Das Projekt "Verbrennung von Kohle fuer das Brennen von Ziegelsteinen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Gebrüder Löhlein Ziegelwerke durchgeführt. Objective: To convert a brick kiln fired with heavy oil to coal firing and to examine the effects of the burning of coal on the specific heat consumption, the quality of the product and the occurring ashes. On the basis of preliminary examinations on other kilns, an energy saving of more than 55 per cent is anticipated compared with oil-firing. General Information: The brick tunnel kiln to be converted to coal firing is to be equipped with an intermittent coal firing facility and tested. For this purpose, the necessary coal preparation facilities (feed bunker, transport systems, hammer mill, daily bunker and coal stokers at the blowing in points) and the special burner systems are to be developed and adapted to suit the specified tunnel kiln. The overall system will then be tested and, if necessary, modified depending on the product quality. Finally, the operating efficiency of the coal firing facility is to be tested during a longer demonstration operation period. The concept for the coal firing facility was based on the use and testing or different types of coal with various grain sizes to be able to optimize the requirements on coal quality and grain size both for separation and charging. The driest possible fine coal with a grain size of 0 - 6 mm is necessary for the blowing device. The erected preparation facilities comprise a feed bunker, from which the rough coal is conveyed to the hammer mill via a dispatch belt. After being ground to the necessary grain size, the fine coal is transported by pipe chain conveyers to the dosing appliances on the tunnel kiln in the form of coal stockers. They intermittently charge a coal-air mixture into the combustion planes of the kiln through lateral slits via so-called guide tubes. The ends of the tubes, which are fitted with baffle plates, protrude into the combustion channel. They are incandescent (hot bulb ignition) and cause the ignition of the mixture. Charging is effected in a 30-second rhythm alternating with every fourth row of the burner tubes. In the cases of intermittent charging, the coal-air mixture is pressed against the baffle plate with a high pressure and passes into the furnace area via the lateral slits in the incandescent tubes. Combustion is almost explosive. The intermittent control of the air feed is effected by a central closed-loop control facility via solenoid valves. Achievements: In a 26 week operation period, a mean fuel consumption of 1500 kJ/kg of fired bricks including drying was achieved. This corresponds to an energy saving of about 42 per cent when compared to operation with heavy heating oil. Although the target was not achieved, a considerable saving quota was realized. In the meantime, the facility has been demonstrated to several hundred interested parties from the brick industry and has therefore made an important contribution to the necessary spread of the experience and information gained in the course of this project.
Auf der Fl. Nr. 72, Gemarkung Querenbach, sollen drei nicht mehr benötigte Absetzteiche einer Brennerei verfüllt werden.
Das Projekt "Bio-SURFEST: Development of novel environmentally added-value surfactants and esters by biotechnological processes from fats and oils waste streams - Research for SMEs" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Verein zur Förderung des Technologietransfers an der Hochschule Bremerhaven e.V., Technologie-Transfer-Zentrum Bremerhaven durchgeführt. The overall objective of this project is the biological production of high value bio-products from oil waste or technical fats. Bio-SURFEST proposes the use of cheap and agro-based materials as substrates for bio-surfactant and plasticizer production, including plant-derived oils, oil wastes, starchy substances, whey and distillery waste. Incorporation of cheaper oils and oil wastes in the industrial production media might potentially reduce the overall costs of bioproduct production. This project will develop two biotechnological processes at semi-industrial scale in order to produce two different classes of bio-products; bio-surfactants and ester oils (as plasticizers). Bio-surfactants will be produced by fermentative process and ester oils will be produced by enzymatic catalysis. Bio-SURFEST focuses on the biotechnological optimization of bio-products syntheses.
Das Projekt "D 7: Research for improved fish nutrition and fish health in upland aquaculture systems in Yen Chau, Son La Province, Northern Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Tierproduktion in den Tropen und Subtropen (480), Fachgebiet Aquakultur-Systeme und Tierernährung in den Tropen und Subtropen (490i) durchgeführt. Background: Aquaculture significantly contributes to protein supply and cash income of Black Thai farmers in Yen Chau, Son La province, Northern Vietnam. Fish is produced for cash income (2/3rd) and subsistence (1/3rd) while self recruiting species (small fish, crustaceans and molluscs) provide additional protein for home consumption. The current aquaculture system is a polyculture of the macroherbivorous grass carp as main species together with 3-5 other non-herbivorous fish species like Common Carp, Silver Carp, Bighead Carp, Mud Carp, Silver Barb and Nile Tilapia. With a rearing period of 21 months, the productivity of the aquaculture system amounts to 1.54 +- 0.33 t ha-1 a-1 and can be characterized as low. Nearly each household has at least one pond, which serves multiple purposes and is operated as a flow-through-system. The steady water flow is advantageous for the culture of grass carp, but causes a continuous loss of nutrients and high turbidity and thereby limits the development of phytoplankton and zooplankton which are natural food for non-herbivorous species. The farmers are using mainly green leaves (banana, bamboo, cassava, maize and grass) and crop residues (rice bran, rice husk, cassava root peel, distillery residue) as feed input, which is available to Grass Carp while non-herbivorous fish species are not fed specifically. Manure is used as fertilizer. The uneaten parts of fed plants are sometimes accumulating in the pond over several years, resulting in heavy loads of organic matter causing oxygen depletion. Anaerobic sediment and water layers limit the development of zoobenthos and may provide a habitat for anaerobe disease agents. Since 2003 an unknown disease condition has been threatening Grass Carp production and is having a major economic impact on the earnings from fish farming in Yen Chau region. Other fish in the same ponds are not affected. Especially in March-April and in September-October the disease is causing high morbidity and mortalities of Grass Carp in affected ponds and is thereby decreasing the dietary protein supply and income generation of Black Thai farmers. Little is known about the definition or aetiology of the disease condition.
Das Projekt "Beschreibung der Regeln der Technik bei der Abwasserreinigung fuer einzelne Industriebranchen, hier: Wein- und Spirituosenherstellung II" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität des Saarlandes, Fachrichtung Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene durchgeführt. Es sind Ergaenzungsuntersuchungen zur Festlegung der Wertbereiche verschiedener Parameter notwendig, die in die Mindestanforderungen nach Paragraph 7a WHG aufgenommen weden sollen. Diese Untersuchungen erstrecken sich auf die dafuer relevanten Parameter des Abwasserabgabengesetzes und darueber hinaus auf die diesen Industriebereich kennzeichnenden spezifischen Parameter. (Phase I = 1.10.78 - 30.6.79; DM 75.000; Phase II = 1.12.79 - 31.7.80; DM 161.558)
Das Projekt "Forschergruppe (FOR) 1598: From Catchments as Organised Systems to Models based on Dynamic Functional Units (CAOS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Wasser und Gewässerentwicklung, Bereich Hydrologie durchgeführt. Within phase 2 of the CAOS research unit we will work towards a holistic framework to explore how spatial organization alongside with spatial heterogeneity controls terrestrial water and energy cycles in intermediate scale catchments. 'Holistic' means for us to link the 'how' to the 'why' by drawing from generic understanding of landscape formation and biotic controls on processes and structures as well as to rely on exemplary experimental learning in a hypothesis and theory based manner. This also implies treatment of soil, vegetation and atmosphere as coupled system rather than a linear combination of different compartments. To jointly work towards this goal we propose 7 projects which will closely cooperate within two overarching work packages:WP1: Linking hydrological similarity with landscape structure across scalesWP2: Searching for appropriate catchment models and organizing principles. Within WP1 we will further refine the existing stratified multi-method and multi-sensor setup to search for functional entities in the Attert and, if they exist, to learn in an exemplary manner which structural features control functional characteristics. This essentially includes identification of suitable metrics to discriminate functional and structural similarity from data as well as identification of useful quantitative descriptors for the rather fuzzy term 'hydrological function'. Overall we aim to synthesize a protocol to decide 'where to assess which data for what reasons' for characterizing hydrological functioning across a scale range of four orders of magnitude.Within WP2 we will foster our distillery of parsimonious and nevertheless physically consistent model structures which rely on observable quantities and make use of symmetries in the landscape to simplify the governing model equations in a hypothesis based manner. To this end we will compare concurring model structures (among those the CAOS model) and work towards a framework for an objective model inter comparison with special emphasis on a) the added value of different data/information sources and b) on consistency of predictions with respect to distributed dynamics and integral flows. Additionally, we aim in WP2 at linking the 'how' to the 'why' by synthesizing testable hypotheses that could explain whether spatial organization has evolved in accordance with candidate organizing principles. Ecology, fluvial geomorphology and thermodynamics offer a large set of candidate organizing principles for this issue. Based on our recent work we will focus especially on thermodynamic limits and optimality principles like maximum entropy production, explore their value for uncalibrated hydrological predictions and work out the necessary requirements on data and models for testing these principles. We put special emphasis on a possible experimental falsification of these candidate principles; also in close collaboration with the B2-Landscape Evolution Observatory in Tucson, Arizona.
Das Projekt "Verfeuerung von Stroh als Brikett in Kleinanlagen (Hausbrand) und ueber Grossballen in Grossanlagen (Brennereien, Gaertnereien, ab 500kW Heizleistung)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Technische Universität München, Bayerische Landesanstalt für Landtechnik durchgeführt. 1. Brikettfeuerung: 1.1 Pruefung geeigneter Einzeloefen, 1.2 Pruefung geeigneter Kessel, 1.3 Optimierung vorhandener Heizsysteme auf Briketts, 1.4 Betrieb mehrerer Testanlagen zur exakten Kostenermittlung, 2. Grossfeuerungsanlagen, 2.1 Analyse des Bedarfs, 2.2 Ermittlung der Anforderungen an Warmwasser- und Dampfkesseln, 2.3 Messungen an verschiedenen Feuerungssystemen zur Optimierung der Anlagen und Kostenermitllung, 2.4 Betrieb von Test- und Demonstrationsanlagen, 3. Fuer beide Aufgabenbereiche II+2, 3.1 Beratung der Anlagenhersteller bei der Anlagenkonstruktion, 3.2 Arbeitszeitmessungen 3.3 Vergleichende Kostenrechnung.
Das Projekt "Biogasanlage fuer die Digestion von Schmutzbruehe zur Unabhaengigmachung einer landwirtschaftlichen Brennerei von externen Energielieferungen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Heinrich Averberg, Brennerei Averberg durchgeführt. Objective: To make a distillery, energy self-sufficient by the biogas produced from the treatment in a digester, on the one hand of distillery wastes (originating from potato/cereal feedstocks) and on the other hand of animal manure. Fringe benefits should originate from the sales of digested distillery wastes as animal feed. General Information: Distillery wastes at the rate of 32 m3/d are fed at 35-37 C into an anaerobic digester of 402 m3 total capacity and 367 m3 working volume. In a first compartment, representing 20 per cent of the volume hydrolysis procedures acetate and liberates a CO2-rich gas. The acetate is then fed through a coke bed into a second compartment, representing 80 per cent of the volume, where biogas with 80 per cent methane content is produced at 960 m3/d, without hydrogen sulfide. The total mean retention time is 11 days. The digester effluent, containing 70 per cent protein and rich in minerals is used as animal feed. Liquid animal manure is digested at 12 m3/d in a separate similar digester of 254 m3 total capacity and 206 m3 working volume, in which the first and the second compartments represent respectively 12.5 per cent and 87.5 per cent of the volume. The mixed liquor is mechanically mixed. the total mean retention time is 17 days. The effluent is used as fertilizer. The produced biogas is stored in a plastic gasholder of 2 800 m3capacity and utilized to generate electricity and heat. Achievements: 1. It appears that the 2-step reactor does not suit neither the feedstock animal manure nor the feedstock distillery wastes as too much biogas is already produced in step one. Hence, the global produced biogas is too rich in CO2. It also was found to contain too large amounts of H2S. 2. The predicted yields (design data) of 30 m3 of biogas per m3 of distillery wastes and of 25 m3 of biogas per m3 of animal manure could not be met. The obtained real data are 4.5 m3 biogas per m3 of distillery wastes and 5.2 m3 biogas per m3 of animal manure. The reason for these discupancies is not clear. 3. The investment costs amount to three times the predicted figures. 4. The digested distillery waste appeared not saleable as animal feed. For these four reasons, the project became uneconomic and was abandoned.
Das Projekt "Gewinnung von amylolytischen Enzymen aus Schlempe - ein Beitrag zur Senkung der Abwasserbelastung" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Spiritusfabrikation und Fermentationstechnologie in Berlin durchgeführt. Bei der Schlempetrocknung kommt es wiederholt zu Schwierigkeiten beim Eindicken des Duennsaftes in der Verdampferanlage. Es wird vorgeschlagen, nur den Dickstoffanteil zur Schlempetrocknung zu verwenden. Der Duennsaft besitzt einen schlechteren Futterwert und soll aufgrund seiner Inhaltsstoffe als Substrat bei der Submerszuechtung von Mikroorganismen zur Gewinnung anylolytischer Brennereienzyme eingesetzt werden.
Das Projekt "Energetische Optimierung Kläranlage Schlitz-Hutzdorf im Rahmen des Förderschwerpunktes 'Energieeffiziente Abwasseranlagen'" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Stadt Schlitz durchgeführt. Die Kläranlage Schlitz-Hutzdorf wurde im Jahr 1980 nach den damals geltenden Richtlinien zur weitgehenden Elimination der Kohlenstoffverbindungen sowie zur teilweisen Elimination der Stickstoffverbindungen mit einer Ausbaugröße von 14.000 Einwohnerwerten (EW) konzipiert. Die Anlage ist damit der Größenklasse 4 zuzuordnen. In den Jahren 2009 bis 2015 waren ca. 10.000 EW an die Kläranlage angeschlossen. Die Schlammstabilisierung erfolgte aerob, zur weitergehenden Klärschlammbehandlung war eine Schlammentwässerung durch Dekanter sowie eine solar betriebene Klärschlammtrocknung installiert. Der spezifische Stromverbrauch belief sich inkl. der solaren Klärschlammtrocknung auf ca. 42 kWh/(EW*a) und ohne Berücksichtigunh der Solartrocknung auf ca. 39 kWh/(EW*a). Zielsetzung: Die kurz vor dem Abschluss stehenden Maßnahmen des Gesamtvorhabens werden folgende positive Auswirkungen auf die energetische Situation der Kläranlage Schlitz-Hutzdorf bringen: Reduzierung des externen Strombezugs bzw. spezifischen externen Strombezugs - von derzeit ca. 385.000 kWh/a (entsprechend ca. 39,0 kWh/(EW*a)) - auf zukünftig ca. 150.000 kWh/a (entsprechend ca. 15,2 kWh/(EW*a)) Reduzierung des Gesamtstromverbrauchs bzw. spezifischen Stromverbrauchs - von derzeit ca. 385.000 kWh/a (entsprechend ca. 39,0 kWh/(EW*a)) - auf zukünftig ca. 333.000 kWh/a (entsprechend ca. 33,8 kWh/(EW*a)) bzw. ca. 375.000 kWh/a (entsprechend ca. 38,1 kWh/(EW*a)) unter Berücksichtigung der Annahme externer Klärschlämme (Verwertungsverbund) Reduzierung des externen Bezugs von externen Energieträgern zur Beheizung der Betriebsgebäude - von derzeit ca. 60.000 kWh/a (entsprechend ca. 6.000 l Heizöl/Jahr) - auf zukünftig ca. 0 kWh/a (Eigen-Wärmeversorgung.
| Origin | Count |
|---|---|
| Bund | 57 |
| Land | 7 |
| Type | Count |
|---|---|
| Förderprogramm | 57 |
| Text | 5 |
| Umweltprüfung | 2 |
| License | Count |
|---|---|
| closed | 7 |
| open | 57 |
| Language | Count |
|---|---|
| Deutsch | 64 |
| Englisch | 9 |
| Resource type | Count |
|---|---|
| Bild | 1 |
| Dokument | 2 |
| Keine | 46 |
| Webseite | 17 |
| Topic | Count |
|---|---|
| Boden | 44 |
| Lebewesen & Lebensräume | 54 |
| Luft | 23 |
| Mensch & Umwelt | 64 |
| Wasser | 32 |
| Weitere | 62 |