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Model data for simulations of ocean biogeochemistry after the Chicxulub impact

In "A pronounced spike in ocean productivity triggered by the Chicxulub impact" we study the combined effect of sulfate aerosols, carbon dioxide and dust on the oceans and the marine biosphere after the Chicxulub impact using simulations with a climate model including ocean biogeochemistry. The data presented here is the model output the results of this manuscript are based on. Additionally, the figures of the publication and scripts (Python) to analyse the model output and generate the figures are contained. The model output is provided in different netcdf files. The structure of the model output is explained in a readme file. The data is generated using the coupled ocean-atmosphere model CLIMBER-3α+C which models climate globally on a 3.75° x 3.75° (ocean) and 22.5° (longitude) x 7.5° (latitude) (atmosphere) grid. More information about the model can be found in the manuscript and the README of this data publication.

Model data of the impacts of tidal energy dissipation on early Earths climate

Maps of tidal energy dissipation rates, that were calculated for three different rotation periods (12h, 18h and 24h) using the Oregon State Tidal Inversion Software, are implemented as oceanic bottom heat flux into CLIMBER-3α to investigate the impact of tides on early Earth’s climate. For each length of day corresponding paleoclimatic scenarios each of which with three different atmospheric carbon dioxide abundances, are simulated. We use the relatively fast intermediate-complexity model CLIMBER-3α to be able to run a large number of simulations. CLIMBER-3α consists of (1) an improved version of the ocean general circulation model MOM3 run at a coarse horizontal resolution of 3.75 x 3.75 degrees with 24 vertical layers, (2) the sea-ice model ISIS operated at the same horizontal resolution and capturing both the thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice, and (3) the fast statistical--dynamical atmosphere model POTSDAM-2 with grid cells measuring 22.5 degrees in longitude and 7.5 degrees in latitude. The main limitations of the model relate to its simplified atmosphere component. Tide model simulations of the Oregon State Tidal Inversion Software were used to compute tidal energy dissipation data. For more details see the corresponding article (Biewald et al., XXXX)

Model output for the publication: "Climatic fluctuations modeled for carbon and sulfur emissions from end-Triassic volcanism"

In "Climatic fluctuations modeled for carbon and sulfur emissions from end-Triassic volcanism" we study perturbations of Earth's climate and biogeochemical cycles by volcanism of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) during the latest Triassic, about 201 million years ago, using a coupled climate model. The data presented here is the model output on which that manuscript is based on. Additionally, the figures of the publication and scripts (Python and Yorick) to analyse the model output and generate the figures are contained. The model output is provided in different netcdf files. The structure of the model output is explained in a readme file. The data is generated using the coupled ocean-atmosphere model CLIMBER3alpha which models climate globally on a 3.75°x3.75° (ocean) and 22.5° (longitude) x 7.5° (latitude) (atmosphere) grid. More information about the model can be found in the manuscript.

Model output for aerosol-induced cooling after the Chicxulub impact

The simulations of the end‐Cretaceous climate and the effects of the impact are carried out with a coupled climate model consisting of a modified version of the ocean general circulation model MOM3, a dynamic/thermodynamic sea ice model, and a fast statistical‐dynamical atmosphere model. Our impact simulations are based on a climate simulation of the end‐Cretaceous climate state using a Maastrichtian (70 Ma) continental configuration. The solar constant is scaled to 1354 W/m2, based on the present‐day solar constant of 1361 W/m2 and a standard solar model. A baseline simulation with 500 ppm of atmospheric CO2 and a sensitivity experiment at 1000 ppm CO2 concentration. The impact is assumed to release 100 Gt sulfur and 1400 Gt CO2. We simulate stratospheric residence times of 2.1 y, 4.3 y and 10.6 y. More information about the model can be found in the manuscript (https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL072241).

Data from Climate Model Ensemble Simulations for the Mesozoic Climate Evolution

In “Investigating Mesozoic Climate Trends and Sensitivities with a Large Ensemble of Climate Model Simulations” we study global trends in the climatic evolution through the Mesozoic era (252-66 Ma). The data presented here is the model output on which the results of this manuscript are based. Also included are different boundary condition model input files and scripts to generate the included figures (using the Python programming language in a Jupyter Notebook). The model output is provided in different netcdf files. The data is generated using the coupled ocean-atmosphere model CLIMBER3alpha (Montoya et al. 2005) which models climate globally on a 3.75° x 3.75° (ocean, lon.x lat.) and 22.5° x 7.5° (atmosphere) grid. Please note that data from other research that is shown in the figures in Landwehrs et al. (2020a) is not included in this data publication to avoid copyright issues.

Bias corrected GCM input data for ISIMIP Fast Track

The Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) is a community-driven modelling effort bringing together impact models across sectors and scales to create consistent and comprehensive projections of the impacts of different levels of global warming. This entry holds the input data of the ISIMIP Fast Track Initiative consisting of bias corrected daily data for from the following five CMIP5 Global Climate Models (GCMs): GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESM-CHEM and NorESM1-M. Bias corrections has been processed by Sabrina Hempel at PIK and is described in "A trend-preserving bias correction -- the ISIMIP approach" by Hempel et al. (2013) The input data section of the ESGF project referenced in this entry holds the initial version of the bias-corrected GCM input data and was used to force impact models in the ISIMIP Fast Track phase. It should only be used for the ISIMIP2 catch-up experiments for sectors that were already part of the Fast Track phase. For all other purposes, i.e. future runs for new ISIMIP 2 sectors and modeling exercises with no relation to ISIMIP, the corrected and extended version published under the ISIMIP 2 ESGF project should be used. It overcomes several limitations in adjusting the daily variability (denoted as ISIe in Hempel et al., 2013). Data access links are provided to the PIK node of the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF, https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/). There is currently no directly linked data available, please take a look at the input data of the ISIMIP Fast Track Initiative via https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/search/isimip-ft/. For technical support please have a look at the ESGF FAQ (http://esgf.github.io/esgf-swt/index.html) and the tutorials (https://www.earthsystemcog.org/projects/cog/tutorials_web).

Model output for the publication: "On the sensitivity of the Devonian climate to continental configuration, vegetation cover, orbital configuration, CO_2 concentration and insolation"

In "On the sensitivity of the Devonian climate to continental configuration, vegetation cover, orbital configuration, CO_2 concentration and insolation" we study the sensitivity of the Devonian (419 to 359 million years ago) to several parameters using a coupled climate model. The data presented here is the model output the results of this manuscript are based on. Additionally, the figures of the publication and scripts (Python and Yorick) to analyse the model output and generate the figures are contained. The model output is provided in different netcdf files. The structure of the model output is explained in a readme file. The data is generated using the coupled ocean-atmosphere model CLIMBER3alpha which models climate globally on a 3.75°x3.75° (ocean) and 22.5° (longitude) x 7.5° (latitude) (atmosphere) grid. More information about the model can be found in the manuscript.

Simulation data for tracing snowball bifurcation on an earth-like aquaplanet over 4 billion years

The atmospheric concentration of CO2 at which global glaciation (snowball) bifurcation occurs, changes throughout Earth's history, most notably because of the slowly increasing solar luminosity. Quantifying this critical CO2 concentration is not only interesting from a climate dynamics perspective, but also an important prerequisite for understanding past Snowball Earth episodes as well as the conditions for habitability on Earth and other planets. Here we use the coupled climate model CLIMBER-3α in an Aquaplanet configuration to scan for the Snowball bifurcation point for time slices spanning the last 4 billion years, thus quantifying the time evolution of the bifurcation and identifying a qualitative shift in critical state dynamics.

Data from Climate Model Simulations for Triassic-Jurassic Orbital Climate Cycles

Methods

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