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This package provides a set of tools to read, manipulate and convert seismic waveforms generated by DAS systems. In particular, the ones saved in TDMs format: - dasconv: This utility lets you convert and manipulate seismic waveforms in TDMs format and export them into MiniSEED. - tdmsws (experimental) - a stand-alone implementation of the FDSN Dataselect web service, which is able to serve miniSEED data extracted from a folder with TDMS files.
The Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki (ISUH) was founded in 1961 as a response to the growing public concern for environmental hazards caused by nuclear weapon testing. Since then ISUH has been responsible for seismic monitoring in Finland. The current mandate covers government regulator duties in seismic hazard mitigation and nuclear test ban treaty verification, observatory activities and operation of the Finnish National Seismic Network (FNSN) as well as research and teaching of seismology at the University of Helsinki.The first seismograph station of Finland was installed at the premises of the Department of Physics, University of Helsinki in 1924. However, the mechanical Mainka seismographs had low magnification and thus the recordings were of little practical value for the study of local seismicity. The first short-period seismographs were set up between 1956 and 1963. The next significant upgrade of FNSN occurred during the late 1970’s when digital tripartite arrays in southern and central Finland became fully operational, allowing for systematic use of instrumental detection, location and magnitude determination methods. By the end of the 1990’s, the entire network was operating using digital telemetric or dial-up methods. The FNSN has expanded significantly during the 21st Century. It comprises now 36 permanent stations. Most of the stations have Streckeisen STS-2, Nanometrics Trillium (Compact/P/PA/QA) or Guralp CMG-3T broad band sensors. Some Teledyne-Geotech S13/GS13 short period sensors are also in use. Data acquisition systems are a combination of Earth Data PS6-24 digitizers and PC with Seiscomp/Seedlink software or Nanometrics Centaurs. The stations are connected to the ISUH with Seedlink via Internet and provide continuous waveform data at 40 Hz (array) or 100-250 Hz sampling frequency. Further information about instrumentation can be found at the Institute’s web site (www.seismo.helsinki.fi). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code HE, and arefully open.
This repository contains the site amplification functions obtained by Bindi et al. (2023). The site amplifications were obtained through a Generalized Inversion Technique (GIT) applied to seismic recordings downloaded from EIDA (Strollo et al., 2021) and EarthScope (https://service.iris.edu/) using stream2segment software (Zaccarelli, 2018). We computed the Fourier spectra of S-waves windows considering the square root of the sum of the two horizontal components squared. The site amplifications are relative to the station CH.LSS (station Linth-Limmern of the Swiss network, https://stations.seismo.ethz.ch/en/station-information/station-details/station-given-networkcode-and-stationcode/index.html?networkcode=CH&stationcode=LLS), installed on rock with shear wave velocity averaged over the top 30 m equal to vs30=2925 m/s (Fäh et al. 2009). The site amplification at the reference station LLS is constrained to be equal to 1 for frequencies f below 10 Hz and to the function exp[−0.015π(f−10)] above 10 Hz, to account for near-surface attenuation effects at high frequencies. Details about the decomposition can be found in Bindi et al (2023). The file siteAmp_repo.csv uses as field separator the semicolon (;). It contains: - column freq: values of frequency between 0.5 and 20 Hz; - columns with site amplifications: 3001 columns with column name given by network_station_channel (e.g. GR_MOX_HH indicated station MOX of network GR, channel HH). The R script (R Core Team, 2024) plotRepo.R shows how to read and plot the site amplification for a given station.
Two subglacial lakes in the western part of Vatnajökull ice cap, southeastern Iceland, 10 and 15 km WNW of Grímsvötn volcano, are the source of regular jökulhlaups in the Skaftá river. The eastern cauldron featured a jökulhlaup that started on 30 September 2015. The seismic signals generated by the flood were recorded using two seismic arrays (clusters of seismometers) operated by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS) and the Icelandic Meteorological Office’s national seismic network, SIL. The arrays were maintained outside Vatnajökull ice cap. In the Vatnajökull region, the SIL network consists of stations that are partly installed on nunataks and within the ice. We performed array-processing in the frequency domain (FK-analysis) on data filtered 1.2 to 2.6 Hz using the array-processing code as implemented in Obspy to derive back azimuth and slownesses of a tremor source propagating with the flood front. We perform beam stacking in the time domain on data filtered from 5 to 20 Hz to derive the back-azimuth of high-frequency transients moving with the flood front. We used the SIL network for location and magnitude determination of 45 events near the cauldron and the flood path. These are possibly 22 icequakes and 23 earthquakes. We used the array data to apply an STA/LTA filter and template matching approach on data filtered from 1 to 15 Hz to detect 669 events associated with the flood. 30% of these could be clustered into families and are likely due to the ice-shelf collapse once the subglacial lake drained. These catalogs are further discussed and evaluated in Eibl et al. 2020 and Eibl et al. 2023. This data publications releases the catalogs of (i) tremor, (ii) located events and (iii) STA/LTA detected and clustered events.
The NEARESTproject (Integrated observations from NEAR shore sourcES of Tsunamis: towards an early warning system) aimed at the identification and characterization of potential near-shore sources of tsunamis in the Gulf of Cadiz. This area is well known from the catastrophic earthquake and tsunami that destroyed Lisbon and several other places mainly along the EastAtlantic coast on November 1st, 1755. One of the project's work packages dealed with monitoring of recent seismic activity in the Gulf of Cadiz area. For this purpose 24 broadband ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) from the German DEPAS instrument pool were deployed for 11 months in addition to the GEOSTAR multi-parameter deep-sea observatory and two temporary land stations in Portugal. The GEOSTAR observatory and the 24 OBS were deployed and recovered during two expeditions with RV Urania in 2007 and 2008. The OBSs consist of three‐component Guralp CMG‐40T‐OBS seismometers and HighTech HTI‐04‐PCA/ULF hydrophones. A wide range of signals was recorded, ncluding teleseismic, regional and local earthquakes, and low‐frequency (∼20 Hz) vocalization of fin whales. The GEOSTAR observatory was again deployed between 2009 and 2011. The Portuguese temporary land station PDRG was additionally recording during the NEAREST project. Originally, the position of recovery on deck was taken to calculate the mean coordinate of the OBS at depth from deployment and recovery coordinates. In most cases the difference in coordinates between deployment and recovery is very small (table 3 and 4 in Carrara et al., 2008). For two stations, the location at the seafloor could be measured by triangulation (Carrara et al., 2008). Due to experience of other experiments over the years, we finally suggest to use the deployment coordinates as the station coordinates for all stations that could not be tri-angulated. The clocks were synchronized with GPS time before the deployment and if possible again after the recovery. Unfortunately, most of the batteries were empty at the end of the recording period. That either made it impossible to realize the second synchronisation (skew time measurement) or in some case also caused erroneous synchronisations. Therefore, the internal clock drift was estimated by ambient noise analysis (Corela, 2014). The internal clock drifts were corrected using a linear interpolation method. Generally, the data quality is very good, especially for the intended study of local and regional earthquakes. Studies relying on wideband seismological recordings can also be carried out. The sensor package and noise conditions hamper the use for broadband and very broadband applications. Unfortunately, also not all channels operated properly, therefore hampering the use of multi-component methods for the relevant stations. We thank the captain E. Gentile, crew, G. Carrara, and all participants of the R/V URANIA expeditions in 2007 and 2008. We are grateful to all people and institutions involved in the NEAREST project. Waveform data is available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9H.
Seismological experiment at Strokkur from 2020" is a seismological experiment realized at the most active geyser on Iceland by Eva Eibl (University of Potsdam) in collaboration with Gylfi P. Hersir formerly at ISOR Iceland. The geyser is part of the Haukadalur geothermal area in south Iceland, which contains numerous geothermal anomalies, hot springs, and basins (Walter et al., 2018). Strokkur is a pool geyser and has a silica sinter edifice with a water basin on top, which is about 12m in diameter with a central tube of more than 20m depth. The aim of the seismic experiment is to monitor eruptions of Strokkur geyser from March 2020 using three broadband seismic stations (Nanometrics Trillium Compact 120s). Sensors were buried at distances of 38.8m (GE4, SE), 47.3m (GE3, SW), and 42.5m (GE2, N) from Strokkur center. Within this time period about 1 month of data is missing due to power outages. At any other times at least one station recorded the eruptions. From this dataset, converted to MSEED using Pyrocko, currently a catalogue of 506,131 water fountains was determined and further investigated in Eibl et al. (2025). In addition, Eibl et al. (2025) assessed the effect of the weather on the system including the bubble trap suspected at around 24 m depth by Eibl et al. (2021). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 2Z.
This dataset contains the waveforms of 83 earthquakes (Mw>2.7) compiled for the publication "Understanding the Seismic Signature of Transtensional Opening in the Reykjanes Peninsula Rift Zone, SW Iceland" by Büyükakpınar et al. 2024. The dataset comprises three seismic networks deployed on the Reykjanes Peninsula (RP): REYKJANET (7E), GFZ - MAGIC (9H) and the IMO Icelandic National Network (SIL). It includes data from 27 stations distributed over the RP, each with a different installation period. In addition, strain rate recordings from a 21 km long Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) fiber-optic cable are included, using a subset of 40 spatially stacked channels downsampled to 100 Hz. The DAS interrogator was operated by GFZ Potsdam as part of the MAGIC HART Rapid Response Action. Each sub-event directory contains manually selected first P-wave arrival times and first motion measurements for the target events. The data are provided in miniSeed format. The 83 event directories in one folder called Buyukakpinaretal2024CMTevents, Tthe sub-dorectories events has the time of the earthquake in the format of "YYYYMMDDTHHMMSSSSS" /e,g. 20200720T181841993).
– A temporary seismic network consisting of 48 long-term and 15 short-term stations was deployed from June 2021 to June 2022. The network comprises 27 broadband stations and 20 short period geophones from the Ruhr-University Bochum, the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) and the RWTH Aachen. The inter-station spacing of the longer-term network is about 2 km and the total extent of the network is about 20 km. The densely populated area and vicinity of active pit mining demanded a balance between dense station placement and avoidance of anthropogenic noise sources. The network serves as a pre-study for the installment of a field laboratory in Eschweiler-Weisweiler, Germany. Details can be found in the accompanying data publication (Finger et al., in preparation). This project has been subsidized through the Cofund GEOTHERMICA, which is supported by the European Union’s HORIZON 2020 programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 731117. Furthermore, this study was supported by the Interreg North-West Europe (Interreg NWE) Programme through the Roll-out of Deep Geothermal Energy in North-West Europe (DGE-ROLLOUT) Project (http://www.nweurope.eu/DGE-Rollout), NWE 892. The Interreg NWE Programme is part of the European Cohesion Policy and is financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code ZB. Data from embargoed stations might be available on request.
This dataset contains the estimated source parameters using both Spectral Fitting (SF) method and Generalized Inversion Technique (GIT) for 1,577 earthquakes with magnitude ML1.0-5.7 during the time span 2006-2020 in the Sea of Marmara region. The study area surrounds the Sea of Marmara, close to the megacity Istanbul, with longitudes ranging from 27.3° to 29.35° and latitudes ranging from 40.5° to 40.9°. Source parameters including seismic moment (M_0^SF), corner frequency (f_c^SF), quality factor (Q^SF), and Brune stress drop (∆σ^SF), are estimated and calculated using SF approach (Kwiatek et al., 2011, 2014, 2015) with the Simplex method applied in the optimization process (Nelder & Mead, 1965); source parameters from GIT approach including seismic moment (M_0^GIT), corner frequency (f_c^GIT), and Brune stress drop (∆σ^GIT) are also calculated for the same events. The event information, i.e., event date, original time, event longitude, latitude, depth, local magnitude, is obtained from the seismicity catalog of Becker et al. (2023).
In May 2018 a volcano-seismic sequence accompanied the upward migration of a magmatic intrusion from Moho depth to the seafloor led to the drainage of the deep magmatic reservoir and to the birth of a submarine volcano offshore the island of Mayotte, Comoro Islands. This process of magma transport was accompanied by an intense seismic swarm and peculiar long-duration very long period signals. Between 1 January 2018 and 1 May 2019 we detected 407 sources of very long period signals and 6990 volcano-tectonic earthquakes. This report collects detection, location and source parameters catalogs for these two sets of earthquake sources.This data publication provides the catalogues of very long period (VLP) signals and volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes, as discussed in Cesca et al. (2019). Here, methods and data used to create the different catalogues are only briefly discussed; a more accurate description is given in Cesca et al. (2019), which furthermore discusses the different processes of dike migration, undersea eruption, deep reservoir drainage and overburden sagging which are responsible for the seismic activity.
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