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Stable Nitrogen isotope composition of common wheat in intercropping with Persian clover (Tuscany, Italy)

Intercropping is the simultaneous growth of two or more crops in the same space for a significant part of their life cycle (Willey, 1979). In this context, samples from one farm experiments in the growing season 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, embedded in the cropping systems of one arable farm in the surrounding of Pisa, central-western part of Italy, were collected for analysis. The treatments were: PCW, a temporary intercropping system of wheat and persian clover, sown in paired rows; CONTROLSTRIP, unfertilized wheat as a sole crop, sown in paired rows.

Model output for: “Feeding ten billion people is possible within four terrestrial planetary boundaries”

The netCDF data stored here represent crop production simulations from the LPJmL biosphere model underlying the different steps of the U-turn portrayed in the main paper by Gerten et al. The LPJmL data cover the entire globe with a spatial resolution of 0.5° for the baseline period as well as for different scenarios reflecting the studied ways to restrict crop production through maintaining planetary boundaries on the one hand and the various opportunities to increase food supply within the boundaries on the other hand (see paper, specifically Figs. 1 & 2, Table 2). The stored variable is crop production (fresh matter) multiplied by the fractional coverage of different crop functional types, per 0.5° grid cell. The data are provided in one netCDF file for each scenario. An overview of the scenarios assigned to the folder names is given in the file inventory.The data support the study: Gerten, D., Heck, V., Jägermeyr, J., Bodirsky, B.L., Fetzer, I., Jalava, M., Kummu, M., Lucht, W., Rockström, J., Schaphoff, S., Schellnhuber, H.J.: Feeding ten billion people is possible within four terrestrial planetary boundaries. Nature Sustainability (2020).

The PROFOUND database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on European forests

Version History:29 April 2020: Release of Version 0.3This is an updated version of Reyer et al., (2019, V. 0.1.12, http://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2019.008). All changes and updates are documented in the changelog available via the data download section.Current process-based vegetation models are complex scientific tools that require proper evaluation of the different processes included in the models to prove that the models can be used to integrate our understanding of forest ecosystems and project climate change impacts on forests. The PROFOUND database (PROFOUND DB) described here aims to bring together data from a wide range of data sources to evaluate vegetation models and simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale.It has been designed to fulfill two objectives:- Allow for a thorough evaluation of complex, process-based vegetation models using multiple data streams covering a range of processes at different temporal scales- Allow for climate impact assessments by providing the latest climate scenario data.Therefore, the PROFOUND DB provides general a site description as well as soil, climate, CO2, Nitrogen deposition, tree-level, forest stand-level and remote sensing data for 9 forest stands spread throughout Europe. Moreover, for a subset of 5 sites, also time series of carbon fluxes, energy balances and soil water are available. The climate and nitrogen deposition data contains several datasets for the historic period and a wide range of future climate change scenarios following the Representative Emission Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5).In addition, we also provide pre-industrial climate simulations that allow for model runs aimed at disentangling the contribution of climate change to observed forest productivity changes. The PROFOUND Database is available freely but we incite users to respect the data policies of the individual datasets as provided in the metadata of each data file. The database can also be accessed via the PROFOUND R-package, which provides basic functions to explore, plot and extract the data.The data (PROFOUND DB) are provided in two different versions (ProfoundData.sqlite download as ProfoundData.zip, ProfoundData_ASCII.zip) accompanied by a change-log to the previous published version (changelog_Profound-DB_v03.pdf), auxiliary data of reconstructed single tree data at the site Sorø (Soroe_DBH_H_AGE_20200428.zip) and documented by the three explanatory documents:(1) PROFOUNDdatabase.pdf: describes the structure, organisation and content of the PROFOUND DB.(2) PROFOUNDsites.pdf: displays the main data of the PROFOUND DB for each of the 9 forest sites in tables and plots.(3) ProfoundData.pdf: explains how to use the PROFOUND R-Package "ProfoundData" to access the PROFOUND DB and provides example scripts on how to apply it.

LPJmL5 Model Code

LPJmL5 is a dynamical global vegetation model that simulates climate and land-use change impacts on the terrestrial biosphere, the water, carbon and nitrogen cycle and on agricultural production. In particular, processes of soil nitrogen dynamics, plant uptake, nitrogen allocation, response of photosynthesis and maintenance respiration to varying nitrogen concentrations in plant organs, and agricultural nitrogen management are included into the model. A comprehensive description of the model is given by von Bloh et al. (2017,http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-228).We here present the LPJmL5 model code described and used by the publications in GMD: Implementing the Nitrogen cycle into the dynamic global vegetation, hydrology and crop growth model LPJmL (version 5) (von Bloh et al., 2017)The model code of LPJmL5 is programmed in C and can be run in parallel mode using MPI. Makefiles are provided for different platforms. Further informations on how to run LPJmL5 is given in the INSTALL file. Additionally to the publication a html documentation and manual pages are provided.The LPJmL5 version is based on LPJmL3.5 that is not publicly available. The LPJmL4 version without nitrogen cycle but with an updated phenology scheme can be found on github (https://github.com/PIK-LPJmL/LPJmL).

The PROFOUND database for evaluating vegetation models and simulating climate impacts on forests

Current process-based vegetation models are complex scientific tools that require proper evaluation of the different processes included in the models to prove that the models can be used to integrate our understanding of forest ecosystems and project climate change impacts on forests. The PROFOUND database (PROFOUND DB) described here aims to bring together data from a wide range of data sources to evaluate vegetation models and simulate climate impacts at the forest stand scale.It has been designed to fulfill two objectives:- Allow for a thorough evaluation of complex, process-based vegetation models using multiple data streams covering a range of processes at different temporal scales- Allow for climate impact assessments by providing the latest climate scenario data.Therefore, the PROFOUND DB provides general a site description as well as soil, climate, CO2, Nitrogen deposition, tree-level, forest stand-level and remote sensing data for 9 forest stands spread throughout Europe. Moreover, for a subset of 5 sites, also time series of carbon fluxes, energy balances and soil water are available. The climate and nitrogen deposition data contains several datasets for the historic period and a wide range of future climate change scenarios following the Representative Emission Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5).In addition, we also provide pre-industrial climate simulations that allow for model runs aimed at disentangling the contribution of climate change to observed forest productivity changes. The PROFOUND Database is available freely but we incite users to respect the data policies of the individual datasets as provided in the metadata of each data file. The database can also be accessed via the PROFOUND R-package, which provides basic functions to explore, plot and extract the data.The data (PROFOUND DB) are provided in two different versions (ProfoundData.sqlite download as ProfoundData.zip, ProfoundData_ASCII.zip) and documented by the following three documents:(1) PROFOUNDdatabase.pdf: describes the structure, organisation and content of the PROFOUND DB.(2) PROFOUNDsites.pdf: displays the main data of the PROFOUND DB for each of the 9 forest sites in tables and plots.(3) ProfoundData.pdf: explains how to use the PROFOUND R-Package "ProfoundData" to access the PROFOUND DB and provides example scripts on how to apply it.

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