This dataset is a continuously growing collection of lead isotope reference data. Lead isotopes are an established method to reconstruct the raw material provenance of archaeological objects. They are typically applied to artefacts made of copper, lead, silver, and their alloys. However, also the raw material provenance of other materials such as glass, pigments and pottery was already investigated using lead isotopes.
To successfully reconstruct the origin of the raw material, lead isotope signatures from as many as possible suitable raw material occurrences must be known. In the past, large-scaled research projects were carried out to characterise ore deposits especially in the Mediterranean area and Western Europe. However, many of these data are dispersed in the literature and were published in scientific articles or monographs. Consequently, each researcher or at least each research group had to build their own up-to-date database of reference data from the literature. To overcome these restrictions, to facilitate work with lead isotope reference data and particularly to make the data FAIR, i.e., findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (Wilkinson et al. 2016), these published data are compiled and transferred into a uniform layout. They are further enhanced with additional metadata to facilitate their use in raw material provenance studies.
Currently, the database is restricted to ores and minerals as these are the most relevant materials for provenance studies of ancient metals. Future updates will include hitherto uncovered regions but also additional data from countries already present. Slag and other metallurgical (by-) products from ancient sites in close vicinity to ore deposits generally are a genuine representation of the ores utilised in historic times. As such, they are highly relevant for provenance studies and an extension to these materials is therefore planned.
GlobaLID is a representation of the collective work of researchers on Pb isotope studies. As such, the database is seen as a community engagement project that invites scientists all over the world to become active contributors of GlobaLID. The initiators of the database dedicate their effort to the continuation and maintenance of the database but only the support of the whole community will allow a rapid and successful growth of GlobaLID.
This dataset is a continuously growing collection of lead isotope reference data. Lead isotopes are an
established method to reconstruct the raw material provenance of archaeological objects. They are
typically applied to artefacts made of copper, lead, silver, and their alloys. However, also the raw ma-
terial provenance of other materials such as glass, pigments and pottery was already investigated us-
ing lead isotopes.
To successfully reconstruct the origin of the raw material, lead isotope signatures from as many as
possible suitable raw material occurrences must be known. In the past, large-scaled research projects
were carried out to characterise ore deposits especially in the Mediterranean area and Western Eu-
rope. However, many of these data are dispersed in the literature and were published in scientific
articles or monographs. Consequently, each researcher or at least each research group had to build
their own up-to-date database of reference data from the literature. To overcome these restrictions,
to facilitate work with lead isotope reference data and particularly to make the data FAIR, i.e., finda-
ble, accessible, interoperable and reusable (Wilkinson et al. 2016), these published data are compiled
and transferred into a uniform layout. They are further enhanced with additional metadata to facili-
tate their use in raw material provenance studies.
Currently, the database is restricted to ores and minerals as these are the most relevant materials for
provenance studies of ancient metals. Future updates will include hitherto uncovered regions but
also additional data from countries already present. Slag and other metallurgical (by-) products from
ancient sites in close vicinity to ore deposits generally are a genuine representation of the ores uti-
lised in historic times. As such, they are highly relevant for provenance studies and an extension to
these materials is therefore planned.
GlobaLID is a representation of the collective work of researchers on Pb isotope studies. As such, the
database is seen as a community engagement project that invites scientists all over the world to be-
come active contributors of GlobaLID. The initiators of the database dedicate their effort to the con-
tinuation and maintenance of the database but only the support of the whole community will allow a
rapid and successful growth of GlobaLID.
This dataset is a continuously growing collection of lead isotope reference data. Lead isotopes are an established method to reconstruct the raw material provenance of archaeological objects. They are typically applied to artefacts made of copper, lead, silver, and their alloys. However, also the raw material provenance of other materials such as glass, pigments and pottery was already reconstructed with lead isotopes. To successfully reconstruct the origin of the raw material, lead isotope signatures from as many as possible suitable raw material occurrences must be known. In the past, large-scaled research projects were carried out to characterise ore deposits especially in the Mediterranean area and Western Europe. However, many of these data are dispersed in the literature and were published in scientific articles or monographies. Consequently, each researcher or at least each research group had to build their own up-to-date data base of reference data from the literature.
To overcome these restrictions, to facilitate work with lead isotope reference data and particularly to make the data FAIR, i.e. findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (Wilkinson et al., 2016), these published data are compiled and transferred into a uniform layout. They are further enhanced with additional metadata to facilitate their use in raw material provenance studies. Currently, the database is restricted to ores and minerals as these are the most relevant materials for provenance studies of ancient metals. Future updates will include hitherto uncovered regions but also additional data from countries already present. Slag and other metallurgical (by-) products from ancient sites in close vicinity to ore deposits generally are a genuine representation of the ores utilised in historic times. As such, they are highly relevant for provenance studies and an extension to these materials is therefore planned. GlobaLID is a representation of the collective work of researchers on Pb isotope studies. As such, the database is seen as a community engagement project that invites scientists all over the world to become active contributors of GlobaLID. The initiators of the database dedicate their effort to the continuation and maintenance of the database but only the support of the whole community will allow a rapid and successful growth of GlobaLID.
Organic matter (OM) is known to be an important reductant in sediment-hosted base metal deposits like the European Kupferschiefer. However, the precise nature of interactions between OM and hydrothermal fluids are still debated as well as how the interconnected reactions develop over geological timescales.
This dataset provides for the first time bulk, compositional and stable isotope data of hydrocarbons, biomarkers and organonitrogen, -sulfur and-oxygen (NSO) compounds for the mineralized Kupferschiefer Spremberg-Graustein field in Eastern Germany based on samples from two drill cores. The study aims to help to better understand the role that organic matter plays during the mineralisation and formation of the sedimentary ore deposit within the Kupferschiefer with a focus on stable hydrogen isotope compositions and NSO compositional data to especially address the origin and to assess the oxidative nature of the brines that caused the mineralization in the Spremberg-Graustein field.
The data publication includes bulk, compositional and stable isotope data on inorganic metals and organic matter. The data about metal contents were generated using ICP-MS while those on the organic matter were generated using Rock-Eval pyrolysis, a microscope, a Soxhlet apparatus, medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC), gas chromatography with flame ionization (GC-FID) and mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS), gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier Transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, FT-ICR-MS) with Electrospray ionization (ESI) and Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). The full description of samples, methods and data is given in the following sections.