Other language confidence: 0.9571107749027334
This dataset includes 1-hour GNSS coordinate product processed by GFZ. The observations are from the two GNSS station installed by BKG on the small offshore island of Heligoland in the North Sea. These products are hourly position time series (North, East and Vertical). The 30-second daily RINEX files since 2020 are downloaded from BKG. Together with 5 IGS stations in Europe, the collected RINEX data are processed with the Earth Parameter and Orbit System (EPOS) software from GFZ. The EPOS software uses un-difference carrier phase and pseudo-range observables from GPS and GLONASS L1 and L2 frequencies. They formed an ionosphere-free linear combination to remove the first-order ionosphere effect in the observation. The phase center variation (PCV/PCO) of the satellite and ground station antenna are corrected by IGb14. The station deformation caused by ocean tide loading is modeled by the FES2004 model. Apriori zenith hydro-static/non-hydro-static delay is obtained using the Global Pressure and Temperature model (GPT2) and Vienna mapping functions (VMF) in a 6-hour grid file database. To ensure consistency in the GNSS data analysis, we took the GNSS precise satellite orbits as well as clock products from the 2nd reprocessed (before 2014) and routine (since 2015) yield by EPOS software. The same station parameters are set up as used for the GNSS orbit and clock estimation. All the GNSS data were processed in units of 24 hours periods. The estimated parameters are (i) the receiver clock error for every epoch as white noise, (ii) the hourly station coordinates, (iii) daily tropospheric gradients, (iv) the daily inter-system clock bias for GLONASS, and (v) 2-hour tropospheric wet zenith delays with random-walk constrain.
The TectoVision GNSS network in Greece was set up using European Research Council funding in partnership between German and Greek institutions. The project aims to deepen our understanding of suspected microplate motions in Greece. A total of 72 GNSS stations are planned for the TectoVision network. Two types of GNSS station equipment is used, reflected by the 4 character station ID. Stations with ID beginning with 'TT' were installed using the tinyBlack receiver. The stations with ID beginning 'TM' were set up using the Minimum Cost GNSS System (MCGS) design. RINEX (v3.05 as of May 2024) data at 30 seconds sampling interval are provided. Most of the data are sent over mobile internet via routers that are connected to the receivers via LAN cable. If required, the RINEX files can be converted to other versions using the GFZ software GFZRNX (Nischan, 2016). Raw observation data can be made available upon specific request. Hardware: The GFZ developed tinyBlack receiver combines cost efficient L2C GNSS receivers (here Swiftnav Piksi) with PC-based data logger package, internal storage, and interfaces. The control software is designed for remote operation ensuring long-term continuous tracking. The tinyBlack receivers provided by the GFZ spin-off maRam UG (Germany) are installed in combination with Harxon GPS500 survey antennas. The tinyBlack stations provide GPS (L1/L2), GLONASS (G1/G2), and Galileo (E1/E5b) data. The low-cost MCGS stations are coming in 2 versions from a GNSS technology transfer project at GFZ. Both versions operate a ublox F9P receiver and an integrated chip-antenna with a pyramidal antenna radome. One version provides GPS (L1/L2), Glonass (G1/G2), Galileo (E1/E5b) and also Beidou (B1/B2) data. The other version (currently only 3 systems installed) is designed for low power operation in remote areas with data telemetry over a narrrow bandwidth radio link. This version delivers only GPS (L1/L2) data without doppler observations at a reduced data rate of 60 seconds. Monumentation: There is a variety of monumentation for these stations, with the design of the monumentation being low-cost. Most are connected to a thread that is attached to a stainless steel pin which is glued into masonry or bedrock. Most sites are installed on rooftops of public buildings. The MCGS is sometimes clamped to an existing sturdy pole connected to the roof of the building. Some stations are connected to an extending stainless-steel arm that we have drilled into the side of a building. Photos of the station are provided with the standard GNSS station log-files (as metadata). If the instrumentation at existing monuments is later changed to other hardware types, the station ID retain the original TT and TM 4-character IDs. Metadata: Station-specific metadata records are stored in IGS sitelog files available via ftp.
Monthly gravity fields from Swarm A, B, and C, using the integral equation approach with short arcs. Software: GROOPS; Approach: Short-arc approach (Mayer-Gürr, 2006); Kinematic orbit product: IfG Graz: https://ftp.tugraz.at/outgoing/ITSG/satelliteOrbitProducts/operational/Swarm-1/kinematicOrbit/; Arc length: 45 minutes; Reference GFM: GOCO06s (Kvas et. al, 2021), monthly mean has been added back to the solution; Drag model: NRLMSIS2; SRP and EARP and EIRP models: Vielberg & Kusche (2020); Empirical parameters: + for non-gravitational accelerations (sum of Drag+SRP+EIRP+EARP): Bias per arc and direction; + for Drag: Scale per arc and direction; + for radiation pressure (sum of SRP+EIRP+EARP): Scale per day and direction; Non-tidal model: Atmosphere and Ocean De-aliasing Level 1B RL06 (Dobslaw et al., 2017); Ocean tidal model: 2014 finite element solution FES2014b (Carrere et al., 2015); Atmospheric tidal model: AOD1B RL06 atmospheric tides ; Solid Earth tidal model: IERS2010; Pole tidal model: IERS2010; Ocean pole tidal model: IERS2010 (Desai 2002); Third-body perturbations: Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, following the JPL DE421 Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides (Folkner et al., 2014).
The Early-Warning and Rapid Impact Assessment with real-time GNSS in the Mediterranean (EWRICA) is a federal Ministry of Education and Research funded project (funding period: 2020-2023) that aims to develop fast kinematic and point source inversion and modeling tools combining GNSS-based near field data with traditional broadband ground velocity and accelerometer data. Fast and robust estimates of seismic source parameters are essential for reliable hazard estimates, e.g. in the frame of tsunami early warning. Hence, EWRICA aims for the development and testing of new real time seismic source inversion techniques based on local surface displacements. The resulting methods shall be applied for tsunami early warning purposes in the Mediterranean area. In this framework, this repository is a suite of four packages that can be used and combined in different ways and are ewricacore, ewricasiria, ewricagm and ewricawebapp. These four packages can be deployed in a docker container (see instructions below) to demonstrate a possible output of Early-Warning and Rapid Impact Assessment. In the Docker, a probabilistic earthquake source inversion report (ewricasiria) and a Neural network based Shake map (ewricagm) are generated for two past earthquakes whose data (event and waveform) is continuously served by GEOFON servers at regualr intervals to produce and test a real case scenario. The whole workflow is managed by ewricacore, a central unit of work that first fetches the waveform data via the seedlink protocol and event data via event bus or FDSN web service, then collects and cuts waveforms segments according to a custom configuration, and eventually triggers custom processing (ewricasiria and ewricagm in the docker, but any processing can be implemented) whenever configurable conditions are met. The final package, ewricawebapp is a web-based graphical user interface that can be opened in your local browser or deployed on your web server in order to visualize and check all output produced by the docker workflow in form of HTML pges, images and data in various formats (e.g., JSON, log text files). The EWRICA Docker package includes the following tools: ewricacore: Central unit for all Ewrica components and event/data listener ewricagm: Create ground motion maps via pre-trained Neural Network ewricasiria: Ewrica Source Inversion and Rapid Impact Assessment Python package ewricawebapp: Ewrica web portal and GUI demo grond: A probabilistic earthquake source inversion framework (Heimann et al., 2018) stationsxml-archive: Storage repository for synchronizing Station XMLs
The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. As part of this network, the Larzac station (code LA) was established in 2011 by GM - OSU OREME. Continuous time-varying gravity and atmospheric pressure data from LA are integrated in the IGETS data base hosted by ISDC (Information System and Data Centre) at GFZ. The gravimetry laboratory is located at 50 km at the West of Montpellier (longitude: 3.22 E, latitude: 43.97 N, height above MSL: 670 m) in the Larzac Observatory (https://deims.org/83b01fa5-747f-47be-9185-408d73a90fb2). It has been designed to monitor hydro-meteorological parameters in a karstic and Mediterranean environment. To monitor groundwater resources, an SG manufactured by GWR Instruments, the iGrav#002, has been installed in the observatory at the begin of June 2011. Research activities are aimed at both validate gravimeters (eg Gphone in Fores et al., 2019 or AQG-A in Menoret et al., 2018). The time series of gravity and barometric pressure from the gravimeter iGrav-002 starts in June 2011. The time sampling of the raw gravity and barometric pressure data of IGETS Level 1 is both 1 minute and 1 second. For a detailed description of the IGETS data base and the provided files see Voigt et al. (2016, http://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-16087). Moreover the observatory is also equipped with a permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) antenna HOLA, a large band seismometer and an eddy-correlation flux tower belonging of the RENAG network (RESIF-RENAG French National Geodetic Network, RESIF – Réseau Sismologique et Géodésique Français, https://doi.org/10.15778/resif.rg, 2017) which is the French contribution to EPOS for the Seismology and Geodesy components.
This supplement contains GNSS displacement time series, fluid loading displacement time series predictions, and trajectory models for these time series. The time series are for the study regions of the paper: "Months-Long thousand-km-scale wobbling before great subduction earthquakes". These study regions are (1) Japan and surrounding countries and (2) Chile and surrounding countries. Network solution daily GNSS time series displacements in Chile and surrounding countries in the South American network have been produced by GFZ. Network solution daily GNSS time series of displacements in Japan have been produced by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI). PPP daily GNSS time series of displacements in Japan and surrounding countries have been produced by the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno. Fluid loading predictions have been made using the HYDL, NTOL, NTAL, and SLEL products of the ESMGFZ. Readme ascii files in this data supplement contain instructions on how the data are ordered. Furthermore, the Readme file contains the relevant references and acknowledgments for readers who want to use these data in their own published studies.
This dataset provides Near Realtime Orbits (NRT) from the Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) satellite TerraSAR-X. It is part of the compilation of GFZ NRT products for various LEO missions and the appropriate GNSS constellation in sp3 format. The individual solutions for each satellite mission are published with individual DOI as part of the compilation (Schreiner et al., 2022). The TerraSAR-X NRT cover the period - from 2007 264 to up-to-date The LEO NRTs in version 2 are generated based on the 30-hour GPS NRTs in two pieces for the actual day with arc lengths of 14 hours and overlaps of 2 hours. One starting at 22:00 and ending at 12:00, one starting at 10:00 and ending at 24:00. Due to the extended length of the constellation, there is no need to concatenate several constellations for day-overlapping arcs. The accuracy of the LEO NRTs is at the level of 1-2 cm in terms of SLR validation. Each solution in version 2 is given in the Conventional Terrestrial Reference System (CTS) based on the IERS 2010 conventions and related to the ITRF-2014 reference frame. The exact time covered by an arc is defined in the header of the files and indicated as well as in the filename.
This data set includes digital image correlation data from thirteen analogue earthquakes generated by means of an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach. The data consists of grids of 3D static coseismic surface displacements. The data have been derived using a stereo camera setup and processed with LaVision Davis 8 software. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and results regarding the control of geodetic coverage on the slip inversion problem can be found in Kosari et al. (2020) to which this data set is supplementary material. We use an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach (Rosenau et al., 2017) to generate a catalogue of analogue megathrust earthquakes (Table 1). The presented experimental setup is modified from the 3D setup used in Rosenau et al. (2019). To monitor surface deformation of the wedge analogue model a stereoscopic set of two CCD cameras (LaVision Imager pro X 11MPx, 14 bit) monitors images the wedge surface continuously at 2.5 Hz. To derive observational data similar to those from geodetic techniques, i.e. velocities at the location on the surface, we use digital image correlation (DIC, Adam et al., 2005) to derive the 3D incremental surface displacement (or velocity) at high spatial resolution (< 0.1 mm). The time series of incremental surface displacement data was calculated using LaVision Davis 8 software. The result is an evenly spaced grid of vectors per time step, oriented parallel with respect to the principal dimensions of the box.
IGG-SLR-DORIS is a series of GRACE-like gravity field solutions going back to 1984 based on tracking data to up to 16 satellites, observed either by satellite laser ranging (SLR) or by means of the Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellites (DORIS) system. The match with GRACE in spatial resolution is achieved by representing the gravity field by empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) obtained by a principal component analysis of the GRACE/GRACE-FO solutions. To make the modelling more adaptive, the EOFs are supplemented by low-degree spherical harmonics. IGG-SLR-DORIS is intended to replace the previously released IGG-SLR-HYBRID solution which applied the same parametrization. It could be shown that the combined SLR/DORIS solution is clearly superior, reducing the average difference to the GRACE/GRACE-FO fields by 10.6 percent. As another enhancement, the beginning of the time series was advanced by eight years by extending the analysis to historical SLR data. The time series now also includes a degree-1 solution based on an own inversion approach and using the surface mass distribution from the SLR/DORIS fields.
Orbital products describe positions and velocities of satellites, be it the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites or Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) satellites. These orbital products can be divided into the fastest available ones, the Near Realtime Orbits (NRT, Zitat), which are mostly available within 15 to 60 minutes delay, followed by Rapid Science Orbit (RSO, Zitat) products with a latency of two days and finally the Precise Science Orbit (PSO) which, with a latency of up to a few weeks or longer in the case of reprocessing campaigns, are the most delayed. The absolute positional accuracy increases from NRT to PSO. This dataset compiles the PSO products for various LEO missions and GNSS constellation in sp3 format. GNSS Constellation: - GPS LEO Satellites: - ENVISAT - Jason-1 - Jason-2 - Jason-3 - Sentinel-3A - Sentinel-3B - Sentinel-6A - TOPEX Each solution follows specific requirements and parametrizations which are named in the respective processing metric table.
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