Das Projekt "Concerted action on voluntary approaches" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt. General Information: Rationale for a concerted action on voluntary approaches The fifth European Programme of Action adopted in 1992 encourages a new approach to environmental policy. Besides market-based instruments, the promotion of voluntary initiatives and agreements is considered as a key component of this new approach. Four years later the Commission reiterates this statement with the adoption of a Communication (Com 96/561), setting a framework for the use and devising of environmental accords with polluting industries. These are the first results of an attempt in catching up with the reality of environmental policy in the EU at the national level, where more than 310 Voluntary Approaches have been inventoried. Theoretical and empirical research on Voluntary Approaches has been growing in the same time. For instance the Commission has initiated several studies and more than 60 academic papers have been published in this area. However, research is still very atomicised. Also, interactions between researchers and policy users are lacking. This is unlike other research areas such as environmental taxation, where networks have been deployed since quite a time now. Objectives Much research work on Voluntary Approaches in environmental policy has been done and is currently under way in the fields of economics and legal sciences. But in the absence of systematic interaction between the main researchers, there is a considerable risk that the whole will be less than the sum of the parts. By facilitating interaction, this proposal is designed to ensure that: R and D in this area is of the highest quality, has a cohesive focus and is made available to potential users. Members and methodology This concerted action involves bringing together the main teams of voluntary approaches research expertise in Europe. These are: AKF, Copenhagen (Anders Larsen), CERNA, Paris (Francois Leveque, Coordinator), Fundazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Venice (Carlo Carraro), Oeko-Institut, Darmstadt (Gerhard Roller), University of Gent (Mark de Clercq), University College Dublin (Frank J. Convery). The work programme will be organised in six sub-themes: the nature of VA's, the efficiency of VA's, VA's and competition, Institutional aspects of VA's, Legal aspects and implications of VA's, VA's at the international stage. Each of the teams will organise an academic workshop (in order to share specialist issues in data selection, methodologies, theoretical underpinnings and so on) and a seminar for specialist practitioners (as an interface with policy users) on one of the sub-themes. This will lead to the organising of an international conference in Brussels for high level practitioners and the publishing of a handbook, both including the key theoretical and practical ... Prime Contractor: Association pour la Recherche et le Developpement des methods et Processus industriels, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris Centre D'Economie Industriel - CERNA; Paris; France.
Das Projekt "Untersuchung der Verwitterung von Steingebaeuden - photogrammetrische Analyse, katalytische Einfluesse" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von DMT-Gesellschaft für Forschung und Prüfung mbH durchgeführt. Zielsetzung: Im Rahmen des Gesamtprojekts 'Monument studies' - Projektleitung TCD - sollen in zwei Teilprojekten Verwitterungserscheinungen an steinernen Bauwerken untersucht werden: einmal soll eine photogrammetrische Methode zur Erfassung von Verwitterungsschaeden entwickelt werden, dann sollen Umwelteinfluesse auf Steinmaterialien in Freifeld- und Simulationsversuchen untersucht werden. Arbeitsprogramm: 1) Untersuchung und kartografische Aufzeichnung von Verwitterungsphaenomenen an Steingebaeuden durch Analyse von photogrammetrischen Aufnahmen: Entwicklung einer aussagekraeftigen Analysemethode, Test an zwei oder drei Gebaeuden aus Sandstein, Uebertragung auf eine oder zwei andere Gesteinsarten. 2) Auswirkung von Umwelteinfluessen auf Steinmaterialien (Bauwerke) - Untersuchung katalytischer Einfluesse auf den Verwitterungsprozess: Freifelduntersuchungen, Simulation in einer Wetterkammer, Einfluesse von SO2, NOx und Staeuben. Letzter Stand der Arbeiten zum 31.12.1992: Die Entwicklung der photogrammetrischen Auswertemethode ist abgeschlossen worden. Es liegen Erfahrungen fuer 2 Objekte (St. Stephanus, Oestinghausen und Provost House, Dublin) vor. Die Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Immissionskomponenten sind in ihrer Hauptphase. Ergebnisse liegen zur Einwirkung von SO2 bei verschiedenen Feuchten vor. NOx als zusaetzliche Komponente wird zur Zeit untersucht.