In diesem Vorhaben wird die Wechselwirkung von Photosynthesepigmenten und Proteinen auf molekularer Ebene untersucht, um besser zu verstehen, unter welchen Bedingungen absorbiertes Licht für die Photosynthese genutzt wird und unter welchen Bedingungen die Energie als Wärmeabstrahlung verloren geht. Ein genaueres Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Funktionsmechanismen ist z.B. notwendig, um in Zukunft pflanzliche Carotinoide verstärkt in der Biotechnologie einsetzen zu können. In dem Vorhaben wird die molekulare Pigmentorganisation und ihre lichtabhängige Dynamik in einer einzelligen Alge untersucht, die sich durch eine besonders reichhaltige Pigmentierung auszeichnet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der dem Lichtschutz dienende Xanthophyllzyklus bei Diatomeen zusätzlich eine zentrale Rolle in der Regulation der Pigmentbiosynthese spielt. In Mantoniella konnte ein unvollständiger Xanthopyllzyklus nachgewiesen werden. Damit eröffnet sich die Möglichkeit, die Evolution des Lichtschutzes in der Photosynthese experimentell zu untersuchen.
Die Publikation enthält die Ergebnisse einer EU-weiten Recherche zu den statistischen Methoden, die zur Erfüllung der Berichtspflichten gegenüber der EU genutzt werden. Recherchiert wurden die Methoden, die für die Erhebung der erneuerbaren Strom- und Wärmemengen, die nicht in zentrale Netze eingespeist werden, genutzt werden. In 27 EU-Mitgliedstaaten sowie der Schweiz und Großbritannien wurden durch muttersprachliche Rechercheure*Rechercheurinnen in Interviews mit Experten*Expertinnen des jeweiligen Landes Informationen zu den eingesetzten Methoden erhoben. Den Interviews wurden Literatur- und Internetrecherchen vorangestellt. Die statistischen Methoden sind in der Publikation transparent beschrieben und vergleichend dargestellt. Es sind Informationen zu den folgenden Energieträgern enthalten: zur Stromerzeugung aus Windkraft, Photovoltaik, Wasserkraft, Geothermie, fester und flüssiger Biomasse und Biogasen sowie zur Wärme- und Kälteerzeugung aus fester und flüssiger Biomasse, aus Biogasen, Biokraftstoffen jenseits des Verkehrssektors, Solarthermie, Umweltwärme und Geothermie. Für die Wärmenutzung wurde außerdem nach den Sektoren Private Haushalte, Industrie, Dienstleistungen und Landwirtschaft unterschieden. Vier der recherchierten Methoden wurden nach festgelegten Kriterien ausgewählt und näher analysiert; eine Übertragbarkeit auf Deutschland wurde geprüft. Abschließend wurden Empfehlungen für nächste Schritte abgeleitet. Quelle: Forschungsbericht
Vergleich der Befliegung Sommer 2017 und Mai 2002
Objectives: Focus of investigations is in development of species and ecosystem diversity (alpha-, beta- and gamma-diversity) as well as on ecological and population biological processes on landscape and ecosystem levels. The project asks questions on the function of forest management and landscape units for dispersal and establishment of typical forest plants (herb, shrub and tree layer), in particular on the exchange of diaspores (dispersal units) and the recolonization of biocoenologically impoverished, partly fragmented forest ecosystems. We will also check to what extent species or species groups and habitat structures can be used as indicators for monitoring of biological diversity in forests on landscape level. Major questions are: (1) How to maintain or re-create a biological diversity that is typical and as large as possible for the respective forest ecosystem? (2) What spacious effects does forest management have for the biological diversity at landscape level? (3) Which role do wild animals (e.g. hoofed game, birds) play in the diaspore dispersal of vascular forest plants? (4) How can the biological diversity be monitored with simple methods? Results: - The comparison of the recent and the ancient forest cover shows in total an increasing forest area of 636 ha. On the soils of the ground and terminal moraines deforestation exceeds by far the reforestation (balance -544ha). On the sander the afforestation of former heathland, communal pasture and fields increases the forest area round about 1.198 ha. - The rare vascular plant species, selected on the basis of their frequency in the distribution atlas of the flora of Schleswig-Holstein, are mainly found on the nutrient rich and moist sites of the recent moraine, especially in the Alno-Ulmion and the Hordelymo-Fagetum. - A comparison of the presence of the rare vascular plant species with informations in the distribution atlas leads to the presumption of a decrease of the occurence of a lot of these species. The reasons for this are discussed. - The strict relationship of the rare forest vascular plant species to sites with continously forest cover is remarkable. Only 12 of the 72 sites with at least one rare plant species are clearly afforestated agricultaral area. - Hoofed game species transport numerous plant species - partially in large amounts - over relatively long distances, both by the faeces after gut passage (endozoochory) and by adhesion to the coats and hooves (epizoochory). Especially wild boar are of particular importance, as they may potentially disperse almost plant species.
Es sollen ein Nebelsammler und ein Wolkenwassersammler konstruiert werden. Der Nebelsammler soll fuer den vollautomatischen Betrieb (Einsatz in Messnetzen) konzipiert werden. Wesentlich hierbei wird die experimentelle Bestimmung der Sammeleigenschaften sein (Abscheidecharakteristik, Durchsatz), die fuer die bisher in Europa eingesetzten Sammler in der Regel nicht bekannt sind. Die entwickelten Sammler sollen in einer Nebelkammer (ECN, Petten) sowie in Feldexperimenten ausfuehrlich getestet werden, wobei neben der Fluessig- und Gasphase auch die feste Phase zu erfassen ist, um die gemessenen physikalischen Parameter mit Modellrechnungen (Prof.F.Herbert, W.Wobrock) vergleichen zu koennen. Auf dem Kleinen Feldberg soll nach amerikanischem Vorbild (V.Mohnen) eine Pilotstation mit den entsprechenden amerikanischen standardisierten Geraeten betrieben werden.
Sea ice is a major source of atmospheric sea salt in Antarctica. This recent finding triggered a change in paradigm for the paleoclimatic interpretation of polar ice core records. Moreover, the release of reactive gas-phase halogens from the salty ice surface and of salt aerosol is of major importance for the tropospheric chemistry. The presence of reactive bromine in the polar troposphere causes the often complete depletion of ozone in the boundary layer, and a fast oxidation of other trace species such as mercury and the biologically produced dimethyl sulfide (DMS). An oxidation product of the latter, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), and sea salt concentration from ice core records have been used as proxies to infer information about the past sea ice extent. We propose to investigate the processes related to the salt aerosol generation on the sea ice surface, the atmospheric salt transport, the halogen release, and the impact on the tropospheric composition in a joint project. Here we describe one part of this project: the remote sensing of tropospheric BrO and the analysis of source regions and transport patterns. The analysis of the sea ice parameters from remote sensing data, the development of a sea ice aerosol model and the investigation of the major ions from Neumayer station aerosol filter measurements as well as from existing ice core and snow pit records is part of a joint proposal by the University of Hamburg. The lagrangian modeling of aerosol transport and halogen chemistry is part of a parallel proposal from the MPI Mainz. The proposed joint project is embedded in the International Polar Year IPY core project 'Air Ice Chemical Interactions (AICI-IPY)'.
This project is part of the large multidisciplinary CCES project RECORD (Assessment and Modeling of Coupled Ecological and Hydrological Dynamics in the Restored Corridor of the River Thur). It deals with the role of microbial transformations and plant uptake in the cycling of nitrogen in different functional processing zones of a restored section of river Thur. The results will help to gain a better understanding of the filter function of restored river corridors and of their potential to emit greenhouse gases. Main hypothesis: Nitrogen fluxes and transformations in floodplains strongly depend on the specific response of microorganisms and dominant plants in different functional processing zones to the hydrologic conditions that vary with season and flooding events. Objectives: At the example of a restored section of river Thur, we want to gain a better insight into the role of riparian systems as sink or source of nitrogen species and the potential risks for drinking water sources and atmosphere. Specific objectives: - quantify the rates of microbial nitrogen transformations within the model floodplain: comparison between different functional processing zones, temporal variations due to seasonal climatic and biological effects and flooding events, dependence on governing soil parameters (temperature, moisture, redox potential). - quantify the rates of nitrogen species uptake by model plants (Phalaris arundinacea, Salix alba): potential uptake depending on nutrient availability and nutrient balance; effects of plant age and and temporary flooding. - measure and model nitrogen species concentrations in the soil solution and nitrous oxide emissions: comparison between different functional processing zones, temporal variations due to seasonal climatic and biological effects and flooding events. Methods: - Sampling and monitoring plots with a diameter of 8m have been set-up in different functional processing zones: (i) pasture in a neighboring non-restored section, (ii) river-forest transect including weakly colonized gravel, gravel covered by fine over-bank material densely overgrown with reed grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and other herbaceous species, zone planted with willow (Salix alba) during the restoration, mixed deciduous forest dominated by ash, (iii) old riparian willow forest. - Microbial nitrogen transformation rates are determined from soil samples taken from within the plots at specific times. Mineralisation immobilisation turnover (MIT) is determined by isotopic dilution, potential denitrification by acetylen-inhibition incubation. - Specific nitrate and ammonium uptake rates by model plants are determined in hydroponic treatments in the climate chamber. - Soil respiration and trace gas efflux/influx is measured by in-situ gas sampling from within large rings permanently installed on the plots followed by GC analysis. Etc.
The aim of 2-FUN is to provide decision-makers with a Decision Support System (DSS) that supports the analysis of current and future trends in environmental conditions and pressures causing health problems, and to evaluate and rank the management options of the composing risk factors using a cost-benefit evaluation. The DSS and its associated Geographical Information System (GIS) will offer a wide range of functionalities allowing the generation of results of high concern for health risk assessment: building of long-term environmental and socio-economic scenarios, exposure and effects mapping, provision of uncertainty margins, identification of sensitive pathways and risks, integrated risk indices and monetary values mapping, ranking of risk factors. Specific scientific actions will be set up to feed the DSS with methodologies/databases/models/ software on the following topics: Building future realistic socio-economic, environmental and health scenarios; Integrated exposure, effect and monetary assessment of multi-stressors and multi-routes; Integration of childrens issues in health risk assessments; Environment-related health indicators for relevant ranking and comparison of risk factors and monetary valuation of health effects; Development of uncertainty models for further health management; Implementation of a full-chain approach for health risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. 2-FUN also proposes to engage in a structural dialogue with all interested parties (stakeholders, policy-makers and researchers) to monitor large environment- and health-focused scientific initiatives and to incorporate stakeholders vision and needs regarding the development of tools for health risk assessment. The DSS will be tested on contrasted case studies covering a wide range of temporal, spatial, sectorial, environmental, societal contexts requiring comprehensive costbenefit analysis and able to provide policy-makers with relevant and easy-to-use information. Prime Contractor: Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques; Paris; France.
In the scope of the planned project the diversity and ecology of microbial communities and their functions in nutrient turnover under the extreme conditions in Arctic and Antarctic periglacial environments will be studied. Polar regions are vast and unique natural laboratories, both because of their geographical isolation and the minor anthropogenic influences active there, for studying microbial life under extreme environmental conditions. For this purpose the diversity and abundance of the microflora in dependence of important site characteristics such as hydrological, thermal and weathering processes will be investigated in different habitats on Store Koldewey (East Greenland) and Livingstone Island (Antarctic). The main objectives are the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the microbial community by cultivation-independent methods such as lipid profiling and rRNA-based analyses. Stable isotope probing will be used to identify the main microbial players in nutrient turnover in the different environments. The acquired data will give insights into the early stage of life on Earth, the development of extreme habitats and the functioning of microbes within the ecosystem. The planed study contributes to the research topics of the International Polar Year proposal entitled Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Permafrost, Periglacial and Soil Environments (ANPAS, No. 627) leaded by Dr. Jan Boelhouwers.
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