This is the proteomics service project of the SFB924. It will perform proteomics analyses for all scientists involved.
The collection Myriapoda at the Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB) - Museum Koenig Bonn contain around 12.000 specimens, many in absolute alcohol for DNA studies. The pill millipedes of the order Glomerida and Sphaerotheiida are well represented.
During evolution plants have coordinated the seasonal timing of flowering and reproduction with the prevailing environmental conditions. With the onset of flowering plants undergo the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development. In agriculture, flowering is a prerequisite for crop production whenever seeds or fruits are harvested. In contrast, avoidance of flowering is necessary for harvesting vegetative parts of a plant. Late flowering also severely hampers breeding success due to long generation times. Thus, FTi (flowering time) regulation is of utmost importance for genetic improvement of crops. There are many new challenges for plant geneticists and breeders in the future (e.g. changing climate, need for higher yields, demand for vegetative biomass for bioenergy production), requiring novel approaches for altering the phenological development of a plant species beyond the currently available genetic variation. Changes in the expression of a single FTi regulator can suffice to drastically alter FTi. Exploiting the molecular fundament of FTi control offers new perspectives for knowledge-based breeding. Pleiotropic effects of FTi gene regulation beyond flowering time, such as yield parameters/hybrid yield were most recently demonstrated. This emerging field of research offers new possibilities for gaining insight into the very foundations of yield potential in crop plants. The Priority Programme aims to develop a functional cross-species network of FTi regulators for modelling developmental and associated (e.g. yield) characters in relation to environmental cues. Plant species with different phenological development will be investigated. Phylogenetic similarities can be used to infer similar functional interactions between FTi regulators in related crop species. Comparative analysis of FTi regulation among and between closely and remotely related species will identify distinct evolutionary paths towards optimisation of FTi in a diverse set of species and the branching points of divergence. Projects in this Priority Programme focus on genomic approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of FTi regulation also in crops, which thus far have not been a major target of research. Another focus is on non-genetic cues regulating FTi and hormonal constitution and nutrient supply.
This is the bioinformatics service project of the SFB924. It will support and train all scientists involved in bioinformatic analysis.
The uplift of the Himalaya-Tibet Orogen (HTO) has significantly influenced the global climate and due to its massive elevations and river incisions it likely played an important role as a speciation pump. However, our understanding of the historical biogeography of species in the HTO is far from being comprehensive, as are details of the spatiotemporal evolution of its uplift. The Himalaya plays a key role in elucidating these processes. Results from the applicant's preliminary work, based on molecular data from amphibians, provide initial indications for a Paleo-Tibetan origin of Himalayan faunal components, challenging the long-held belief of immigration from China-Indochina into the Himalaya. Yet, a comprehensive phylogeographic approach is needed, requiring a systematic sampling from biogeographically important regions and an extended analytical framework to pinpoint patterns of diversification in the Himalaya and adjacent regions and to uncover the relative contribution of in-situ speciation versus colonisation in the HTO. Within the project, the applicant will use four carefully chosen terrestrial model systems (spiny frogs, lazy toads, the Himalayan toad and ground skinks), that are sufficiently phylogenetically old and cover a range of different dispersal abilities and ecological preferences. Using cutting-edge targeted exon capture technology in combination with next generation DNA sequencing and state of the art phylogenetic analysis alternative phylogeographic hypotheses will be tested (immigration, vicariance, out-of-Tibet, Paleo-Tibetan origin) and estimate divergence times. The applicant pursues the following objectives with the study: i) Detailed phylogenetic inventory in areas along the southern slope of the Himalaya and surrounding mountain areas; ii) Reconstructing diversification/colonisation pattern; iii) Providing biological evidences for the time of (primary) uplifts of HTO components. Access to museum samples at the applicant's collaboration partners disposal includes almost all relevant species, guaranteeing fast progress of this project. Data amount and resulting statistical power will allow drawing conclusions in an unprecedented power on colonization history and uplift of the HTO. It will also allow identifying factors important for species diversification and contribute to an understanding of the Tertiary environmental conditions of the HTO.
Zuckerrüben sind zweijährige Pflanzen, die nach einer längeren Phase niedriger Temperaturen mit dem Schossen beginnen. Damit sind sie für eine Aussaat vor dem Winter ungeeignet. Schossresistente Winterrüben haben theoretisch ein deutlich höheres Ertragspotenzial und könnten so zu einer interessanten Alternative für die Rübenproduktion werden. Neulich wurden von uns zwei wesentliche Schossregulatoren identifiziert (BTC1 und BvBBX19). Vermutlich regulieren beide gemeinsam die Expression der stromabwärts gelegenen Blühgene BvFT1 und BvFT2. In diesem Projekt werden diese Schossregulatoren in Zusammenarbeit mit Projektpartnern im SPP1530 sowohl in Zuckerrübe als auch in transgenen Arabidopsis-Pflanzen funktionell analysiert. Während BTC1-überexprimierende Zuckerrüben mit einer Transgen-Kopie nach Winter schossen, ist in transgenen Pflanzen mit größer als 1 Kopie die BTC1-Expression nahezu vollständig herunterreguliert, so dass diese auch nach Winter nicht schossen. Als Grund vermuten wir Cosuppression des nativen Gens durch die neu hinzugefügten Kopien. Diese Ergebnisse stellen eine gute Grundlage für die Züchtung von Winterzuckerrüben dar. Innerhalb dieses Projektes werden Hybriden erzeugt, die über zwei BTC1- Transgene verfügen und in denen durch Cosuppression die Expression aller BTC1-Kopien stark herunter reguliert wird. Im Folgenden werden diese Hybriden in der Klimakammer, im halboffenen Gazehaus sowie unter Feldbedingungen über Winter angebaut. Parallel dazu werden in einem zweiten Experiment doppelt rezessive btc1 und Bvbbx19 Zuckerrüben mit einer deutlich ausgeprägten Schossverzögerung nach Winter erzeugt. Da diese Pflanzen nicht transgen sind, können sie ohne weiteres von Züchtern genutzt werden. Darüber hinaus ziehen wir Zuckerrüben unter standardisierten Bedingungen in einer Klimakammer an, um aus den Sproßmeristemen RNA zu isolieren. Diese Arbeiten sind Grundlage für ein Phylotranskriptom-Experiment, welches von dem Partner Prof. I. Grosse im Rahmen des SPP 1530 koordiniert wird.
Das Birkhuhn (Tetrao tetrix), einst typischer Bewohner von Moor- und Heidelandschaften, lebt in Deutschland außerhalb der Alpen nur noch in kleinen isolierten Vorkommen. Aufforstungen von Heideflächen und die Entwässerung und Kultivierung von Mooren reduzierten seinen Bestand. Heute steht das Birkhuhn als vom Aussterben bedrohte Art auf der Roten Liste der Brutvögel Deutschlands. Allein in Niedersachsen, wo außerhalb der Alpen noch der größte Birkhuhnbestand lebt, sank die Zahl der Tiere innerhalb der letzten 30 Jahre von rund 4.000 auf heute 200. Das Projekt untersucht die für den Artenschutz zentrale Frage, wie sich die voneinander isolierten Populationen in Deutschland an Veränderungen ihrer Lebensräume anpassen. Daraus sollen dann konkrete Empfehlungen für den Schutz des Birkhuhns abgeleitet werden.
Plant sterols, also called phytosterols, comprise a group of plant steroidal compounds. They are of interest because they play a crucial role in plant growth and development and as part of the human diet they are known for their blood cholesterol-lowering effects. High phytosterol contents occur in seeds of oilseed crops, the relevance of which remains hitherto unknown. In contrast to Arabidopsis nothing is know about the genes governing phytosterol content in Brassica species. In previous work, a large genetic. variation for phytosterol content has been found among German winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cultivars. So far no information is available on total phytosterol contents or individual components in Indian mustard B. juncea. Suitable segregating doubled haploid populations of B. napus, and of B. juncea have already been developed and will be used in the present project to map QTL for individual and total seed phytosterol content as well as for other seed quality traits. Key candidate genes of the phytosterol biosynthetic pathway with known sequences from Arabidopsis will be sequenced from the progenitor species Brassica rapa, Brassica nigra and Brassica oleracea to develop locus specific PCR primers. Those locus specific primers will be used to sequence the pertinent alleles in the respective amphidiploid species B. napus and B. juncea. Allelic sequence differences between the parents of the doubled haploid populations will be used to map the candidate genes. Results will reveal if positions of candidate genes overlap with those of QTL for phytosterol content and if genetic variation in phytosterol content is related to variation in other seed quality traits.
Poplar could succeed in nutrient rich areas as well as in nutrient poor forests soils where plants live in symbiosis with certain soil fungi to enable sufficient nutrition. Due to its huge demand, nitrogen, as major nutrient, is of special interest for poplar nutrition. In this project we want to characterize nitrate, ammonium and amino acid transporters from poplar roots that are differentially regulated as result of nitrogen nutrition (shortage or nitrogen excess), or by plant/fungus interaction. The kinetic parameters of selected transporters will be determined by heterologous expression. Tissue and organ specific expression of certain transporter genes will be investigated by Northern blot and RT-PCR and by the utilization of poplar transformants containing promoter-GFP fusions. GFP fusions with truncated promoters will also be used for the identification of cis-elements responsible for the nitrogen-dependent expression of selected transporter genes. In addition, the global impact of nitrogen nutrition on poplar gene expression will be investigated using macro and micro arrays hybridization and probes of poplar roots grown at different nitrogen sources and concentrations as well as mycorrhizas.
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