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The largest earthquakes occur at tectonic plate boundaries in subduction zones, known as subduction megathrusts. The subduction megathrust in northern Chile (19°-23°S) has been monitored since 2007 by the Integrated Plate Boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC) network, which includes an array of 11 long-period magnetotelluric (MT) sites to infer changes in deep fluid distribution. Here we present time-series data from 2007-2016, the interval encompassing the precursory and foreshock seismic sequences of the 2007 Mw 7.7 Tocopilla and 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquakes, an interval that also includes a dozen slow slip events. The time series for this data publication represent a subset of the MT data recorded within the framework of the IPOC project. The dataset comprises 5-component MT data from 5 sites with sampling rate of 8 Hz and 1 Hz. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT.200699.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
Surface deformation in the continental interior, away from active tectonic margins, is enigmatic, with the underlying mechanisms responsible not fully understood. Therefore, it is considered an open and important question in continental dynamics. The Hangai Dome, central Mongolia, is a natural laboratory to explore this question. It is a high-elevation, low-relief, intra-continental region within the Mongolian plateau. It is located between the Siberian and North China cratons and lies within the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Central Mongolia has a complex tectonic history that is not well understood. It consists of several lithotectonic units that have influenced the formation and development of the region. The Hangai region has a long history of volcanic activity, including Cenozoic episodes of intraplate volcanism, which occurred as recently as the Holocene. It is characterized by dispersed, low-volume, alkali basaltic volcanism. Furthermore, major fault systems bound the Hangai region and large parts of central Mongolia. The processes and driving mechanisms responsible for creating the Hangai region remain largely unexplained. Therefore, we aim to collect high-resolution magnetotelluric data to image the electrical conductivity structure of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Hangai Dome in order to better understand the mechanisms responsible for intracontinental uplift and intraplate volcanism in this unique region. To achieve this objective a project was created, titled “Crust-mantle interactions beneath the Hangai Mountains in western Mongolia - Insights from 3-D magnetotelluric studies and 4-D thermo-mechanical modelling”. The first phase of the project was completed in 2016. Magnetotelluric data were recorded across the Hangai Dome in a grid (~400 by ~200 km), with a nominal site spacing of 50 km. Broadband measurements were acquired at each grid node and, additionally, long period measurements were acquired along two profiles. This data report provides details on the data collection, the measurement site locations, the instrumentation, and the data format. This data publication (https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP-MT.201613.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
The region of Geyer in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge) of Germany, situated approximately 110 kilometres south of Leipzig, has a long history of ore mining. The region is known for its deposits of tin, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, iron, silver, and indium. Due to this long history and known reservoir potential, this area was selected as a test site for the Innovative, Non-invasive and Fully Acceptable Exploration Technologies (INFACT) project. INFACT is a EU funded project aiming to foster new and innovative non-invasive methods for the exploration of new mineral deposits and is coordinated by the Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology (HIF) at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR). Within the framework of this project, the GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, acquired magnetotelluric (MT) and radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data near Geyer. The main objectives of these measurements were to map the shallow subsurface for mineral deposits and to evaluate the potential of these methods in densely populated areas with high levels of anthropogenic noise. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT.201933.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
To meet the objectives of the European Green Deal, Europe requires an increase in the supply of raw materials. To extract these materials responsibly and sustainably the complex social, environmental and technical challenges and how they interact need to be understood. The EU funded project VECTOR aims to assess these challenges and integrate them to produce human centred solutions. In this framework, minimally disruptive geological and geophysical studies have been carried out at three different locations across Europe. Stonepark is one of these locations located in the Irish Midlands in the Limerick Basin. The area includes potentially economic ore pods within Carboniferous carbonates and volcanic rocks. In Stonepark, new MT data were collected at a total of 108 sites in an area of 1.2 km x 5 km, of which 33 sites were equipped with five-component broad-band MT stations in concert with 75 two-component stations recording only the electric fields. The novel experimental layout using mobile electric field only stations sped up fieldwork while still allowing the use of local and remote reference techniques. Major goal of the study is to assess the utility MT techniques for mineral exploration at depth in sedimentary basins. In particular, we aim to quantify the 3D electrical conductivity distribution of the top 1–5 km of the crust from new MT data, in order to determine the location of electrically conductive ore mineralization. This data publication (https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP-MT.202223.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
The South African Karoo Basin, which is known for its potentially shale gas bearing formations, was the target of an extensive research programme launched by the Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The aim of this project was to obtain a fundamental understanding of the geology, petrology and hydrology of the sedimentary layers. In 2014, Magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were conducted in the Eastern Karoo Basin to image the electrical conductivity structure of the shallow subsurface and to develop a three-dimensional (3D) model. Previous studies by Weckmann et al. (2007a, b) and Branch et al. (2007) identified the potentially shale gas bearing Whitehill Formation as an electrically conductive sub-horizontal layer, which covers large parts of the Karoo Basin. The increased interest in future shale gas exploration raised concerns regarding the potential impact on aquifers in this water scarce and fragile environment. Since the electrical conductivity is sensitive to fluids, imaging both, the black shale horizon and the deep aquifer system in this region was the ultimate goal of the MT study. Our field experiment is designed to serve as a baseline study before any activity regarding shale gas exploitation commenced. With high resolution 2D and regional 3D inversion and forward models several aquifers, the Whitehill formation and the possible source region of the Beattie Magnetic Anomaly could be mapped.This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT.201423.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
Although the exploitation of strategic important mineral deposits is currently feasible down to a depth of ~ 1000 m, the extension of ore deposits in Germany is poorly known. The BMBF funded DESMEX (Deep Electromagnetic Sounding for Mineral Exploration) project focuses on the development of an electromagnetic exploration system which can be used for the exploration of mineral resources for depths down to 1000 m. The main focus lies in the exploration of potential mineral deposits in Germany. Ore mineralization leads to an increase of electrical conductivity in the host rock. Therefore, innovative methods are developed, which are able to image zones of high conductivity with respect to the intended exploration depth and deliver insights in the geometry of the ore deposit. In order to obtain an high coverage as well as an high resolution, air borne and ground based methods are combined in a semi airborne controlled source EM (CSEM) concept. This concept was tested in an old antimony mining area in eastern Thuringia. In the framework of DESMEX, the University of Cologne carried out ground based (long offset) transient-electromagnetic (LOTEM) measurements. Within the LOTEM validation study, an independent resistivity model of the survey area was derived, which serves as reference model for the semi airborne concept and is integrated in a final mineral deposition model. This data publication (https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP-MT.201716.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
Although the exploitation of strategic important mineral deposits is currently feasible down to a depth of ~ 1000 m, the extension of ore deposits in Germany is poorly known. The BMBF funded DESMEX (Deep Electromagnetic Sounding for Mineral Exploration) project focuses on the development of an electromagnetic exploration system which can be used for the exploration of mineral resources for depths down to 1000 m. The main focus lies in the exploration of potential mineral deposits in Germany. Ore mineralization leads to an increase of electrical conductivity in the host rock. Therefore, innovative methods are developed, which are able to image zones of high conductivity with respect to the intended exploration depth and deliver insights in the geometry of the ore deposit. In order to obtain an high coverage as well as an high resolution, air borne and ground based methods are combined in a semi airborne controlled source EM (CSEM) concept. This concept was tested in an old antimony mining area in eastern Thuringia. In the framework of DESMEX, the University of Cologne carried out ground based (long offset) transient-electromagnetic (LOTEM) measurements. Within the LOTEM validation study, an independent resistivity model of the survey area was derived, which serves as reference model for the semi airborne concept and is integrated in a final mineral deposition model. This data publication (https://doi.org/10.5880/GIPP-MT.201608.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
New magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected in the Spremberg area (Brandeburg, eastern Germany) at 22 sites along 2 perpendicular profiles. All sites were equipped with five-component broad-band MT stations recording three magnetic field components and two horizontal electric field components. The main objective of the study was to assess the utility of MT techniques for mineral exploration at depth in sedimentary basins and for a region which is affected by strong electromagnetic noise from various sources. In particular, we aim to quantify the electrical conductivity distribution of the top 0.1–5 km of the Earth’s crust to determine electrically conductive zones and their possible correlation with sulfide mineralization. <default:br/> Interestingly, the MT data were recorded during a series of very powerful geomagnetic storms (Kp index 5-9). During the storms (from 10-13 May 2024), the quality of the derived MT transfer functions was generally much higher than for the geomagnetically quiet periods.<default:br/> This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT.202403.1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
The West Bohemian Massif as part of the geodynamically active European Cenozoic Rift System is characterised by ongoing magmatic processes in the intra-continental lithospheric mantle. A series of phenomena such as massive degassing of CO2 and repeated earthquake swarms make the Eger Rift a unique target area for European intra-continental geo-scientific research. The ICDP project "Drilling the Eger Rift" was funded to study the field of earthquake-fluid-rock-biosphere interaction. In the framework of this ICDP project, magnetotelluric (MT) experiments have been conducted to image the subsurface distribution of the electrical conductivity down to depths of several tens of kilometres as the electrical conductivity is particularly sensitive to the presence of high-conductive phases such as aqueous fluids, partial melts or metallic compounds. Based on recent MT experiments in 2015/2016, Munoz et al. (2018) presented 2D images of the electrical conductivity structure along a NS profile across the Eger Rift. It reveals a conductive channel at the earthquake swarm region that extend from the lower crust to the surface forming a pathway for fluids up to the region of the mofettes. A second conductive channel is present in the south of the model. Due to the given station setup along a profile, the resulting 2D inversion allows ambiguous interpretations of this feature. As 3D inversion is required to distinguish between the different interpretations, we conducted another MT field experiment at the end of 2018. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT. 201810 .1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
In 2019, as part of the interdisciplinary DFG priority program SPP1803 „EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota“, the DeepEarthShape project was launched. The main goal of this German-Chilean research initiative was to gain a broader understanding of the interaction between geological, geochemical and biological processes controlling the weathering in the first tens to hundred metres of the subsurface. The elongated Chilean Coastal Range was selected as the ideal study area to investigate the effects of vegetation, precipitation and erosion on the transformation of intact bedrock into regolith within the so-called critical zone (CZ). This area encompasses several climate zones, from dry to humid, within a similar geological complex. We have carried out a Radio-Magnetotelluric (RMT) survey using a horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD) transmitter to image the electrical resistivity distribution, the lateral extent of the near-surface layers and the CZ at two sites of the DeepEarthShape project - Santa Gracia and Nahuelbuta (shown in this data publication).
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