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Since 1963, the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC | www.ihfc-iugg.org) has been dedicated to providing standards for heat flow measurements and maintaining the Global Heat Flow Database (GHFDB) — a collection of heat flow data from around the world. The first quality framework for heat-flow-density data was proposed by Jessop et al. (1976), reflecting the state of knowledge, measurement techniques, and technical developments at that time. In 2019, the IHFC initiated a major revision of the GHFDB to develop an authenticated and quality-assessed database. This initiative involved multinational working groups and led to a comprehensive update of key parameters affecting heat-flow calculations. These updates included measurement methods for both temperature and thermal conductivity, as well as metadata structures. The new standard for a revised GHFDB structure was developed through a collaborative community approach and published in 2021 (Fuchs et al., 2021). This standard reflected changes in database technology and scientific documentation and served as a template for users submitting data to the GHFDB. It was further developed into the currently valid data and metadata standard in 2023, which also introduced an enhanced quality evaluation framework (Fuchs et al., 2023). The ongoing assessment work and the latest release of the GHFDB (Global Heat Flow Database Assessment Group et al., 2024), along with its frequent use, revealed the need for additional refinements. These refinements were particularly necessary in aspects related to metadata consistency, measurement techniques, and classification criteria. Consequently, further updates were implemented to improve the reliability and applicability of the dataset, ensuring a more robust evaluation of global heat-flow data. Here, we present the 2026.03 version of the GHFDB Data Template. The previous template introduced by Fuchs et al. (2023) has been improved based on the latest data ass6ssment process. The current version of the template incorporates the advancements in data collection methodologies, the IHFC quality evaluation framework, and metadata management, ensuring that data submitted to the GHFDB follows the IHFC standards for the GHFDB. A changelog is available and a summary of changes is also provided in the data descripton file (PDF). To promote open access, the template is also hosted on the official GitHub repository of the IHFC: https://github.com/ihfc-iugg. Users can download both the original version from 2023 and the revised templates. Version 2025.06 is also available in the previous-versions folder of this data publication. Maintaining the GHFDB Data Template in a version-controlled environment ensures transparency regarding changes over time and fosters a documentation style that sets high standards to support the reproducibility of research results. Moreover, it supports a smooth and fast integration of data from the research community into the Global Heat Flow Database of the IHFC.
This data publication contains the 2024 release of the Global Heat Flow Database (GHFDB) together with quality-assessed dataset. It includes unique heat flow measurements (scattered data), filtered datasets (within 0–408 mW/m², corresponding to 0–3σ), and median values aggregated on a 0.5° × 0.5° grid, provided in CSV and KML formats. Gridded heat flow and standard deviation fields are available as Kriging-interpolated products at 0.5° resolution in WGS 1984 projection (CSV and NetCDF) as well as in North and South Pole Orthographic projections (50 × 50 km resolution). The code is a Jupyter Notebook for Ordinary Kriging interpolation of the heat flow data using the PyKrige library. All data and products are described in detail in Neumann et al. (2026). The data includes: Scattered data: • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_unique.csv: Comma Separated Values (csv) file containing unique heat flow values for every measurement point. • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_unique.kml: KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file containing unique heat flow values for every measurement point. • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_filtered_3_sigma.csv: Comma Separated Values (csv) file containing heat flow value filtered with 3σ (standard deviations from a mean) interval (derived from the data file IHFC_2024_GHFDB_unique.xlsx). • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_filtered_3_sigma.kml: KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file containing heat flow value filtered with 3σ (standard deviations from a mean) interval. • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_05x05_median_3_sigma.csv: Comma Separated Values (csv) file containing median heat flow value for each non-empty 0.5×0.5 degrees grid cell (derived from the data IHFC_2024_GHFDB_filtered_3_sigma.xlsx). • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_05x05_median_3_sigma.kml: KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file containing median heat flow value for each non-empty 0.5×0.5 degrees grid cell. Gridded data • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_05x05_WGS1984_Kriging.csv: Comma Separated Values (csv) file containing gridded heat flow data interpolated by Kriging at a resolution of 0.5×0.5 degrees (WGS 84 projection) • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_05x05_WGS1984_STD.csv: Comma Separated Values (csv) file containing gridded standard deviation data for interpolated heat flow data (WGS 84 projection) • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_05x05_WGS1984_Kriging.nc: NetCDF format file containing gridded heat flow data interpolated by Kriging at a resolution of 0.5×0.5 degrees (WGS 84 projection for Cartesian representation). • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_05x05_WGS1984_STD.nc: NetCDF file containing gridded standard deviation data for interpolated heat flow data (WGS 84 projection for Cartesian representation) • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_Ortho_N.csv: Comma Separated Values (csv) file containing gridded heat flow data interpolated by Kriging at a resolution of 50×50 km (North Pole Orthographic projection) • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_Ortho_N_STD.csv: Comma Separated Values (csv) file containing gridded standard deviation data for interpolated heat flow data (North Pole Orthographic projection) • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_Ortho_S.csv: Comma Separated Values (csv) file containing gridded heat flow data interpolated by Kriging at a resolution of 50×50 km (South Pole Orthographic projection) • IHFC_2024_GHFDB_Ortho_S_STD.csv: Comma Separated Values (csv) file containing gridded standard deviation data for interpolated heat flow data (South Pole Orthographic projection)
In diesem Bericht wird die durch das GFZ Potsdam am 9. September 2020 durchgeführte bohrlochgeophysikalische Messung in der Bohrungen Ug Wsbg 10/76 in Wesenberg (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) dokumentiert. Die Messung wurde mit dem Ziel der Gewinnung eines hochaufgelösten und ungestörten Temperatur-Tiefen-Profils durchgeführt. Die Untergrundspeicherbohrung wurde 1976 am Salzstock Wesenberg abgeteuft und lange als Sole-Verpressbohrung genutzt. Die Stillstandszeit nach letzter Nutzung liegt bei mind. 44 Monaten, weshalb von hydraulisch ungestörten Gebirgstemperaturen ausgegangen wird. In der Bohrung Ug Wsbg 10/76 wurde bei 1784,3 m Teufe eine Temperatur von 72.70 °C ermittelt, welches einem mittleren Temperaturgradienten von 36,0 °C/ km entspricht.
In diesem Bericht werden die durch das GFZ Potsdam am 29. und 30. November 2023 durchgeführte bohrlochgeophysikalische Messungen in den Bohrungen Gt Khn 1/88 und Gt Khn 2/87 in Karlshagen (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) dokumentiert. Die Messungen wurden mit dem Ziel der Gewinnung hochaufgelöster und ungestörter Temperatur-Tiefen-Profile durchgeführt. Die Stillstandszeiten seit Erstellung liegen bei mehreren Jahrzehnten; jene seit letzter Befahrung bei fünfzehn Jahren, weshalb von ungestörten Gebirgstemperaturen ausgegangen werden kann. In der Bohrung Gt Khn 2/87 wurde bei 1786,5 m Teufe eine Temperatur von 57,8 °C, welches einem mittleren Temperaturgradienten von 27,8 °C/km entspricht, gemessen. Die Bohrung Gt Khn 1/88 konnte bis zu einer Teufe von 325,1 m befahren werden, die gemessene Temperatur betrug 16,2 °C, der entsprechende mittlere geothermische Gradient beträgt ca. 23,6 °C/km. This report documents the borehole geophysical logging performed by GFZ Potsdam in the Gt Khn 1/88 and Gt Khn 2/87 boreholes in Karlshagen (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) on the 29th and 30th of November 2023. The measurements were conducted to achieve high-resolution and undisturbed temperature-depth pro-files. The shut-in times since the boreholes were drilled are several decades; the shut-in time since last activities in the boreholes are in the order of 15 years. There-fore, undisturbed formation temperatures can be expected in the boreholes. In the Gt Khn 2/87 borehole, a temperature of 57.8 °C was measured at a depth of 1786.5 m, which corresponds to an average temperature gradient of 27.8 °C/km. The Gt Khn 1/88 borehole could be logged to a depth of 325.1 m and the measured temperature at this depth was 16.2 °C, corresponding to an average geothermal gradient of approx. 23.6 °C/km.
This report summarizes the measurements carried out by the GFZ Potsdam on the boreholes Gt S 6/17 and Gt S 7/20 in Schwerin (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania). The first part of the report describes the borehole measurements of the unperturbed temperature profiles. The second part describes the compilation of the thermal-hydraulic rock properties (thermal conductivity, porosity, permeability, density, etc.) measured on drill-core material. The shut-in time since the drilling is around 4 years for Gt S 6/17 and around 21 months for Gt S 7/20. Hence, unperturbed borehole temperatures are assumed at the time of temperature logging.
Heat Flow Quality Analysis Toolbox hfqa_tool is a Python package containing tools for validating and evaluating the quality of heat flow data. It is designed for researchers and professionals. hfqa_tool simplifies heat flow data analysis by providing standardized and reproducible quality checks. This is developed in compliance with the paper by Fuchs et al. (2023) titled "Quality-assurance of heat-flow data: The new structure and evaluation scheme of the IHFC Global Heat Flow Database," published in Tectonophysics 863: 229976. Also revised for the newer release 2024. There are mainly 2 functions defined in this tool with description as follows: vocabulary_check(): This set of code has been developed to check whether all the values entered in a Heatflow database adhere to a controlled vocabulary and proper structure described in the aforementioned scientific paper. It generates an error message for each entry where the value entered is out of bounds and does not meet the assigned criteria. The code also enables checking the vocabulary for multiple values entered in a single column for a particular Heatflow data entry. It's a recommended prerequisite before calculating 'Quality Scores' for a given Heatflow dataset. quality_scores(): This code has been developed to assess the quality of the Heatflow database in terms of U-score (Uncertainty quantification), M-Score (Methodological quality), and P-Flags (Perturbation effects) adhering to the data structure described in the aforementioned scientific paper.
In diesem Bericht wird die durch das GFZ Potsdam am 18. Juli 2024 durchgeführte bohrlochgeophysikalische Messung in der Bohrung Gt P 14a/23 in Potsdam (Brandenburg) dokumentiert. Die Messung wurde mit dem Ziel der Gewinnung hochaufgelöster und ungestörter Temperatur-Tiefen-Profile durchgeführt. Die Sidetrack-Bohrung der Hauptbohrung Gt P 14 wurde im März 2023 abgeteuft. Anschließend erfolgten Testarbeiten im Mai desselben Jahres. Bis zur Durchführung dieser Messungen erfolgten keine weiteren Aktivitäten in der Bohrung. Die Stillstandszeit (shut-in time) beträgt mind. 14 Monaten für die oberen 1.100 m, weshalb keine thermische Beeinflussung der Temperaturen durch den Bohrprozess mehr erwartet wird. In der Bohrung Gt P 14a/22 wurde bei 1039,9 m Teufe eine Temperatur von 46,07 °C gemessen, welches einem mittleren Temperaturgradienten von 35,6 °C/ km entspricht.
Within the H2020 project DEEPEGS, pressure and temperature gauges were installed behind production casing of well RN-15/DEEPEGS/IDDP-2. Here, we publish the available data gathered from cementing the production casing in 2016 until the end of the DEEPEGS project in 2020. 8 thermocouples were installed behind casing at 329.3 m (TC8), 629.3 m (TC7), 929.3 m (TC6), 1529.3 m (TC5), 1829.3 m (TC4), 2129.3 m (TC3), 2329.3 m (TC2) and 2629.3 m (TC1) depths. In addition, a pressure and temperature gauge was installed at 1229.3 m depths (ERE p/T). All depth are measured depth (MD) below ground level. During installation TC3 was damaged. During cementation, all other TCs as well as the ERE gauge were operating. After the end of drilling, subsequently all TCs except TCs 7 & 8 failed. Until April 2020, data can only be reported for the two remaining thermocouples 7 & 8. Before publication, data was manually cleaned for obvious erroneous readings. Therefore, gaps in the data are inevitable and the readings are not fully continuous.
In Haeger et al. (2022), we created a three dimensional model of the temperature distribution and the geothermal heat flow of the Antarctic lithosphere as well as a new model of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). The models were obtained in a three-step approach: First, we calculate the initial temperature distribution in the upper mantle by iteratively combining seismic tomography (An et al., 2015; Schaeffer & Lebedev, 2013) and gravity data (Förste et al., 2014; Scheinert et al., 2016) considering composition and density variations self-consistently (Haeger et al., 2019). Second, we define the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in a thermal sense based on the resulting geotherm by assuming it corresponds to the 1300°C isotherm. Third, we solve the steady-state heat equation to obtain the temperature distribution and the geothermal heat flow in the lithosphere. One crucial yet still largely unknown factor in the model is the parametrization of the crust. In order to overcome this, we calculated thermal models for a range of crustal properties that are described in detail in Haeger et al. (2022) and the related supplementary material. Here, we only share the conductive temperature and the geothermal heat flow model for the preferred model (n° 29 in the supplementary) in binary netCDF files. Additionally, we present the depth to LAB and surface and mantle heat flow maps, the latter represents the heat flow at the depth of the Moho discontinuity (Haeger et al., 2019) as .txt ascii tables. As a measure of uncertainty of the preferred surface heat flow model, the standard deviation of all calculated models is additionally given. The models are presented in polar stereographic projections with true scale at 71° South (Snyder, 1987) and span ±3700 km with a 10 km spacing in x- and y-direction, respectively. For the netCDF files, the depth ranges from the bedrock surface (BedMachine, Morlighem et al., 2020) which is defined as the 0 level to the LAB in a 1 km spacing. The depths to the Moho and the LAB are given relative to sea level.
We present a 3-D lithospheric-scale model covering the area of Germany that images the regional structural configuration. The model comprises 31 lithostratigraphic units: seawater, 14 sedimentary units, 14 crystalline crustal units and 2 lithospheric mantle units. The corresponding surfaces are integrated from previous studies of the Central European Basin System, the Upper Rhine Graben and the Molasse Basin, together with published geological and geophysical data. The model is a result of a combined workflow consisting of 3-D structural, gravity and thermal modelling applied to derive the 3-D thermal configuration. The top surface elevations and thicknesses of corresponding layers of the 3-D-D model are provided as ASCII files, one for each individual layer of the model. The columns in each file are identical: the Easting is given in the “X COORD (UTM Zone 32N)”, the Northing is in the “Y COORD (UTM Zone 32N)”, the top surface elevation of each layer is given as "TOP (m.a.s.l)", the thickness of each layer is given as "THICKNESS (m)".
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