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Dataset to Geothermal Resources and ATES Potential of Mesozoic Reservoirs in the North German Basin

This dataset provides point-shapefiles and geotiffs, related to the figures presented in (Frick et al., 2022a, 2022b). It covers most of northern Germany, with the boundaries defined by the extent of the North German Basin, which is part of the Central European Basin System. The files contain information on the depth (m.b.s. = meter below surface), thickness, temperature, heat in place and heat storage potential of selected geological units and the formations therein. These data are an addendum to the data presented in (Frick et al., 2022a, 2022b), resolving 5 geological units and 9 formations. The data are presented as regularly spaced point-shapefiles, with a spacing of 1000 m. The data were produced as part of the Helmholtz Climate Initiative (HICAM), which focuses on Net Zero 2050 (mitigation) and Adapting to Extreme Events (adaptation). As part of this initiative, estimates of the heat in place and heat storage potential of the subsurface play an important part for mitigation of fossil fuel bound emissions as they pose a promising alternative (geothermal energy). The data presented here, therefore give an overview of areas which might be suited for geothermal applications in the different geothermal target units and formations. We integrated the recently published TUNB Model (BGR et al., 2021) as well as available borehole data, data from the Sandsteinfazies and GeoPoNDD projects (Franz et al., 2018, 2015) and temperature data from two models (Agemar et al., 2014; Frick et al., 2021) the process of which will be described in the following.

3D regional models to test influences of hydraulic boundary conditions on the deep fluid flow in the central Upper Rhine Graben

Knowledge of groundwater flow is of high relevance for groundwater management and the planning of different subsurface utilizations such as deep geothermal facilities. While numerical models can help to understand the hydrodynamics of the targeted reservoir, their predictive capabilities are limited by the assumptions made in their set up. Among others, the choice of appropriate hydraulic boundary conditions, adopted to represent the regional to local flow dynamics in the simulation run, is of crucial importance for the final modelling result. In this publication we present the hydrogeological models to obtain results to quantify how and to which degree different upper hydraulic boundary conditions and vertical cross boundary fluid movement influence the calculated deep fluid conditions Therefore, we take the central Upper Rhine Graben area as a natural laboratory. The presented three models are set up with different sets of boundary conditions. The Reference Model uses the topography as upper hydraulic pressure surface of 0 kPa. In model S1, a subdued replica of the topography, which was built on the base of hydraulic head measurements is applied as the upper hydraulic boundary condition and in model S2 vertical cross boundary flow is implemented. Based on our results, we illustrate in the landing paper that for the Upper Rhine Graben specific characteristics of the flow field are robust and insensitive to the choice of imposed hydraulic boundary conditions, while specific local characteristics are more sensitive. Accordingly, these robust features characterizing the first order groundwater flow dynamics in the Upper Rhine Graben include: (i) a regional groundwater flow component descending from the graben shoulders to rise at its centre; (ii) infiltration of fluids across the graben shoulders, which locally rise along the main border faults; (iii) the presence of heterogeneous hydraulic potentials at the rift shoulders. The configuration of the adopted boundary conditions influence primarily calculated flow velocities and the absolute position of the upflow axis within the graben sediments. In addition, the choice of upper hydraulic boundary conditions exerts a direct control on the evolving local flow dynamics, with the degree of influence gradually decreasing with increasing depth. With respect to regional flow modelling of basin hosted, deep water resources, the main conclusions derived from this study are: (i) the often considered water table as an exact replica of the model topography (Reference Model) likely introduces a source of error in the simulations in regional hydraulic modelling approaches. Here, we show that these errors can be minimized by making use of a water table as upper boundary condition derived from available hydraulic head measurements (model S1). If the study area is part of a supra-regional flow system - like the central Upper Rhine Graben is part of the whole Upper Rhine Graben - the in- and outflow across vertical boundaries need to be considered (model S2).

KTB Borehole Measurements of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program

KTB Borehole Measurements Data - Data collection This data collection compiles the KTB Borehole Measurements Data of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program operated by the GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences. Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole. All KTB borehole measurements are described in detail in the Scientific Technical Report - Data 21/03 "KTB Borehole Logging Data" (Kück et al. 2021). The terms borehole measurements, downhole logging, and logging are used synonymously here. The KTB logging data files contain the final processed versions of the geoscientific borehole logging data from logs in the two KTB boreholes: • KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) • KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB). Here only the acronyms KTB-VB and KTB-HB are used. In total there are 145 logging data files from the KTB-VB and 239 logging data files from the KTB-HB. The data compilation comprises the following measurements: • Borehole geometry and orientation logs • Composite logs (compilation of standard logs of resistivity, gamma spectrum, density, neutron porosity, sonic) • Geochemical logs • Gravimetry logs • Magnetic susceptibility and field logs • Spontaneous potential and induced polarization (SP and IP) logs • Structures from borehole images, foliation, fracs, faults, joints • Temperature logs The maximum logging depth was 4001 m in the KTB-VB and 9085 m in the KTB-HB. There is no sonic waveform data available. There is no electrical or acoustic borehole wall image data available. However, the spatial orientation of planar structures (foliation, faults, fractures, joints) gained by manual sinus structure picking from these electrical images are included.

KTB Borehole Measurements: Gravimetry inside the borehole of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program

KTB Borehole Measurements Data Gravimetry inside the borehole Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole. The data report STR 21/03 KTB Borehole logging data contains the full description of the logging data given here. Please read it thoroughly to avoid inappropriate or wrong use of the data. The KTB borehole measurement data files contain the final processed versions of logging data from the two KTB boreholes: • KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) • KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB). Here only the acronyms KTB-VB and KTB-HB are used. In total there are 145 data files from the KTB-VB and 239 data files from the KTB-HB. All logs were run in open hole unless noted otherwise (see the file header). The maximum logging depth was 4001 m in the KTB-VB and 9085 m in the KTB-HB. The files of the Gravimetry measurements contain data from measurements made with a Lacoste-Romberg gravity meter sonde from the company EDCON, USA. The gravimetry logs are not depth corrected to the reference GR because the sonde had no GR sensor. The data are provided in ASCII format. Detailed descriptions are provided in the associated data report (STR 21/03, Kueck et al., 2021) and the KTB Borehole Measurements Catalog. Acknkowledgements: The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, as successor of the KTB Project Management provides the logging data, which were obtained under grants RG8604, RG8803 and RG 9001 of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of Germany.

KTB Borehole Measurements: Magnetic Susceptibility and Magnetic Field of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program

KTB Borehole Measurements Data Magnetic Susceptibility and Magnetic Field Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole. The data report STR 21/03 KTB Borehole logging data contains the full description of the logging data given here. Please read it thoroughly to avoid inappropriate or wrong use of the data. The KTB borehole measurement data files contain the final processed versions of logging data from the two KTB boreholes: • KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) • KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB). Here only the acronyms KTB-VB and KTB-HB are used. In total there are 145 data files from the KTB-VB and 239 data files from the KTB-HB. All logs were run in open hole unless noted otherwise (see the file header). The maximum logging depth was 4001 m in the KTB-VB and 9085 m in the KTB-HB. The Magnetic Susceptibility (MSUS) and Magnetic Field data files comprise data from a magnetic susceptibility sonde from the university of Munich, and two magnetometer sondes from the university of Braunschweig (FML-BS) and of Schlumberger (GPIT). MSUS was only run in the KTB-VB. The Braunschweig magnetometer was run in both KTB boreholes and the GPIT only in the KTB-HB. The MSUS log and the magnetic field log in the KTB-VB are not depth corrected to the reference GR because the sondes had no GR sensor. Both types of magnetic field logs in the KTB-HB are depth corrected to the reference GR. The data are provided in ASCII format. Detailed descriptions are provided in the associated data report (STR 21/03, Kueck et al., 2021) and the KTB Borehole Measurements Catalog. Acknkowledgements: The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, as successor of the KTB Project Management provides the logging data, which were obtained under grants RG8604, RG8803 and RG 9001 of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of Germany.

KTB Borehole Measurements: Composite Logs of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program

KTB Borehole Measurements Data Composite Logs Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole. The data report STR 21/03 KTB Borehole logging data contains the full description of the logging data given here. Please read it thoroughly to avoid inappropriate or wrong use of the data. The KTB borehole measurement data files contain the final processed versions of logging data from the two KTB boreholes: • KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) • KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB). Here only the acronyms KTB-VB and KTB-HB are used. In total there are 145 data files from the KTB-VB and 239 data files from the KTB-HB. All logs were run in open hole unless noted otherwise (see the file header). The maximum logging depth was 4001 m in the KTB-VB and 9085 m in the KTB-HB. The Composite Log Files comprise data from these measurements/logs: • Reference total GR • Natural Gamma Spectrum (NGS) • Resistivity (DLL, DIL, MSFL, ARI) • Density (LDT, FDC) • Neutron Porosity (CNL) • Sonic (SONIC, STC) There is no sonic waveform data available. All Composite Logs are depth corrected to the reference GR of each borehole. The data are provided in ASCII format. Detailed descriptions are provided in the associated data report (STR 21/03, Kueck et al., 2021) and the KTB Borehole Measurements Catalog. Acknkowledgements: The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, as successor of the KTB Project Management provides the logging data, which were obtained under grants RG8604, RG8803 and RG 9001 of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of Germany.

KTB Borehole Measurements: Spontaneous Potential and Induced Polarization (SP & IP) of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program

KTB Borehole Measurements Data Spontaneous Potential and Induced Polarization (SP & IP) Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole. The data report STR 21/03 KTB Borehole logging data contains the full description of the logging data given here. Please read it thoroughly to avoid inappropriate or wrong use of the data. The KTB borehole measurement data files contain the final processed versions of logging data from the two KTB boreholes: • KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) • KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB). Here only the acronyms KTB-VB and KTB-HB are used. In total there are 145 data files from the KTB-VB and 239 data files from the KTB-HB. All logs were run in open hole unless noted otherwise (see the file header). The maximum logging depth was 4001 m in the KTB-VB and 9085 m in the KTB-HB. The SP and IP data files comprise data from a spontaneous potential sonde run in the KTB-VB and from two different induced polarization sondes run in both KTB-VB and KTB-HB. The SP and IP logs are not depth corrected to the reference GR because the sondes had no GR sensor. The data are provided in ASCII format. Detailed descriptions are provided in the associated data report (STR 21/03, Kueck et al., 2021) and the KTB Borehole Measurements Catalog. Acknkowledgements: The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, as successor of the KTB Project Management provides the logging data, which were obtained under grants RG8604, RG8803 and RG 9001 of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of Germany.

KTB Borehole Measurements: Structures from Borehole Images - Foliation and Fracs/Faults/Joints of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program

KTB Borehole Measurements Data Structures from Borehole Images: Foliation and Fracs/Faults/Joints Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole. The data report STR 21/03 KTB Borehole logging data contains the full description of the logging data given here. Please read it thoroughly to avoid inappropriate or wrong use of the data. The KTB borehole measurement data files contain the final processed versions of logging data from the two KTB boreholes: • KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) • KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB). Here only the acronyms KTB-VB and KTB-HB are used. In total there are 145 data files from the KTB-VB and 239 data files from the KTB-HB. All logs were run in open hole unless noted otherwise (see the file header). The maximum logging depth was 4001 m in the KTB-VB and 9085 m in the KTB-HB. The Structures from Borehole Images files comprise data from processing results of electrical borehole images of both KTB boreholes. In the processing the spatial orientation (dip and dip direction) of the foliation and of other planar structures as fractures, faults, joints (etc.) was determined manually by sine structure picking on FMS/FMI images. The structural data are depth corrected to the reference GR (see Composite Logs) of the respective borehole. The data are provided in ASCII format. Detailed descriptions are provided in the associated data report (STR 21/03, Kueck et al., 2021) and the KTB Borehole Measurements Catalog. Acknkowledgements: The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, as successor of the KTB Project Management provides the logging data, which were obtained under grants RG8604, RG8803 and RG 9001 of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of Germany.

KTB Borehole Measurements: Borehole Geometry and orientation Logs (BGL) of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program

KTB Borehole Measurements Data Borehole Geometry and orientation Logs (BGL) Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole. The data report STR 21/03 KTB Borehole logging data contains the full description of the logging data given here. Please read it thoroughly to avoid inappropriate or wrong use of the data. The KTB borehole measurement data files contain the final processed versions of logging data from the two KTB boreholes: • KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) • KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB). Here only the acronyms KTB-VB and KTB-HB are used. In total there are 145 data files from the KTB-VB and 239 data files from the KTB-HB. All logs were run in open hole unless noted otherwise (see the file header). The maximum logging depth was 4001 m in the KTB-VB and 9085 m in the KTB-HB. The Borehole Geometry and orientation Logs files contain data from measurements made with oriented 4-arm caliper sondes. Besides all single BG logs from each borehole also compilations of those BG logs representing the borehole geometry state during the major logging sessions and the derived borehole trajectory and true vertical depth are included here. The many single logs allow to analyze the development of the borehole shape over time. The date when logged is denoted in the file header. Please note that the single Borehole Geometry Logs are not depth corrected to the reference GR but are given here as logged. The BGL compilations and derived data are depth corrected to the reference GR. The data are provided in ASCII format. Detailed descriptions are provided in the associated data report (STR 21/03, Kueck et al., 2021) and the KTB Borehole Measurements Catalog. Acknkowledgements: The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, as successor of the KTB Project Management provides the logging data, which were obtained under grants RG8604, RG8803 and RG 9001 of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of Germany.

KTB Borehole Measurements: Geochemical Logs (GLT) of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program

KTB Borehole Measurements Data Geochemical Logs (GLT) Extensive borehole measurements were performed during the active drilling phase of the KTB pilot and main hole. All KTB borehole measurements are described in detail in the Scientific Technical Report - Data 21/03 "KTB Borehole Logging Data" (Kück et al. 2021). Please read it thoroughly to avoid inappropriate or wrong use of the data. The KTB borehole measurement data files contain the final processed versions of logging data from the two KTB boreholes: • KTB-Oberpfalz VB (KTB Vorbohrung/Pilot Hole or KTB-VB) • KTB-Oberpfalz HB (KTB Hauptbohrung/Main Hole or KTB-HB). Here only the acronyms KTB-VB and KTB-HB are used. In total there are 145 data files from the KTB-VB and 239 data files from the KTB-HB. All logs were run in open hole unless noted otherwise (see the file header). The maximum logging depth was 4001 m in the KTB-VB and 9085 m in the KTB-HB. The files of the Geochemical Logs contain data from measurements made with the Schlumberger GLT sonde. This sonde was a combination of several passive and active nuclear tools yielding the relative abundances of nine elements. The geochemical logs are depth corrected to the reference GR (see Composite Logs) of the respective borehole. The data are provided in ASCII format. Detailed descriptions are provided in the associated data report (STR 21/03, Kueck et al., 2021) and the KTB Borehole Measurements Catalog. Acknkowledgements: The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany, as successor of the KTB Project Management provides the logging data, which were obtained under grants RG8604, RG8803 and RG 9001 of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology of Germany.

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