Biosynthetische Polymere werden in zunehmender Zahl und Menge eingesetzt und sind aus vielen Bereichen des Alltags nicht mehr wegzudenken. Waren es frueher vorwiegend von hoeheren Lebewesen synthetisierte Polymere, so gewinnen nun von Mikroorganismen synthetisierte Polymere als Werkstoffe sowie als Hilfs- und Nebenstoffe an Bedeutung. Mikroorganismen synthetisieren in vielfaeltiger Form Polymere fuer technische Anwendungen. Die meisten technisch genutzten mikrobiellen Polymere werden heute als Hilfs- und Nebenstoffe eingesetzt, einige auch direkt zu Werkstoffen verarbeitet. Mikrobielle Polymere werden als Rohstoffe zu anderen Werkstoffen oder Hilfs- und Nebenstoffen verarbeitet oder dienen als Ausgangsmittel fuer weitere chemische Synthesen. Der Einsatz von Mikroorganismen bei der biotechnologischen Produktion von Polymeren ermoeglicht haeufig die Nutzung nachwachsender Rohstoffe als Substrate und Kohlenstoffquelle fuer die Produktion wie zB die Nutzung pflanzlicher Photosynthetate, die von der Land- und Forstwirtschaft in grossen Mengen bereitgestellt werden koennen. Die Kenntnis der Biosynthesewege fuer Polymere in Bakterien in Verbund mit der Gentechnik ermoeglicht zudem die Erzeugung transgener Pflanzen, die zur Produktion neuer Polymere anstelle von Bakterien herangezogen werden koennen. 1) Biosynthese von Polyestern: Mikrobielle, aus Hydroxyfettsaeuren aufgebaute Polyester (PHF) machen seit einigen Jahren als neue biologische abbaubare Werkstoffe von sich reden. Neben 3-Hydroxybuttersaeure sind mittlerweile mehr als 100 verschiedene Hydroxyfettsaeuren als Bausteine von PHF bekannt. Seit ca 10 Jahren wird in der Arbeitsgruppe die Biosynthese dieser wasserunloeslichen Polyester untersucht. Als Modellorganismen dienten zunaechst Alcaligenes eutrophus und Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rhodococcus ruber und zahlreiche anoxygene phototrophe Bakterien wie zB Chromatium vinosum wurden spaeter ebenfalls untersucht. Diese Untersuchungen haben zur Aufklaerung von Biosynthesewegen der PHF und zur Entdeckung neuer Bausteine von PHF sowie zur Klonierung und Ermittlung der Primaerstrukturen des Schluesselenzyms PHF-Synthase aus ca 20 Bakterien beigetragen. Durch Screening nach neuen Wildtypen, durch Verwendung von Mutanten und mit gentechnischen Methoden gelang es, Polyester mit ungewoehnlichen Hydroxyfettsaeuren aus einfachen Kohlenstoffquellen verfuegbar zu machen. In Zusammenarbeit mit Industriepartnern und gefoerdert durch das BMBF und das BML sollen Reststoffe, Kohlen und nachwachsende Rohstoffe fuer die Produktion dieser Polyester erschlossen werden. Ein Biotechnikum mit Bioreaktoren von 1 bis 20 l Nutzvolumen, welches demnaechst durch einen Anbau und einen Bioreaktor von 450 L Nutzvolumen erweitert wird, erlaubt die Herstellung von Polymermustern zur Ermittlung der Materialeigenschaften durch hieran interessierte Kooperationspartner. Ferner kommt der Zusammenarbeit mit Pflanzengenetikern, die Gene fuer PHF Biosynthese aus Bakterien in Pflanzen ...
Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV, Baculoviridae) is one of the most important agents for the control of codling moth (CM, Cydia pomonella, L.) in both biological and integrated pest management. The rapid emergence of resistance against CpGV-M, which was observed in about 40 European CM field populations from 2003 on, could be traced back to a single, dominant, sex-linked gene. Since then, resistance management has been based on mixtures of new CpGV isolates (CpGV-I12, -S), which are able to overcome this resistance. Recently, resistance even to these novel isolates was observed in CM field populations. This resistance does not follow the described dominant, sex-linked inheritance trait. At the same time, another isolate CpGV-V15 was identified showing high virulence against these resistant populations. To elucidate this novel resistance mechanism and to identify the resistance gene(s) involved, we propose a comprehensive analysis of this resistance on the cellular and genomic level of codling moth. Because of the lack of previous knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of virus resistance in insects, several different and complementary approaches will be pursued. This study will not only give an in-depth insight into the genetic possibilities for development of baculovirus resistance in CM field populations and how the virus overcomes it, but can also serve as an important model for other baculovirus-host interaction systems.
Termiten der Unterfamilie Macrotermitinae besitzen in den Savannen Afrikas und Asien eine große ökologische und ökonomische Bedeutung. Diese Termitengruppe züchtet Pilze, durch die sie ein breiteres Nahrungsspektrum nutzen kann. Aufgrund der geringen morphologischen Differenzierung sind die taxonomischen Verhältnisse dieser Termitengruppe ungesichert und deren Phylogenie unklar. Anhand von Sequenzen des mitochondrialen Gens Cytochromoxidase II erfolgt für die Macrotermitinae eine phylogenetische Analyse und, gestützt durch eine Erfassung historischer, tektonischer sowie klimatischer Ereignisse, eine Datierung allopatrischer Speziation.
The data set bundle comprises geochemical, XRF core scanning and pollen data from composite sediment core BIS-2000, which was compiled from two parallel sediment cores (BIS-1 and BIS-3) obtained near Bispingen, northern Germany (53.071528°N, 9.989861°E, 82.0 m). BIS-2000 comprises Last Interglacial (Eemian) to early Last Glacial (Weichselian) palaeolake deposits, which cover the section between 15.55 and 30.68 m composite depth. The data set Bispingen BIS-2000 pollen contains pollen percentage values of selected taxa. Analyses were carried out at the University of Bonn, Germany, and at the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, on the section between 18.19 and 30.68 m composite depth. Sample preparation followed the standard method described by Berglund & Ralska-Jasiewiczowa (1986), including treatment with cool HF and HCl, acetolysis, staining with safranine, and mounting in glycerol. Pollen counting was carried out using a light microscope at 400× magnification and pollen percentages were calculated based on the sum of trees/shrubs (arboreal pollen) and dwarf shrubs/herbs (non-arboreal pollen; excluding aquatic and wetland plants).
The data set bundle comprises geochemical, XRF core scanning and pollen data from composite sediment core BIS-2000, which was compiled from two parallel sediment cores (BIS-1 and BIS-3) obtained near Bispingen, northern Germany (53.071528°N, 9.989861°E, 82.0 m). BIS-2000 comprises Last Interglacial (Eemian) to early Last Glacial (Weichselian) palaeolake deposits, which cover the section between 15.55 and 30.68 m composite depth. The data set Bispingen BIS-2000 geochemistry contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents (expressed as per cent of sediment dry weight) as well as carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) data. Analyses were carried out at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany, on the section between 15.55 and 30.72 m composite depth. The CaCO3 content was calculated from the total inorganic carbon (TIC) content, which was measured using a STRÖHLEIN Coulomat 702. In addition, measurements of the total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents were carried out using a LECO CNS-2000 elemental analyser. TOC was calculated as the difference between TC and TIC and C/N was calculated as the mass ratio between TC and TN.
The data set bundle comprises geochemical, XRF core scanning and pollen data from composite sediment core BIS-2000, which was compiled from two parallel sediment cores (BIS-1 and BIS-3) obtained near Bispingen, northern Germany (53.071528°N, 9.989861°E, 82.0 m). BIS-2000 comprises Last Interglacial (Eemian) to early Last Glacial (Weichselian) palaeolake deposits, which cover the section between 15.55 and 30.68 m composite depth. The data set Bispingen BIS-2000 XRF contains results of XRF core scanning. Analyses were carried out at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany, on the section between 15.08 and 31.20 m composite depth. Split sediment core segments were scanned with an ITRAX XRF core scanner and measured intensities of silicon, calcium and titanium were used to calculate the log-ratios log(Si/Ti) and log(Ca/Ti).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
This dataset contains geochemical variables measured in six depth profiles from ombrotrophic peatlands in North and Central Europe. Peat cores were taken during the spring and summer of 2022 from Amtsvenn (AV1), Germany; Drebbersches Moor (DM1), Germany; Fochteloër Veen (FV1), the Netherlands; Bagno Kusowo (KR1), Poland; Pichlmaier Moor (PI1), Austria and Pürgschachen Moor (PM1), Austria. The cores AV1, DM1 and KR1 were taken using a Wardenaar sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands) and had diameter of 10 cm. The cores FV1, PM1 and PI1 had an 8 cm diameter and were obtained using an Instorf sampler (Royal Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands). The cores FV1, DM1 and KR1 were 100 cm, core AV1 was 95 cm, core PI1 was 85 cm and core PM1 was 200 cm. The cores were subsampeled in 1 cm (AV1, DM1, KR1, FV1) and 2 cm (PI1, PM1) sections. The subsamples were milled after freeze drying in a ballmill using tungen carbide accesoires. X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF; ZSX Primus II, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine Al (μg g-1), As (μg g-1), Ba (μg g-1), Br (μg g-1), Ca (g g-1), Cl (μg g-1), Cr (μg g-1), Cu (μg g-1), Fe (g g-1), K (g g-1), Mg (μg g-1), Mn (μg g-1), Na (μg g-1), P (μg g-1), Pb (μg g-1), Rb (μg g-1), S (μg g-1), Si (μg g-1), Sr (μg g-1), Ti (μg g-1) and Zn (μg g-1). These data were processed and calibrated using the iloekxrf package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024) in R. C, N and their stable isotopes were determined using an elemental analyser linked to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-3000, Eurovector, Pavia, Italy & Nu Horizon, Nu Instruments, Wrexham, UK). C and N were given in units g g-1 and stable isotopes were given as δ13C and δ15N for stable isotopes of C and N, respectively. Raw data C, N and stable isotope data were calibrated with certified standard and blank effects were corrected with the ilokeirms package (Teickner & Knorr, 2024). Using Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIR) (Agilent Cary 670 FTIR spectromter, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, Ca, USA) humification indices (HI) were determined. Spectra were recorded from 600 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 with a resolution of 2 cm-1 and baselines corrected with the ir package (Teickner, 2025) to estimate relative peack heights. The HI (no unit) for each sample was calculated by taking the ratio of intensities at 1630 cm-1 to the intensities at 1090 cm-1. Bulk densities (g cm-3) were estimated from FT-MIR data (Teickner et al., in preparation).
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