Enhanced mineral dissolution in the benthic environment is currently discussed as a potential technique for ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. This study explores how biogeochemical processes affect the dissolution of alkaline minerals in surface sediments during laboratory incubation experiments. These involved introducing dunite and calcite to organic-rich sediments from the Baltic Sea under controlled conditions in an anoxic to hypoxic environment. The sediment cores were incubated with Baltic Sea bottom water. Eight sediment cores were positioned vertically in a rack. Since the sediment surface was slightly oxidized by the bottom water (∼125 μmol l−1 upon recovery), the cores were left plugged on the top for 13 days to settle after recovery until the sediment surface was anoxic. To achieve chemical conditions that are expected in the natural system, 500l of retrieved sea water were degassed via bubbling with pure dinitrogen gas in batches of 100 l. Afterwards, between 50 and 60 l were transferred into an evacuated gas tight bag. After the transfer, pH and total alkalinity (TA) were measured to determine the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of the water. Afterwards the DIC was increased via adding pure CO2 until a CO2 partial pressure (pCO2 ) of ∼2,300–∼3,300 μatm was established mimicking conditions prevailing in Boknis Eck during summer. Stirring heads were installed on the cores. To prevent the development of oxic conditions, it was ensured that as little gas phase as possible was left in the cores. Elimination of pelagic autotrophs, heterotrophs, and suspended particles was achieved by flushing the cores with modified bottom water for 2 days with a flow rate of 1.5 mml min−1. Afterwards, a continuous throughflow of 700 μl min−1 from the reservoir of modified bottom water was applied, leading to a residence time of ∼2.1 days inside the cores. For the experimental incubations, six cores received additions of alkaline materials, three with calcite (Cal1 - Cal3) and three cores with dunite (Dun1 - Dun3), leading to three replicates per treatment. Two control cores remained untreated (C1, C2). The amount of added substrate was based on the rain rate of particulate organic carbon observed in Boknis Eck (0.5 mmol cm−2 a−). The incubation lasted for 25 days. The volume of water in each core was determined at the end of the experiment via measuring the height of the water column after removing the stirring heads. Bottom water samples were taken from the outflow of each core over a time period of several hours. Thus, samples represent the average outflow over the respective time period. Sampling intervals increased from daily during the first two weeks to every three to four days and weekly towards the end of the experiment. All samples were filtered through a 0.2 µm cellulose membrane filter and refrigerated in 25 ml ZinsserTM scintillation vials. Samples for TA were analyzed directly after sampling by titration of 1 ml of bottom water with 0.02N HCl. Titration was ended when a stable purple color appeared. During titration, the sample was degassed by continuous bubbling with nitrogen to remove any generated CO2 and H2S. The acid was standardized using an IAPSO seawater standard. Acidified sub-samples (30 μl suprapure HNO3- + 3 ml sample) were prepared for analyses of major and trace elements (Si, Na, K, Li, B, Mg, Ca, Sr, Mn, Ni and Fe) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Varian 720-ES).
Sr-Pb isotopic ratios for the <2 microns, 2-20 microns size fractions and bulk samples from LGM European loess sequences. Samples were crushed in an agate mortar and Sr and Pb isotopes were measured following Chauvel et al. (2011). Lead and strontium were analyzed after dissolution of the powder and without leaching procedure. Blanks run in parallel with the samples during the course of this work were less than 80 pg of Pb and 250 pg of Sr for the entire chemical separation procedure. These amounts are negligible relative to the amount of Pb and Sr present in the beakers after isolation of pure Pb and Sr (typically, 600 ng of Pb and 4 microg of Sr).
Der Download Service ermöglicht das Herunterladen von Geodaten zu Anlagen nach Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetz (BImSchG) im Land Brandenburg. Datenquelle ist das Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Die Anlagen werden zum einen gruppiert nach Anlagenarten 1. Ordnung (ohne Anlagenteile), zum anderen nach Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen, nach Blockheizkraftwerken und nach großen Feuerungsanlagen. Die BImSchG-Anlagen 1. Ordnung werden unterschieden nach: - Wärmeerzeugung, Bergbau und Energie (Nr. 1) - Steine und Erden, Glas, Keramik, Baustoffe (Nr. 2) - Stahl, Eisen und sonstige Metalle einschließlich Verarbeitung (Nr. 3) - Chemische Erzeugnisse, Arzneimittel, Mineralölraffination und Weiterverarbeitung (Nr. 4) - Oberflächenbehandlung mit organischen Stoffen, Herstellung von bahnenförmigen Materialien aus - Kunststoffen, sonstige Verarbeitung von Harzen und Kunststoffen (Nr. 5) - Holz, Zellstoff (Nr. 6) - Nahrungs-, Genuss- und Futtermittel, landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse (Nr. 7) - Verwertung und Beseitigung von Abfällen und sonstigen Stoffen (Nr. 8) - Lagerung, Be- und Entladen von Stoffen und Gemischen (Nr. 9) - Sonstige Anlagen (Nr. 10) Die Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen werden gemäß 4. BImSchV unterteilt in: - Geflügel (Nr. 7.1.1 bis 7.1.4) - Rinder und Kälber (Nr. 7.1.5 und 7.1.6) - Schweine (Nr. 7.1.7 bis 7.1.9) - gemischte Bestände (Nr. 7.1.11) Die großen Feuerungsanlagen werden gemäß 4. BImSchV unterteilt in: - Wärmeerzeugung, Energie (Nr. 1.1, 1.4.1.1, 1.4.2.1) - Zementherstellung (Nr. 2.3.1) - Raffinerien (Nr. 4.1.12, 4.4.1) - Abfallverbrennung (Nr. 8.1.1.1, 8.1.1.3) Es werden nur Anlagen gemäß 13. und 17. BImSchV berücksichtigt. Die Blockheizkraftwerke werden hinsichtlich ihrer elektrischen Leistung unterschieden.
Der View Service stellt Anlagen nach Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetz (BImSchG) im Land Brandenburg dar. Datenquelle ist das Anlageninformationssystem LIS-A. Die Anlagen werden zum einen gruppiert nach Anlagenarten 1. Ordnung (ohne Anlagenteile), zum anderen nach Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen, nach Blockheizkraftwerken und nach großen Feuerungsanlagen. Die BImSchG-Anlagen 1. Ordnung werden unterschieden nach: - Wärmeerzeugung, Bergbau und Energie (Nr. 1) - Steine und Erden, Glas, Keramik, Baustoffe (Nr. 2) - Stahl, Eisen und sonstige Metalle einschließlich Verarbeitung (Nr. 3) - Chemische Erzeugnisse, Arzneimittel, Mineralölraffination und Weiterverarbeitung (Nr. 4) - Oberflächenbehandlung mit organischen Stoffen, Herstellung von bahnenförmigen Materialien aus - Kunststoffen, sonstige Verarbeitung von Harzen und Kunststoffen (Nr. 5) - Holz, Zellstoff (Nr. 6) - Nahrungs-, Genuss- und Futtermittel, landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse (Nr. 7) - Verwertung und Beseitigung von Abfällen und sonstigen Stoffen (Nr. 8) - Lagerung, Be- und Entladen von Stoffen und Gemischen (Nr. 9) - Sonstige Anlagen (Nr. 10) Die Tierhaltungs- und Aufzuchtanlagen werden gemäß 4. BImSchV unterteilt in: - Geflügel (Nr. 7.1.1 bis 7.1.4) - Rinder und Kälber (Nr. 7.1.5 und 7.1.6) - Schweine (Nr. 7.1.7 bis 7.1.9) - gemischte Bestände (Nr. 7.1.11) Die großen Feuerungsanlagen werden gemäß 4. BImSchV unterteilt in: - Wärmeerzeugung, Energie (Nr. 1.1, 1.4.1.1, 1.4.2.1) - Zementherstellung (Nr. 2.3.1) - Raffinerien (Nr. 4.1.12, 4.4.1) - Abfallverbrennung (Nr. 8.1.1.1, 8.1.1.3). Es werden nur Anlagen gemäß 13. und 17. BImSchV berücksichtigt. Die Blockheizkraftwerke werden hinsichtlich ihrer elektrischen Leistung unterschieden. Windkraftanlagen werden nicht dargestellt! Maßstab: 1:500000; Bodenauflösung: nullm; Scanauflösung (DPI): null
The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary layer on top of all oceans and is crucial for all exchange processes between the ocean and atmosphere. This less than 1 mm thick layer is heavily influenced by biological processes and events like algal blooms. To quantify the influence of an algal bloom in a controlled environment, we conducted a mesocosm study at the Sea sURface Facility (SURF) of the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Wilhelmshaven, Germany (53.5148 °N, 8.1463°E). SURF is an 8.5 m long, 2 m wide and 1 m deep water basin, which can directly be filled with seawater from the Jade Bay, North Sea. The facility is equipped with a retractable roof, pumps for water circulation and dedicated mounts for multiple sensor systems. The mesocosm experiment was conducted from 18 May to 16 June 2023 as part of the project BASS (Biogeochemical processes and Air-sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer). SURF was filled with seawater a few days before the start of the experiment (water depth 0.7 m). The water was then filtered and the surface skimmed to remove initial pollution. To prevent particle and microbial sedimentation during the experiment, the pumps operated at low speed to maintain gentle mixing of the water column. The roof of SURF was closed during the night, while it was open during the day except when it rained. To induce an algal bloom, a mix of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silicate) was added on 26 May, 30 May and 01 June. Based on the chlorophyll measurements which show the development of the bloom, three phases of the experiment were determined: the pre-bloom phase (18 May to 26 May), the bloom phase (27 May to 04 June) and the post-bloom phase (05 June to 16 June). Several physical, chemical and biological parameters were measured, which will be published in other datasets. To evaluate the impact of the algal bloom within the SML, oxygen concentration, pH, and temperature were measured in situ using microsensors (UNISENSE, Denmark) mounted on a MicroProfiling System (UNISENSE, Denmark). With this setup, direct in situ measurements inside both the thermal boundary layer and diffusion boundary layer at the sea surface can be made. One oxygen microsensor, two pH microsensors and three temperature microsensors were mounted on the microprofiler with their tips pointing upward to avoid disturbance in the SML. They were positioned a few centimeters apart. The microprofiler was used to automatically move the sensors down, from the air through the SML and into the underlying water over a total distance of 10 000 µm in steps of 125 µm (250 µm at the start of the experiment). At each depth, the sensors stayed for about 10 s, giving a mean value and a standard deviation over that time. Three of these measurements were taken at every depth before the sensor moved down to the next step. After completing a profile, the microprofiler returned to its initial position with the tips in the air to start the next profile. The resulting profiles mostly took between 40 to 50 minutes. These profiles were conducted continuously during day and night, except for small breaks to clean and if needed replace or readjust the sensors and recalibrate the pH sensors. The sensors' height required manual adjustment to position the tip precisely at the water surface (0 µm). Through this manual adjustment, small inaccuracies may occur. As a result, the sensor depth readings form the microprofiler system may not reflect the true sensor position, which can also vary between the sensors. The true sensor positions can later be obtained by analysing the measured profiles.
This dataset contains the results of chemical analyses of water, sediment, and marine bivalves (Mytilus spp.) for residues of submerged munitions, which were taken during various field excursions to three wrecks from the First and Second World Wars in the North Sea: KW58 (Belgium), SMS Mainz (Germany), and UC30. Water and sediments were collected using CTD rosette water samplers and Van Veen sediment grabs (SMS Mainz), or by divers (KW58 and UC30). The mussels for mussel monitoring were collected near the island of Sylt (Germany) and exposed in cages on the wrecks for several weeks. Samples were frozen immediately on board and transferred to the lab for examination. All samples were analyzed for the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its two primary metabolites, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, using gas chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).
Conventional munition dumped into the North Sea and the Baltic Sea close to the German coastline is corroding. A major concern is that biota, including fish, take up toxic explosives leaking into marine environments. With the present study, we investigated bile fluids of fish living in close proximity to munition dumping sites for the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), its metabolites 2-amino-4,6-dinitrolouene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrolouene as well as octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) using HPLC-MS/MS (high performance liquid chromatography with mass selective detection) as device. The flat fish species common dab (Limanda limanda) was used as a model, since it lives in the vicinity of dumping sites and exhibits minor migratory activity.
Der interoprable INSPIRE-Viewdienst (WMS) Production and Industrial Facilities gibt einen Überblick über die Anlagen nach Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetz (BImSchG) in Brandenburg. Der Datenbestand beinhaltet die Punktdaten zu BImSchG-Betriebsstätten und BImSchG-Anlagen (ohne Anlagenteile). Datenquelle ist das Anlageninformationssystem "LIS-A". Gemäß der INSPIRE-Datenspezifikation "Production and Industrial Facilities" (D2.8.III.8_v3.0) liegen die Inhalte der BImSchG-Anlagen INSPIREkonform vor. Der WMS beinhaltet 2 Layer: "ProductionFacility" (Betriebsstätte) und "ProductionInstallation" (Anlage). Der ProductionFacility-Layer wird gem. INSPIRE-Vorgaben nach Wirstschaftszweigen (BImSchG-Kategorie 1. Ordnung) untergliedert in: - PF.PowerGeneration: Wärmeerzeugung, Bergbau und Energie (BImSchG-Kategorie: Nr. 1) - PF.ConstructionMaterialProduction: Steine und Erden, Glas, Keramik, Baustoffe (BImSchG-Kategorie: Nr. 2) - PF.MetalProcessingAndProduction: Stahl, Eisen und sonstige Metalle einschließlich Verarbeitung (BImSchG-Kategorie: Nr. 3) - PF.ChemicalProcessing: Chemische Erzeugnisse, Arzneimittel, Mineralölraffination und Weiterverarbeitung (BImSchG-Kategorie: Nr. 4) - PF.PlasticsManufacturing: Oberflächenbehandlung mit organischen Stoffen, Herstellung von bahnenförmigen Materialien aus Kunststoffen, sonstige Verarbeitung von Harzen und Kunststoffen (BImSchGKategorie: Nr. 5) - PF.WoodAndPaperProcessing: Holz, Zellstoff (BImSchG-Kategorie: Nr. 6) - PF.FoodAndAgriculturalProduction: Nahrungs-, Genuss- und Futtermittel, landwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse (BImSchG-Kategorie: Nr. 7) - PF.WasteProcessing: Verwertung und Beseitigung von Abfällen und sonstigen Stoffen(BImSchGKategorie: Nr. 8) - PF.MaterialStorage: Lagerung, Be- und Entladen von Stoffen und Gemischen(BImSchG-Kategorie: Nr. 9) - PF.OtherProcessing: Sonstige Anlagen (BImSchG-Kategorie: Nr. 10) Maßstab: 1:500000; Bodenauflösung: nullm; Scanauflösung (DPI): null
Walter Herwig cruise WH067 to Greenland and Newfoundland took place in October-November 1984. The partly high variability of the ozone between 57 and 63°N was caused by stratospheric intrusions.
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