The Baltic Sea is under considerable ecological pressure from nutrient input originating from land-based diffuse sources and nutrient losses caused by agricultural land use. Significance of the latter source is increasing especially as within the framework of HELCOM, all Contracting Parties have made considerable efforts to build and extend municipal wastewater treatment plants and have declared in a binding manner to introduce phosphate free laundry detergents during upcoming years. Nutrient inputs are responsible for causing eutrophication, toxic algae blooms, hypoxic and anoxic zones at the sea bottom and thus jeopardize the economic basis of both fishery and tourism. The environmental burden from nutrient loads is reduced if nutrients in agriculture are applied in a more efficient manner. Fertilizers are meant to optimize crop yields and not to end up in ground and surface waters. Comprehensive nutrient bookkeeping provides a basic prerequisite (tool) for efficient nutrient use in agricultural holdings; this applies as well for fertilizer planning ex ante as for nutrient balancing ex post. Therefore in October 2013 the environment ministers of the HELCOM countries decided during their conference in Copenhagen to introduce nutrient bookkeeping on farm level in all Contracting Parties by the end of 2018. A platform for these activities should be provided by the HELCOM Group on Sustainable Agricultural Practices, a subsidiary body of HELCOM. Germany is currently holding the chairmanship of this group. This report is a record of the event, produced by the Chamber. It contains all presentations and identifies relevant steps for upcoming years to be taken by and in the HELCOM countries. Veröffentlicht in Texte | 95/2015.
Das Projekt "Erstellung eines Gutachtens zum Thema: Stand der Nährstoffbuchführung in den HELCOM-Staaten. Sitzung der HELCOM-Agri Group vom 20./21.11.2014 in Kopenhagen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen durchgeführt. The Baltic Sea is under considerable ecological pressure from nutrient input originating from land-based diffuse sources and nutrient losses caused by agricultural land use. Significance of the latter source is increasing especially as within the framework of HELCOM, all Contracting Parties have made considerable efforts to build and extend municipal wastewater treatment plants and have declared in a binding manner to introduce phosphate free laundry detergents during upcoming years. Nutrient inputs are responsible for causing eutrophication, toxic algae blooms, hypoxic and anoxic zones at the sea bottom and thus jeopardize the economic basis of both fishery and tourism. The environmental burden from nutrient loads is reduced if nutrients in agriculture are applied in a more efficient manner. Fertilizers are meant to optimize crop yields and not to end up in ground and surface waters. Comprehensive nutrient bookkeeping provides a basic prerequisite (tool) for efficient nutrient use in agricultural holdings; this applies as well for fertilizer planning ex ante as for nutrient balancing ex post. Therefore in October 2013 the environment ministers of the HELCOM countries decided during their conference in Copenhagen to introduce nutrient bookkeeping on farm level in all Contracting Parties by the end of 2018. A platform for these activities should be provided by the HELCOM Group on Sustainable Agricultural Practices, a subsidiary body of HELCOM. Germany is currently holding the chairmanship of this group. This report is a record of the event, produced by the Chamber. It contains all presentations and identifies relevant steps for upcoming years to be taken by and in the HELCOM countries.
Das Projekt "Sub project: The mobilisation of Platinum-Group Elements in altered oceanic crust from ODP-borehole 1256D for tracing the noble metal flux in the crust" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Mineralogie und Petrologie durchgeführt. Mafic volcanic rocks of different tectonic settings display a wide range of Pt/Pd-ratios lower than that of the primitive mantle (PM) which cannot be accounted for by known partition coefficients of Pd and Pt between sulphide melt and silicate melt. Various processes have been invoked to explain this observation, including hydrothermal rock/water interactions or serpentinisation. However, so far no study has systematically investigated the effects of hydrothermal alteration on the PGE budget for example on a complete section of altered upper oceanic crust. Hence, little is known on Pt-Pd fractionation during alteration. We propose to fill this gap by studying a complete profile of altered upper oceanic crust and the uppermost gabbroic section, formed at the East Pacific Rise some 15 Ma ago and drilled at the multicruise ODP-borehole 1256D (Wilson et al., 2006). Combined measurements of platinum-group elements (PGE) and Cu-Sisotopes in key pool samples, shared with other shipboard party members, will help to evaluate PGE mobility during alteration and to study quantitatively the fractionation behaviour of Pt and Pd along the hydrothermal fluid path in the oceanic crust. These insights are highly relevant for understanding ore forming processes in the oceanic crust, since large PGE deposits are related to mafic volcanism (i.e. Norils'k).
Das Projekt "Space-time modelling of rainfall using Copulas - a quasi meta-gaussian approach" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Wasser- und Umweltsystemmodellierung durchgeführt. Stochastic space time modelling of precipitation is a scientific challenge with great practical importance. There are two key challenges: Firstly, rainfall is highly variable in its spatial and temporal distribution. Secondly, within a rain-field there are locations where the rainfall intensity is zero (a property referred to as 'intermittence'). The practical importance lies in the fact that spatially distributed rainfall fields are of key importance for designers and planners for flood protection. Moreover, the field of weather forecasting is more and more interested in correct spatially-distributed rainfall fields to enhance weather forecasts. Currently, there are no methods available which take these two properties adequately into account. We are suggesting the development of a method that can describe the spatial and temporal variability of rain fields and correctly takes intermittence into account. The purpose of this proposal is to develop a novel methodology for multisite precipitation modelling which is based on Copulas. Copulas are the method of choice to describe spatial and temporal dependence structures, because Copulas allow to describe such a dependence in its purest form. This methodology should be applied to different climatic conditions in Germany and in South-Africa. Different climatic conditions imply a different spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, and applying the proposed model there will be an ultimate test for the model. First step of the development is to create and test the model for the daily time scale using conventional observations. Subsequently, the model will be tested for smaller time steps, as small as one hour. The model should serve both as a precipitation generating procedure and as the basis for an interpolator and a conditional simulator. The research is planned to be conducted bilaterally in Germany and South Africa and is aimed to complement present research activities both on Copulas and precipitation modelling.
Das Projekt "A Scientific Review of the Global Water System" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Kassel, Center for Environmental Systems Research durchgeführt. One of the important new insights of global environmental research has been the recognition of the existence of a global water system. This concept expands the long-accepted concept of the global physical water cycle to encompass biogeochemical, ecological and socioeconomic components. The recent launching of the Global Water System Project (GWSP) by the major global research organizations is a strong signal from the scientific community that key questions about this system need to be urgently studied. The objective of this one year project is to conduct a scientific review of the concept of the global water system by compiling and evaluating existing scientific literature and data bases and carrying out discussions with scientific experts. The review will identify key unresolved research questions. The scientific review will be divided into three parts (I) Describing the physical, biogeochemical, ecological and socio-political aspects of the global water system, (II) Elaborating cross-cutting linkages in the global water system, (III) Identifying major unresolved questions & research priorities. To ensure that the perspectives of developing countries are also taken into account, the Antragssteiler proposes to spend 6 months out of the 12-month project at the National Institute of Advanced Studies in Bangalore. This will be a fully independent (eigenständiges) and alone-standing project conducted within the framework of the GWSP (of which the Antragssteiler is Co-Chair). It is expected that the scientific review will make a major contribution to setting priorities in global water research over the coming years.
Das Projekt "B 4.1: Land vulnerability and land suitability analysis in Northern Vietnam" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre durchgeführt. As populations are steadily increasing in VN, farming land becomes scarce and new areas are opened up for cultivation, mainly in mountainous regions. On the fragile steep slopes deforestation and soil erosion are the well-known consequences. Land use in Yen Chau District, the study area in Son La, has significantly changed in the last decades. Until now, mainly soil degradation is reported on upland fields, but also soil erosion is increasing, both decreasing crop yields. In this project a database for topography, land use and soil properties within two subcatchments in Yen Chau will be created. The main goal of the project will be to carry out land suitability analysis and land vulnerability analysis, based on the data stored in the database, to provide tools for future sustainable land use planning. For this, a broad approach is intended by assessing land suitability for various crops, fruit trees and livestock production as well as to work out land vulnerability of the research area based on soil characteristics and topographic situation. The land suitability and vulnerability analysis will be carried out with the adopted SOTER (Soil and Terrain) approach. Normally used for a 1:500000 scale the SOTER technology will be developed for a 1:50.000 scale for two subcatchments. This is especially necessary because the closely cooperating projects C4.1 (Land use modelling), B5.1 (Water quality analysis) and G1.2 (Sustainability strategies) will rely on the spatial data of this scale. A totally new objective will be attempted by breaking down the SOTER technology to a scale of 1:5.000 for a village area in one of the selected subcatchments to regard the typical small-scale land use mosaic of a village area. Only with this scale the typical small scale land use mosaic of a village area can relatively precisely be mapped taking settlement areas, fish ponds, homegardens, fields, pastures, forests and scrubland as well as streams and creeks into account. With this approach it will be the first time possible to evaluate agricultural production on a village level using the SOTER technology. The SOTER database will be used with algorithms and soil transfer functions in order to derive soil suitability and soil vulnerability of certain areas. For the suitability analysis of different crops mainly the static approach for water regime, nutrient regime and potential root zone will be generated. As an important tool for decision making the erosion hazards due to water and especially gravity has to be visualized. As participatory soil mapping provides valuable additional information for land use evaluation and potential planning, this approach will be integrated on both the subcatchment and the village level in joint cooperation with A1.3 (Participatory Research). Finally, land use scenarios regarding different factors, e.g. change of cropping patterns, introduction of fruit trees, intensification of fish production or changes in market access, will be modelled.
Das Projekt "New Multi-HAzard and MulTi-RIsK Assessment MethodS for Europe (MATRIX)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum durchgeführt. Objective: Across Europe, people suffer losses not just from single hazards, but also from multiple events in combination. In both their occurrence and their consequences, different hazards are often causally related. Classes of interactions include triggered events, cascade effects, and rapid increases of vulnerability during successive hazards. Effective and efficient risk reduction, therefore, often needs to rest on a place-based synoptic view. MATRIX will tackle multiple natural hazards and risks in a common theoretical framework. It will integrate new methods for multi-type assessment, accounting for risk comparability, cascading hazards, and time-dependent vulnerability. MATRIX will identify the conditions under which the synoptic view provides significantly different and better results or potentially worse results than established methods for single-type hazard and risk analysis. Three test cases (Naples, Cologne and the French West Indies), and a virtual city will provide MATRIX with all characteristic multi-hazard and multi-risk scenarios. The MATRIX IT-architecture for performing, analysing and visualising relevant scenarios will generate tools to support cost-effective mitigation and adaptation in multi-risk environments. MATRIX will build extensively on the most recent research on single hazard and risk methodologies carried out (or ongoing) in many national and international research projects, particularly those supported by DG Research of the European Commission. The MATRIX consortium draws together a wide range of expertise related to many of the most important hazards for Europe (earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, wildfires, winter storms, and both fluvial and coastal floods), as well as expertise on risk governance and decision-making. With ten leading research institutions (nine European and one Canadian), we also include end-user partners: from industry, and from the European National Platforms for Disaster Reduction.
Das Projekt "Scenarios of the Global Water System" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Kassel, Center for Environmental Systems Research durchgeführt. The global water system is undergoing significant changes in its physical, chemical and biological characteristics, as well as in its human dimensions. The transformations currently taking place in the system raise key scientific questions: Will these changes continue at their current pace and intensity over the coming decades? If so, what impact will they have on nature and society? Researchers have begun addressing these questions through a growing number of comprehensive scenario studies that examine future trends in water resources from the continental and global perspectives. The first objective of this one year project is to review and appraise the existing body of global water scenarios in order to extract out important scientific insights, identify gaps and shortcomings, and derive scientific procedures for developing a new generation of global water scenarios. The second objective is to carry-out model experiments with an existing model to produce new continental scale water scenarios for Africa that address some of the deficits of current global water scenarios. The new scenarios will advance previous continental/global scenarios by simultaneously taking into account the effect of changing land use, climate and socioeconomic factors on future water use and water availability. Africa is selected as a case study for these model experiments because of the particularly significant changes it is experiencing in its freshwater system. To ensure that the information and perspectives of developing countries are taken into account, the principal investigator proposes to spend 7 months out of the 12-month project at the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa (residing at this university will provide advantages such as access to a network of African water researchers). It is critical for the German research community, especially researchers working on international and global-scale scientific problems, to develop stronger ties with the scientific community in developing countries. This project will provide direct scientific input to the Global Water System Project of the Earth System Science Partnership, as well as the World Water Development Report being prepared by a consortium of UN water-related organizations. This is an eigenständiges Projekt within the framework of the Global Water System Project of which the Antragssteller is Co-Chairman. It is expected that the evaluation of scenarios will make a major contribution to anticipating future changes in the global water system.
Das Projekt "Assessment of Cross(X)-sectoral climate Impacts and pathways for Sustainable transformation (AXIS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) durchgeführt. The AXIS consortium is set up to enhance integration of an array of research disciplines connected to climate research around the common goal to enhance the assessment of potential impacts of climate change on the bio-physical systems and human society. To this end AXIS plans to launch and implement a single transnational call - funded by 11 European research funders. Through an open process AXIS has developed three topics for this call. Each topic is intended to enhance collaboration across typical community borders: between different sectoral views of climate impacts as well as between bio-physical climate impacts and socio-economic effects. For all topics stakeholder engagement is given a high relevance in the call, thus representing another dimension of interaction across boundaries: interaction of the science community with end-users (stakeholders) of the created knowledge (transdisciplinarity). The three anticipated research areas (topics) are: (1) Cross-sectoral and cross-scale climate change impact assessments; (2) Integration of biophysical climate change impacts estimates with economic models; (3) Developing pathways to achieve the long-term objectives of the Paris Agreement, taking into account interactions with SDGs closely linked to SDG 13 ('climate action'). The AXIS consortium is deeply embedded in JPI Climate and aims to implement elements of its Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda. JPI Climate and the ERA-NET promoting Climate Services ERA4CS include a number of additional activities. Therefore within this proposal no addition activities are planned. Close partnership of the AXIS consortium and JPI Climate with other key international initiatives (Belmont Forum, GFCS, Future Earth, UN PROVIA, Copernicus) will be sought in order to continue to work against fragmentation of disciplines and geographies in climate science. In this respect a close connection with the parallel CSA proposal SINCERE is planned.
Das Projekt "Tools for Sustainabiltity Impact Assessment of the Forestry- Wood Chain" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Hamburg, Department für Biologie, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft des Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei durchgeführt. The objective of EFORWOOD is to develop a quantitative decision support tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment of the European Forestry-Wood Chain (FWC) and subsets thereof (e.g. regional), covering forestry, industrial manufacturing, consumption and recycling. The objective will be achieved by:a) defining economic, environmental and social sustainability indicators ,b) developing a tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment by integrating a set of models ,c) supplying the tool with real data, aggregated as needed and appropriate,d) testing the tool in a stepwise procedure allowing adjustments to be made according to the experiences gained,e) applying the tool to assess the sustainability of the present European FWC (and subsets thereof) as well the impacts of potential major changes based on scenarios,f) making the adapted versions of the tool available to stakeholder groupings (industrial, political and others).The multi-functionality of the FWC is taken into account by using indicators to assess the sustainability of production processes and by including in the analysis the various products and services of the FWC. Wide stakeholder consultations will be used throughout the process to reach the objective. EFORWOOD will contribute to EU policies connected to the FWC, especially to the Sustainable Development Strategy. It will provide policy-makers, forest owners, the related industries and other stakeholders with a tool to strengthen the forest-based sector's contribution towards a more sustainable Europe, thereby also improving its competitiveness. To achieve this, EFORWOOD gathers a consortium of highest-class experts, including the most representative forest-based sector confederations.EFORWOOD addresses with a high degree of relevance the objectives set out in the 3rd call for proposals addressing Thematic Sub-priority 1.1.6.3 Global Change and Ecosystems, topic V.2.1. Forestry/wood chain for Sustainable Development. Prime Contractor: Stiftelsen Skogsbrukets Forskningsinstitut, Skogforsk; Uppsala; Sweden.
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