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Tsunami flow depth in Lima/Callao (Peru) caused by six hypothetical simplified tsunami scenarios offshore Lima

This data collection contains six inundation maps in Lima and Callao (Peru) based on tsunami simulations with the wave propagation and run-up model TsunAWI (see Rakowsky et al. 2015). The simulations were carried out in the framework of the RIESGOS project (see riesgos.de). The sources are hypothetical earthquake events in the magnitude range Mw 8.5 to Mw 9.0 offshore Lima. The source area of the events is based on the historical event from October 1746, the parameters are derived from the study Jimenez et al. (2013). The sources are considerably simplified since we aim at a systematic investigation of the tsunami impact and restrict the parameter variation between scenarios to one parameter only, the slip value. The source area is split into five subfaults, however we use a constant slip distribution. The corresponding tsunami simulations are carried out in a triangular mesh with resolution ranging from 7km in the deep ocean to a finest value of about 7m in the coastal land part of the pilot area Lima/Callao. The flow depth distribution in Lima/Callao obtained from the simulation is interpolated to a raster file and provided as Golden Software Binary Grids. The numerical results are obtained from simulations with the finite element model TsunAWI (Rakowsky et al. 2015). The mesh resolution in the pilot area Lima/Callao is approximately 20m, the smallest edge length is about 7m. The main model parameters are listed in Table 1. Concerning the bottom roughness, we use a constant Manning coefficient of 0.02 in all of the model domain.

EWRICA - Docker container for Early-Warning and Rapid Impact Assessment with real-time GNSS data

The Early-Warning and Rapid Impact Assessment with real-time GNSS in the Mediterranean (EWRICA) is a federal Ministry of Education and Research funded project (funding period: 2020-2023) that aims to develop fast kinematic and point source inversion and modeling tools combining GNSS-based near field data with traditional broadband ground velocity and accelerometer data. Fast and robust estimates of seismic source parameters are essential for reliable hazard estimates, e.g. in the frame of tsunami early warning. Hence, EWRICA aims for the development and testing of new real time seismic source inversion techniques based on local surface displacements. The resulting methods shall be applied for tsunami early warning purposes in the Mediterranean area. In this framework, this repository is a suite of four packages that can be used and combined in different ways and are ewricacore, ewricasiria, ewricagm and ewricawebapp. These four packages can be deployed in a docker container (see instructions below) to demonstrate a possible output of Early-Warning and Rapid Impact Assessment. In the Docker, a probabilistic earthquake source inversion report (ewricasiria) and a Neural network based Shake map (ewricagm) are generated for two past earthquakes whose data (event and waveform) is continuously served by GEOFON servers at regualr intervals to produce and test a real case scenario. The whole workflow is managed by ewricacore, a central unit of work that first fetches the waveform data via the seedlink protocol and event data via event bus or FDSN web service, then collects and cuts waveforms segments according to a custom configuration, and eventually triggers custom processing (ewricasiria and ewricagm in the docker, but any processing can be implemented) whenever configurable conditions are met. The final package, ewricawebapp is a web-based graphical user interface that can be opened in your local browser or deployed on your web server in order to visualize and check all output produced by the docker workflow in form of HTML pges, images and data in various formats (e.g., JSON, log text files). The EWRICA Docker package includes the following tools: ewricacore: Central unit for all Ewrica components and event/data listener ewricagm: Create ground motion maps via pre-trained Neural Network ewricasiria: Ewrica Source Inversion and Rapid Impact Assessment Python package ewricawebapp: Ewrica web portal and GUI demo grond: A probabilistic earthquake source inversion framework (Heimann et al., 2018) stationsxml-archive: Storage repository for synchronizing Station XMLs

RRVS Building survey for building exposure modelling in Chía (Colombia)

The dataset contains a set of structural and non-structural attributes collected using the GFZ RRVS (Remote Rapid Visual Screening) methodology. It is composed by 6249 randomly distributed buildings in the urban area of Chía (Colombia). The survey has been carried out between May and July 2020 using a Remote Rapid Visual Screening system developed by GFZ and employing omnidirectional images from Google StreetView (and footprints from OpenStreetMap (OSM), both with vintages of May 2020. The buildings were inspected by dozens of local students of civil engineering students from the Universidad de La Sabana (Chía, Colombia). Their attribute values in terms of the GEM v.2.0 taxonomy.

Residential building exposure and physical vulnerability models for ground-shaking and tsunami risk in Lima and Callao (Peru)

This data publication is composed by two main folders: (1) “Top-down_exposure_modelling_Lima” and (2) “Vulnerability_models_Lima/”. The first one contains a complete collection of data models used to represent the residential building portfolio of Lima and Callao (Peru) using a top-down approach (census-based desktop study). Therein, the reader can find a comprehensive description of the procedure of how the exposure models were constructed. This includes python scripts and postprocessed geodatasets to represent these building stock into predefined and separate classes for earthquake and tsunami physical vulnerabilities. The second folder contains sets of fragility functions for these building classes and the assumed economic consequence model. These models are suplement material of a submitted paper (Gomez-Zapata et al., 2021b). Please note it is an unpublished preprint version at the time of writing this document. The reader is strongly advised to look for the definitive version once (if so) it is accepted and published.

Spatial representation of direct loss estimates on the residential building stock of Lima (Peru) from decoupled earthquake and tsunami scenarios on variable resolutions exposure models

This data repository contains the spatial distribution of the direct financial loss computed expected for the residential building stock of Metropolitan Lima (Peru) after the occurrence of six decoupled earthquake and tsunami risk scenarios (Gomez-Zapata et al., 2021a; Harig and Rakowsky, 2021). These risk scenarios were independently calculated making use of the DEUS (Damage Exposure Update Service) available in https://github.com/gfzriesgos/deus. The reader can find documentation about this programme in (Brinckmann et al, 2021) where the input files required by DEUS and outputs are comprehensively described. Besides the spatially distributed hazard intensity measures (IM), other inputs required by DEUS to computed the decoupled risk loss estimates comprise: spatially aggregated building exposure models classified in every hazard-dependent scheme. Each class must be accompanied by their respective fragility functions, and financial consequence model (with loss ratios per involved damage state). The collection of inputs is presented in Gomez-Zapata et al. (2021b). The risk estimates are computed for each spatial aggregation areas of the exposure model. For such a purpose, the initial damage state of the buildings is upgraded from undamaged (D0) to any progressive damage state permissible by the fragility functions. The resultant outputs are spatially explicit .JSON files that use the same spatial aggregation boundaries of the initial building exposure models. An aggregated direct financial loss estimate is reported for each cell after every hazard scenario. It is reported one seismic risk loss distribution outcome for each of the 2000 seismic ground motion fields (GMF) per earthquake magnitude (Gomez-Zapata et al., 2021a). Therefore, 1000 seismic risk estimates from uncorrelated GMF are stored in “Clip_Mwi_uncorrelated” and 1000 seismic risk estimates from spatially cross-correlated GMF (using the model proposed by Markhvida et al. (2018)) are stored in “Clip_ Mwi_correlated”. It is worth noting that the prefix “clip” of these folders refers to the fact that, all of the seismic risk estimates were clipped with respect to the geocells were direct tsunami risk losses were obtained. This spatial compatibility in the losses obtained for similar areas and Mw allowed the construction of the boxplots that are presented in Figure 16 in Gomez-Zapata et al., (2021). The reader should note that folder “All_exposure_models_Clip_8.8_uncorrelated_and_correlated” also contains another folder entitled “SARA_entire_Lima_Mw8.8” where the two realisations (with and without correlation model) selected to produce Figure 10 in Gomez-Zapata et al., (2021) are stored. Moreover, the data to produce Figure 9 (boxplots comparing the variability in the seismic risk loss estimates for this specific Mw 8.8, are presented in the following .CSV file: “Lima_Mw_8.8_direct_finantial_loss_distributions_all_spatial_aggregations_Corr_and_NoCorr.csv”. Naturally, 1000 values emulating the 1000 realisations are the values that compose the variability expressed in that figure. Since that is a preliminary study (preprint version), the reader is invited to track the latest version of the actually published (if so) journal paper and check the actual the definitive numeration of the aforementioned figures.

Probabilistic inter-scheme compatibility matrices for buildings. An application using existing vulnerability models for earthquakes and tsunami from synthetic datasets constructed using the AeDEs form through expert-based heuristics

This folder contains the scripts, input and output files required to calculate the inter-scheme conversion matrices for building types and the implicit damage states of their respective fragility models for two selected vulnerability schemes: one for earthquakes and the other for tsunamis. They were used in previous studies to characterize the residential building stock of Lima. The outcomes generated in this data repository are valuable inputs to then calculate the disaggregated and cumulative damage and losses expected for cascading hazard scenarios.

Customised focus maps and resultant CVT-based aggregation entities for Lima and Callao (Peru)

This data publication is composed by two main folders: (1) “Focus_map_construction” and (2) “CVT_models”. The first one contains the individual raster inputs (tsunami inundation and population distribution) that are combined to construct two different focus maps for the cities of Lima and Callao (Peru). The reader can find a more complete description about the focus map concept in Pittore (2015). These raster focus maps are used as inputs to generate variable-resolution CVT (Central Voronoi Tessellation) geocells following the method presented in Pittore et al., (2020). They are vector-based data (ESRI shapefiles) that are stored in the second folder. These resultant CVT-geocells are used by Gomez-Zapata et al., (2021) as spatial aggregation boundaries to represent the residential building portfolio for the cities of Lima and Callao (Peru).

Creation of simplified state-dependent fragility functions through ad-hoc scaling factors to account for previous damage in a multi-hazard risk context. An application to flow-depth-based analytical tsunami fragility functions for the Pacific coast of South America

This data repository contains a brief description of the building classification scheme for physical vulnerability to tsunamis and corresponding fragility functions originally proposed by Medina, 2019. These fragility functions are used as input to construct their associated state-dependent fragility functions using scaling factors, which were obtained as ad-hoc calibration parameters. A Python script to produce a file with such a model is provided along with the needed inputs and resulting output files.

Seismic ground motion fields for six deterministic earthquake scenarios (Mw 8.5-9.0) for Lima (Peru)

This repository contains spatially distributed ground motion fields (GMF) for six determinist subduction earthquake scenarios for Metropolitan Lima and Callao (Peru). They have moment magnitudes between Mw 8.5 to 9.0 and emulate the historical earthquake that occurred in 1746 and caused extensive damage to that area. 1000 ground motion realisations in .XML format are generated using a single ground motion prediction equation per earthquake rupture with uncorrelated and cross-correlated residuals.

Tsunami simulation Green's function toolbox TS-GAUSS

TS-GAUSS is a toolbox including (i) software and (ii) datasets for instant calculations of tsunami time-series for an arbitrary seismic source at pre-selected coastal locations. The toolbox exploits the concept of the surface Green's functions (Molinari et al., 2016; https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2593-2016) and consists of the two consequent steps: (1) ruptGen code to simulate initial tsunami conditions for an arbitrary seismic source and (2) code to make linear combination of the pre-computed Gaussian Green's functions. Correspondingly, TS-GAUSS toolbox also includes datasets of Green's functions for selected geographical regions to download. This work has received funding from the European Union thought the Geo-INQUIRE project (GA 101058518), within the Research Infrastructures Programme of Horizon Europe.

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