In Brandenburg ist das gegenwärtig größte deutsche Solarkraftwerk am 20. August 2009 offiziell eingeweiht worden. Der Solarpark Lieberose nördlich von Cottbus in der Gemeinde Turnow-Preilack hat eine maximale Leistung von 53 Megawatt auf einer Grundfläche von 162 Hektar, was einer Fläche von mehr als 210 Fußballfeldern entspricht. Das Solarkraftwerk entstand auf einem früheren sowjetischen Truppenübungsplatz.
BELECTRIC hat das nach eigenen Angaben größte und modernste Dünnschicht Freiflächen-Solarkraftwerk Europas in Templin, Brandenburg, an das Stromnetz angeschlossen. Mit 128 MWp installierter Nennleistung wird das Kraftwerk auf dem ehemals größten russischen Militärflughafen Gross Dölln eine wichtige Rolle bei der Versorgung des Großraums Berlin mit erneuerbaren Energien spielen.
Das Projekt "Pufferschichten durch ILGAR Bandbeschichtung für Cu (In, Ga) (S. Se ) 2 Solarzellen" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH durchgeführt. Es wurde eine low-cost Roll-to-roll- / in-line Pufferschicht -Abscheidung für Dünnschichtsolarzellen mit der Spray-ILGAR Methode entwickelt. Ergebnisse: Detaillierte Erforschung des Reaktionsmechanismus mittels Massenspektrometer, Steuerung der Zusammensetzung und Effekt auf die PV Performance als Grundlage für zertifizierten Effizienz-Weltrekord für In2S3 gepufferte Zellen (16,1%). Neue ILGAR Methode für nanodot Filme. ZnS nanodots als Passivierungspuffer in Kombination mit In2S3 Deckschichten (Punktkontaktpuffer) ergeben bis 1% höhere Effizienz als In2S3 allein. Beste Wirkungsgrade: Zellen16.4% (nach dem Projekt 16.8%), Module (30x30 cm2) 13.7% (ILGAR in-line, 10mm/s), gleichwertig mit CdS-Referenzen, ebenso wie in der CIS-Solartechnik Pilotline für CIGSe Solarzellen auf Stahlband.
Das Projekt "Super high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells approaching 25% (Sharc25)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg durchgeführt. Prime objective of the Sharc25 project is to develop super-high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells for next generation of cost-beneficial solar module technology with the world leading expertise establishing the new benchmarks of global excellence. The project partners ZSW and EMPA hold the current CIGS solar cell efficiency world records of 21.7% on glass and 20.4% on polymer film, achieved by using high (approximately 650 centigrade) and low (approximately 450 centigrade) temperature CIGS deposition, respectively. Both have developed new processing concepts which open new prospects for further breakthroughs leading to paradigm shift for increased performance of solar cells approaching to the practically achievable theoretical limits. In this way the costs for industrial solar module production less than 0.35 Euro/Wp and installed systems less than 0.60 Euro/Wp can be achieved, along with a reduced Capex less than 0.75 Euro/Wp for factories of greater than 100 MW production capacity, with further scopes for cost reductions through production ramp-up. In this project the performance of single junction CIGS solar cells will be pushed from approximately 21% towards 25% by a consortium with multidisciplinary expertise. The key limiting factors in state-of-the-art CIGS solar cells are the non-radiative recombination and light absorption losses. Novel concepts will overcome major recombination losses: combinations of increased carrier life time in CIGS with emitter point contacts, engineered grain boundaries for active carrier collection, shift of absorber energy bandgap, and bandgap grading for increased tolerance of potential fluctuations. Innovative approaches will be applied for light management to increase the optical path length in the CIGS absorber and combine novel emitter, front contact, and anti-reflection concepts for higher photon injection into the absorber. Concepts of enhanced cell efficiency will be applied for achieving sub-module efficiencies of greater than 20% and industrial implementation strategies will be proposed for the benefit of European industries.
Das Projekt "Large grained, low stress multi-crystalline silicon thin film solar cells on glass by a novel combined diode laser and solid phase crystallization process (HIGH-EF)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V. durchgeführt. Objective: HIGH-EF will provide the silicon thin film photovoltaic (PV) industry with a unique process allowing for high solar cell efficiencies (potential for greater than 10 percent) by large, low defective grains and low stress levels in the material at competitive production costs. This process is based on a combination of melt-mediated crystallization of an amorphous silicon (a-Si) seed layer (less than 500 nm thickness) and epitaxial thickening (to greater than 2 mym) of the seed layer by a solid phase crystallization (SPC) process. Melting the a-Si layer and solidifying large grains (about 100 mym) will be obtained by scanning a beam of a diode laser array. Epitaxial thickening of the large grained seed layer (including a pn-junction) is realized by deposition of doped a-Si atop the seed layer and a subsequent SPC process by way of a furnace anneal. Such a combined laser-SPC process represents a major break-through in silicon thin film photovoltaics on glass as it will substantially enhance the grain size and reduce the defect density and stress levels of multi-crystalline thin layers on glass compared e.g. to standard SPC processes on glass, which provide grains less than 10 mym in diameter with a high density of internal extended defects, which all hamper good solar cell efficiencies. It is, however, essential for the industrial laser-SPC implementation that such a process will not be more expensive than the established pure SPC process. A low cost laser processing will be developed in HIGH-EF using highly efficient laser diodes, combined to form a line focus that allows the crystallization of an entire module (e.g. 1.4 m x 1 m in the production line or 30 cm x 39 cm in the research line) within a single scan. Specific attention has been given to identify each competence needed for the success of the project and to identify the relevant partners forming a balanced, multi-disciplinary consortium gathering 7 organizations from 4 different member states with 1 associated country.
Das Projekt "Crystalline silicon thin film solar cells on low temperature substrates" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin GmbH, Institutsteil Berlin-Adlershof, Bereich A Angewandte Physik, Abteilung Photovoltaik durchgeführt. General Information/Project Objectives: The objective of the project is to produce a low cost solar cell by depositing a high quality film of crystalline silicon onto a low cost substrate such as glass. The particular feature of this project is that the choice of substrate requires that the deposition be done at a temperature below 650 C while still maintaining a good electronic quality in the material. Attention will be paid to achieving a high efficiency for a thin film solar cell to facilitate subsequent commercialisation and to attain the cost targets. Technical Approach: The project can be divided into three topics. (I) Substrates selection and preparation ; (ii) Deposition of the film of silicon; (iii) Solar Cell processing. Here will be innovation in each topic. Mechanical texturing of the substrate will be used to enhance light confinement. A range of deposition techniques including Hot-Wire CVD, ECR-PECVD, LPCVD and sputtering will be evaluated and in some cases electron beam re-crystallisation of the deposited film will be used. The most promising technique will be selected for accelerated development after the mid term assessment. Emphasis in the solar cell processing will be given to low temperature processing using evaporated or electro less contacts rather than the conventional screen printed contacts which require high temperature firing. Supporting the main experimental work are tasks devoted to characterisation and process economics. Expected Achievements and Exploitation: The project is very much research oriented so that a further development phase will probably be required before fill commercial exploitation can take place. The immediate target is to achieve a solar cell efficiency of greater than 10 per cent on a cell area of 4 cm2 when deposited onto a glass substrate at temperature below 650 C. It is expected that the technology will be capable of achieving a manufacturing module cost of 1 ECU/Wp at a 10 Mwp pa production rate. Given a successful outcome the industrial partner will continue the development. A successful outcome will give a low cost photovoltaic module with the attractive features of silicon in low toxicity, high efficiency capability and good long term stability. The world market for PV is expected to be in excess of 300 Mwp pa by the year 2005 and a successfully developed product could command a major share of that market and stimulate further growth leading to major reductions in CO2 and other pollutant gas emissions. Prime Contractor: DP Solar Ltd.; Sunbury on Thames; United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "Duennfilm-Gassolarzellen auf der Grundlage von Cu(Ga,In)Se2-Chalkopyrit-Halbleitern" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Physikalische Elektronik durchgeführt. Objective: The project aims to realize efficient thin film solar cells with chalcopyrite semiconductors as absorber material. Either single junction devices with optimized bangap or tandem systems are developed. The work is performed in collaboration with the Universities of Parma (Prof. Romeo), Montpellier (Prof. Savelli), Newcastle Polytechnique (Prof. Hill), and ENSC de Paris (Dr. Vedel). General Information: Cu(Ga,In)Se2 thin films are deposited by simultaneous vacuum evaporation of the single elements from special sources. Films with compositions y in the whole range of the quaternary system cugay In1-Y Se2 have been investigated. The optical bandgap varies nearly linearly with composition from 1.04 to 1.68 ev. Only p-type conductivity strongly dependent on the Cu/Ga + in ratio have been observed. Heterojunctions have been fabricated by evaporating Ga-doped (Zn, Cd)S or ZNO films onto the absorber layer. Solar cell efficiencies of cells with compositions Y =0, 0.5, 1 are 8.4, 2.7, 5.8 per cent. First results on films fabricated by selenization of metal films have demonstrated the feasibility of this possibly low-cost method.
Das Projekt "Commercial process outline for crystalline silicon thin film solar cells and modules" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme durchgeführt. General Information: Thin film technologies to fabricate solar cells offer a high potential for a breakthrough in production cost since they consume less materials and ease the introduction of mass production techniques, as compared to the currently dominating wafer-based silicon technology. One of the most promising of these thin film approaches is the crystalline silicon thin film cell. A consortium has been formed by partners from industry and from research organisations to investigate the potential of the new technology. The main goals are: - to define a cell concept appropriate to an industrial product - to show the feasibility of essential process steps - to perform a careful economic process evaluation In this project, only the high temperature approach for the silicon deposition will be discussed, and for economic reasons only chlorosilanes are discussed as silicon source. This limits the substrate materials to those that can withstand temperatures of higher than 1000 C, and which are chemically stable in contact with silicon at this high temperature. Furthermore, it has been decided to focus mainly on substrate materials based on silicon. This can be silicon itself, crystallised in form of sheets, or it can be a ceramic material based on silicon oxides, nitrides, or carbides. Expected achievements are the demonstration of: - an appropriate substrate and a low-cost fabrication technique - a fast and cost-effective deposition technique for silicon films - a cell technology which is compatible with mass fabrication - interconnection and encapsulation schemes for these new cells. An important feature of the research is the inclusion of a thorough economic evaluation. The Consortium is confident to be able to deliver data for an in-depth comparison of the new technology with other thin-film options, but also with the conventional thick silicon technique. It is the intention of this proposed work to direct research and development in the field of the crystalline silicon thin film solar cells towards the industrial perspectives. Prime Contractor: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Institut für Solare Energiesysteme; Freiburg im Breisgau; Germany.
Das Projekt "Metallurgical silicon based thin film solar cells" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme durchgeführt. General Information/Project Objectives: The objective of the project is to remove dependence of the photovoltaic industry on limited supplies of solar grade silicon feedstock, available as reject material from the microelectronics industry and replace it with the virtually unlimited supplies of metallurgical grade silicon. To realise this a low cost method of producing wafers in mg-Si must be found and must be coupled with a method of growing a thin film of silicon onto the substrate which can give a solar cell of good efficiency to enable a cost effective solar cell to be produced. Technical Approach: Emphasis will be placed on making use of the already available grades of mg-Si. These will be used to develop a low cost casting process for multicrystalline ingots for subsequent wafering. This should be possible as the substrate is not electrically active whereas in normal multicrystalline ingot fabrication particular attention is paid to maximising minority carrier diffusion length by slow solidification rates and the use of high purity crucibles. Wire sawing techniques and wafers cleaning techniques will be developed to utilise ingots which may have significant SiC inclusions. The thin film of silicon will be deposited by conventional epitaxial techniques with the importance of a buffer layer between the substrate and the film being evaluated. The design of a high throughput epitaxial reactor is essential to achieving low final product costs. A range of solar cell processes will be used to determine the most appropriate to achieve the necessary solar cell efficiency and process economics. Characterisation of the materials and solar cells will be undertaken as will a full economic evaluation of the preferred process. Expected Achievements and Exploitation: The project is aimed at achieving a process which uses metallurgical grade silicon feedstock to produce a photovoltaic module at a cost equivalent to or lower than present silicon module technologies where solar grade silicon feedstock is used. The demonstration of a solar cell of 12 per cent efficiency on a area of 100 cm2 is a major stepping stone in achieving this objective. The benefit of this project is that the PV industry will no longer be limited to the supply of silicon feedstock from the microelectronics industry thus allowing the implementation of photovoltaic generating systems to proceed without supply constraints. The industrial partners in material supply, equipment production, silicon wafer supply and photovoltaic manufacture will each seek to implement a successful outcome of the project. Prime Contractor: BP Solar Ltd.; Sunbury on Thames; United Kingdom.
Das Projekt "Large-area Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells (LARGECELLS)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Makromolekulare Chemie I durchgeführt. Objective: The task of developing large-area, thin film solar cells based on polymers as well as solid-state organic-inorganic (hybrid) systems will be undertaken. The required novel materials (charge transport polymers, semiconductor surfactants/compatibilizers and inorganic nanoparticles) will be synthesized and the compounds with the most potential will be scaled-up for the purpose of modern fabrication methods such as roll-to roll (R2R) processing. Additionally, the efficient devices will be tested and analyzed in out-door conditions in India and under accelerated ageing conditions in Israel to understand the degradation mechanism. Finally the basic information from stability studies will be used to design novel materials suitable for highly efficient devices of long-term stability. The programme is intensively intertwined with an Indian consortium, especially in the fields of novel materials, out-door testing, transfer and exchange of knowledge and methods.