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The World Stress Map (WSM) database is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and since 2012 the WSM is a member of the ICSU World Data System. All stress information is analysed and compiled in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale.The WSM database release 2016 contains 42,870 data records within the upper 40 km of the Earth’s crust. The data are provided in three formats: Excel-file (wsm2016.xlsx), comma separated fields (wsm2016.csv) and with a zipped google Earth input file (wsm2016_google.zip). Data records with reliable A-C quality are displayed in the World Stress Map (doi:10.5880/WSM.2016.002). Further detailed information on the WSM quality ranking scheme, guidelines for the various stress indicators, and software for stress map generation and the stress pattern analysis is available at www.world-stress-map.org.VERSION HISTORY:Version 1.1. (15 June 2019): updated version of the zip-compressed Google Earth .kml (wsm2016_google.zip) with a new URL of the server.
This dataset is supplemental to the paper Wallis et al. (2021) and contains data on dislocations and their stress fields in olivine from the Oman-UAE ophiolite measured by oxidation decoration, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and high-angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD). The datasets include images of decorated dislocations, measurements of lattice orientation and misorientations, densities of geometrically necessary dislocations, and heterogeneity in residual stress. Data are provided as 6 TIF files, 8 CTF files, and 37 tab-delimited TXT files. Files are organised by the figure in which the data are presented in the main paper. Data types or sample numbers are also indicated in the file names.
Stress maps show the orientation of the current maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in the earth's crust. Assuming that the vertical stress (SV) is a principal stress, SHmax defines the orientation of the 3D stress tensor; the minimum horizontal stress Shmin is than perpendicular to SHmax. In stress maps SHmax orientations are represented as lines of different lengths. The length of the line is a measure of the quality of data and the symbol shows the stress indicator and the color the stress regime. The stress data are freely available and part of the World Stress Map (WSM) project. For more information about the data and criteria of data analysis and quality mapping are plotted along the WSM website at http://www.world-stress-map.org. The stress map of Great Britain and Ireland 2022 is based on the WSM database release 2016. All data records have been checked and we added a number of new data from earthquake focal mechanisms from the national earthquake catalog and borehole data. The number of data records has increased from n=377 in the WSM 2016 to n=474 in this map. Some locations and assigned quality of WSM 2016 data were corrected due to new information. The digital version of the map is a layered pdf generated with GMT (Wessel et al., 2019) using the topography of Tozer et al. (2019). We also provide on a regular 0.1° grid values of the mean SHmax orientation which have a standard deviation < 25°. The mean SHmax orientation is estimated using the tool stress2grid of Ziegler and Heidbach (2019). For this estimation we used only data records with A-C quality and applied weights according to data quality and distance to the grid points. The stress map is available at the landing page of the GFZ Data Services at http://doi.org/10.5880/WSM.GreatBritainIreland2022 where further information is provided.
The World Stress Map (WSM) is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences. The WSM database release 2025 contains 100,842 data records within the Earth’s crust. The data are provided in two formats: Excel-file (wsm2025.xlsx) and comma separated fields (wsm2025.csv). Data records with reliable A-C quality are displayed in the World Stress Map (doi:10.5880/WSM.2025.002). Further detailed information on the WSM quality ranking scheme 2025, guidelines for the analysis of borehole logging data, and software for stress map generation and the stress pattern analysis is available at www.world-stress-map.org. The database structure and content is explained in the WSM Technical Report TR 25-01 (https://doi.org/10.48440/wsm.2025.001).
Compilation of downhole logging data from the borehole PTA2 inside Bradshaw Army Camp in the saddle region between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawai'i (Composite OSG Logging Data Hawaii PTA2.asc, ASCII). The PTA2 borehole was fully cored into a lava dominated rock sequence; open hole bit size was HQ. The data were derived from the following logging runs in February and June 2016: GR total natural Gamma ray, SGR spectrum natural Gamma ray, MS magnetic susceptibility, BS borehole sonic, DIP dipmeter, and ABI43 acoustic borehole imager. All sondes were run in an open hole section below the casing shoe: 885 - 1566 m except for the SGR, which was also measured in the cased upper section and the ABI43, which also logged a 40 m long section inside the casing.The logging data are complemented by Acoustic borehole image data that were measured in June 2016 in the open hole section below the casing shoe: 889 - 1566 m; open hole bit size was HQ. Logging sonde: ABI43 (ALT). The images are oriented to north (magnetic orientation). File formats are DLIS and WCL (WellCAD 5.2). The data are further described in Jerram et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-15-2019).The logging data was measured and processed by the Operational Support Group (OSG) of ICDP hosted by GFZ Potsdam (see https://www.icdp-online.org/support/service/downhole-logging/?type=12&tx_icdpdatatables_pi1%5Bajaxcall%5D=1 for further information). Detailed information about the OSG Slimhole Wireline Logging Sondes ist provided at https://www.icdp-online.org/fileadmin/icdp/services/img/Logging/OSG_Slimhole_Sondes_Specs_pics_2019-05.pdf. The data are also described in Jerram et al. (2019), Millet et al. (2017, 2018) and Willoughby, L. (2015). The file structure is described in the header of the data file.
Neogene indentation of the Adriatic plate into Europe led to major modifications of the Alpine orogenic structures and style of deformation in the Eastern Alps. Especially, the offset of the Periadriatic Fault by the Northern Giudicarie Fault marks the initiation of strike-slip faulting and lateral extrusion of the Eastern Alps. Questions remain on the exact role of this fault zone in changes of the Alpine orogen at depth. This necessitates quantitative analysis of the shortening, kinematics and depth of decoupling underneath the Northern Giudicarie Fault and associated fold-and thrust belt in the Southern Alps. Tectonic balancing of a network of seven cross sections through the Giudicarie Belt parallel to the local shortening direction reveals that it comprises two kinematic domains with different amounts and partly overlapping ages of shortening. This data publication provides the cross sections that were not shown within Verwater et al. (2021, submitted to Solid Earth) (see figure A1.1 for section traces) but show lateral variations in shortening in present-day cross-sections across the study area (section A1.1). Cross sections 1, 5 and 6, which are discussed within the manuscript, will be described in more detail within section A1.2 (cross section 1), A1.3 (cross section 5) and A1.4 (cross section 6). In addition, the approach used for forward modelling in Move will be shown within section A2, as well as alternative kinematic scenarios that were tested for Cross sections 6. Section B describes the methods and datasets used for obtaining the location and depth of seismicity plotted along cross sections 1, 5 and 6 in Verwater et al. (submitted).
The southern Central Andes (SCA, 29°S-39°S) are characterized by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the continental South American Plate. One striking feature of this area is the change of the subduction angle of the Nazca Plate between 33°S and 35°S from the Chilean-Pampean flat-slab zone (< 5° dip) in the north to a steeper sector in the south (~30° dip). Subduction geometry, tectonic deformation, and seismicity at this plate boundary are closely related to the lithospheric strength in the upper plate. Despite recent research focused on the compositional and thermal characteristics of the SCA lithosphere, the lithospheric strength distribution remains largely unknown. Here we calculated the long-term lithospheric strength on the basis of an existing 3D model describing the variation of thickness, density and temperature of geological units forming the lithosphere of the SCA. The model consists of a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen (i.e. magmatic arc, main orogenic wedge), the forearc and the foreland, and it extents down to 200 km depth.
The data set provides the results fault slip inversion analysis, which have been performed with the computer software WinTensor (Delvaux and Sperner, 2003). The raw data underlying these results have been collected during two field campaigns in the Eastern Alps in 2011 and 2013. The data table contains information on the sites where the data collection took place (longitude, latitude in WGS84 coordinate system) as well as results of Win-Tensor calculations including the orientation of the principle finite stress axes (σ1, σ2, σ3), the shape factor (R) and the deformation regime index (R’) (Delveaux et al., 1997). Furthermore, it is shown how many fault-slip data (N) the stress tensor calculation is based on and to which deformation phase as explained in the main text the tensor is related to. The remaining abbreviations include: Outcrop number (ID), dip direction (d.d.), Normal Faulting (NF), Transtensive Faulting (NS), Strike-Slip Faulting (SF), Transpressive Faulting (TS) and Thrust Faulting (TF). The stress regime for each data set is characterized by the stress regime index (R’), which provides a numerically continuous progression from 0-3, where 0 represents radial extension and 3 radial compression (Delvaux et al., 1997). R’ is based on the stress ratio (R), defined as (σ2 – σ3)/ (σ1 – σ3) (e.g. Angelier, 1989) such that R’ equals R for extensional stress regimes, equals 2 – R for strike-slip regimes and equals 2 + R for compressional regimes, respectively (Delvaux et al., 1997).
This dataset presents the raw data of an experimental series of analogue models performed to investigate the influence of inherited brittle fabrics on narrow continental rifting. This model series was performed to test the influence of brittle pre-existing fabrics on the rifting deformation by cutting the brittle layer at different orientations with respect to the extension direction. An overview of the experimental series is shown in Table 1. In this dataset we provide four different types of data, that can serve as supporting material and for further analysis: 1) The top-view photos, taken at different steps and showing the deformation process of each model; they can be used to interpret the geometrical characteristics of rift-related faults; 2) Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) used to reconstruct the 3D deformation of the performed analogue models, allowing for quantitative analysis of the fault pattern. 3) Short movies built from top-view photos which help to visualize the evolution of model deformation; 4) line-drawing of fault and fracture patters to be used for fault statistical quantification. Further details on the modelling strategy and setup can be found in Corti (2012), Maestrelli et al. (2020), Molnar et al. (2020), Philippon et al. (2015), Zwaan et al. (2021) and in the publication associated with this dataset. Materials used for these analogue models were described in Montanari et al. (2017) Del Ventisette et al. (2019) and Zwaan et al. (2020).
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