., 1989 and PALE Steering Committee, 1994). Two tablets of Lycopodium marker spores were added to each sample for calculating total pollen and spore concentrations (Stockmarr, 1971). Water-free glycerol was used for storage and preparation of microscopic slides. The palynological samples were counted at magnifications of 400–600×, applying 1000× for the identification of difficult pollen types, e.g., including Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae, and Rosaceae.

Raw pollen data from kasten core CON01-603-5 part1 (%)

Sediment slices of 0.5 cm thickness were obtained from gravity core segments and of 1 cm thickness from the Vydrino piston core. Volumetric subsamples of 5 cm3 (10 cm3 in case of the lowermost samples from Continent core) were prepared according to standard procedures, including 7-μm ultrasonic fine-sieving (Cwynar et al., 1979, Fægri et al., 1989 K. Fægri, P.E. Kaland and K. Krzywinski, Textbook of Pollen Analysis (4th edition), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1989) 328 pp..Fægri et al., 1989 and PALE Steering Committee, 1994). Two tablets of Lycopodium marker spores were added to each sample for calculating total pollen and spore concentrations (Stockmarr, 1971). Water-free glycerol was used for storage and preparation of microscopic slides. The palynological samples were counted at magnifications of 400–600×, applying 1000× for the identification of difficult pollen types, e.g., including Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae, and Rosaceae.

Raw pollen data from kasten core CON01-603-5 part1 (counts)

Sediment slices of 0.5 cm thickness were obtained from gravity core segments and of 1 cm thickness from the Vydrino piston core. Volumetric subsamples of 5 cm3 (10 cm3 in case of the lowermost samples from Continent core) were prepared according to standard procedures, including 7-μm ultrasonic fine-sieving (Cwynar et al., 1979, Fægri et al., 1989 K. Fægri, P.E. Kaland and K. Krzywinski, Textbook of Pollen Analysis (4th edition), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1989) 328 pp..Fægri et al., 1989 and PALE Steering Committee, 1994). Two tablets of Lycopodium marker spores were added to each sample for calculating total pollen and spore concentrations (Stockmarr, 1971). Water-free glycerol was used for storage and preparation of microscopic slides. The palynological samples were counted at magnifications of 400–600×, applying 1000× for the identification of difficult pollen types, e.g., including Saxifragaceae, Crassulaceae, and Rosaceae.

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