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The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” (www.earthshape.net) installed three meteorological stations at an elevational gradient in the National Park La Campana, Chile, in the sector Ocoa, within one catchment, that is one of the four EarthShape core research sites. They are located at a valley position, at the slope and the crest of the catchment. For reference, the valley station is neighbouring a weather station (Campbell Scientific) that the EarthShape project has installed earlier, in 2016 (Übernickel et al., 2020). The other two weather stations are installed on higher elevations. The weather stations are intended to provide baseline meteorological data along the elevational gradient within the La Campana catchment. Each station is configured to include sensors that record air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure as well as total solar radiation at 2 m height; precipitation at 1 m height. The data recording started in March 2019. This publication provides raw data as downloaded from the three stations, appended to one single *.xlsx file per station. The data is measured in 30 minutes intervals. The full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file.
The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” (www.earthshape.net, short description of the project below) installed a meteorological station network consisting of four stations between ~26 °S to ~38 °S in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile, South America. The stations are intended to provide baseline meteorological data along the climate and ecological gradient investigated in the EarthShape program. The stations are located in the EarthShape study areas, encompassing desert, semi-desert, mediterranean, and temperate climate zones. Each station is configured to include sensors that record precipitation at ground level, radiation at 2.8 m height, wind at 3 m height, 25 cm depth soil temperature, soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity, 2 m air temperature and relative humidity, and barometric pressure at 30-minute intervals. The data recording started in March/April 2016. The EarthShape project runs until December 2021. Data collection will continue until that date, and potentially longer depending on available funds. This publication provides two sets of data: raw data and processed data. The raw data contains 2 file types per meteorological station: (1) all measured parameters of the whole dataset measured in 30 minutes intervals as downloaded from the station. Furthermore, we provide (2) one table per station of high-resolution precipitation events, measured in 5 min. intervals that were triggered during rain events at each station. The processed data consists of a continuous timeseries of observations since the activation of each station. The processing consists of the exclusion of erroneous data, caused by maintenance of the weather-stations and sporadic malfunction of sensors detected during data screening. The excluded data is communicated in a logfile (excel table), comments from data screening, solar eclipse and others are summarized in history files (ASCII ). the full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file (Data description file). ----------------------- Version history: 16 January 2023 (Version 1.1): Alexander Beer included as additional author, addition of new data from 2020-04-14 bis 2022-10-10. All files of the first version are moved to the "previous-versions" folder. 09 October 2023 (Version 1.2): Addition of new time series data to 2023-07-31. Detailed changelog information can be found in the “History” files in the respective subfolders for each site.
This publication provides mineralogical and geochemical data of two 6-m-deep weathering profiles formed from granitic rock. They are located in different climate zones (Mediterranean and humid) and are close to the national parks of La Campana and Nahuelbuta in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. Additional rock samples from adjacent boreholes were used to relate the regolith to the bedrock. The profiles were sampled in February and March 2020 as part of the German Science Foundation (DFG) priority research program SPP-1803 “EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota”. The goal of this project is to obtain a holistic view on the interplay of the geosphere and the biosphere under different climatic conditions and to investigate weathering mechanisms. The aim of this publication is to provide the data basis for understanding the weathering processes that control the development of the profiles in relation to different climatic conditions. To this end, we measured the geochemistry with X-ray fluorescence, extracted Fe, Al and Si with oxalate/dithionite, determined the grain sizes by wet sieving and pipetting, measured the magnetic susceptibility, and analysed the mineral content of bulk samples and clay fractions with X-ray diffraction. The data are compiled in one Excel file and all results of the X-ray diffraction measurements are available as RAW- and TXT files.
This dataset includes the first order (global) distribution of frost cracking intensities (FCI) [°C m], for selected paleoclimate time-slices during Late Cenozoic, as presented in the paper by Sharma et al. (2022). The paleoclimate time-slices correspond to Pre-Industrial (~1850 CE, PI), Mid-Holocene (~6 ka, MH), Last Glacial Maximum (~21 ka, LGM) and Pliocene (~3 Ma, PLIO). The FCI (by segregation ice growth) is predicted using the approach of Andersen et al. (2015), as a function of subsurface thermal gradient and volume of (and distance to) liquid water. The paleo-temperature reconstructions are obtained from ECHAM5 general circulation model (GCM) at T159 spatial resolution (80 km * 80 km) by Mutz et al. (2018). The spatial resolution of FCI dataset is same as ECHAM5 GCM simulations (i.e. 80 km * 80 km). The dataset comprises the following: - Scripts (Python) for modeling FCI for approach described in Sharma et al. (2022). - Global FCI distribution as netCDF and ascii formats. The data is available in both netCDF and ascii formats. However, the model code (attached Python scripts) currently supports only netCDF format. The model scripts can be freely utilized for regional and local studies which require finer resolution dataset. Please refer to the associated data description file for a detailed description of the dataset.
The data consists of four vascular plant species lists, one per study site. The site selection is based on the four study areas of the DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” (www.earthshape.net), namely: arid climate National Park Pan de Azúcar, semi-arid climate Private Reserve Santa Gracia, mediterranean climate National Park La Campana and humid-temperate climate National Park Nahuelbuta in Chile, South America. Each list is a table with (mostly) terrestrial vascular plant species names that have been reported in a variety of sources at the selected sites and the corresponding administrative or biogeographical regions of Chile. The available literature sources varied from specific national park flora lists to Chilean flora books and catalogues and thus, the present lists represent a potential vegetation for the EarthShape study areas. Each table includes the plants’ Latin name, clade taxonomy, the plant growth form as well as the origin. The taxonomy of the vegetation species was updated to the taxonomic information available up to August 2023 from Chilean and South American vascular flora lists.
The dataset contains the seismic weight drop data acquired in Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile. The data acquisition was conducted as a part of the EarthShape project in the subproject of Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES). The seismic line was setup to cut across an existing borehole location with core and geophysical logging data available (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The data was acquired to image the deep weathering zone identified by the borehole data across the seismic profile. Included in the datasets are the raw data of the CUBE data logger, SEG-Y data of the recorded shots, and the shot and receiver geometry data. A vital aspect of comprehending the interplay between geological and biological processes lies in the imaging of the critical zone, located deep beneath the surface, where the transition from unaltered bedrock to fragmented regolith occurs. It had been hypothesized that the depth of such weathering zone is dependent on the climate condition of the area. A more humid climate with higher precipitation will result in a deeper weathering front. As a part of the EarthShape project (SPP-1803 ‘EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota’), specifically the Geophysical Imaging of the Deep EarthShape (GIDES - Grant No. KR 2073/5-1), we aim to image the weathering zone using the geophysical approach. Using the seismic method, we can differentiate different weathered layers based on the seismic velocity while also providing a 2D subsurface image of the critical zone. We conducted a seismic weight drop experiment in the Private Reserve Santa Gracia, Chile, to observe the depth of the weathering zone in a semi-arid climate and compare the resulting model with existing borehole data (Krone et al., 2021; Weckmann et al., 2020). The acquired data can then be used for multiple seismic imaging techniques, including body wave tomography and multichannel analysis of surface waves.
This dataset contains Beryllium isotope data, pH measurements, and calculations of surface process rates (denudation, weathering, erosion) from soil and drill core samples from the Coastal Cordillera, Chile. All drilling and soil sampling campaigns were conducted in the framework of the “EarthShape” project (DFG SPP1803) from March 2019 to March 2020. Rock and soil samples consist of granitoid lithology that is weathered to different degrees. We measured the concentration of in situ 10Be in quartz samples from soil samples and calculated denudation rates thereof. Furthermore, we applied a sequential extraction method to analyse meteoric 10Be and reactive 9Be; we also measured residual 9Be and parent bedrock 9Be concentrations. Using the concentration of meteoric 10Be, we calculated the inventory assuming exponential decrease with depth. Finally, we calculated the depositional flux using the in situ 10Be denudation rate and the 10Be(meteoric)/9Be isotope ratio. From reactive 9Be, we calculated the fraction of reactive and dissolved 9Be that we interpret as weathering indicator. All samples are indicated with a IGSN (International Generic Sample Number) which is a global unique sample identifier. These IGSNs are provided in the data tables and are linked to a short data description in the internet.
The DFG Priority Program 1803 “EarthShape” (www.earthshape.net) investigates Earth surface shaping by biota. As part of this project, we present Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data of land surface areas for the four core research sites of the project. The research sites are located along a latitudinal gradient between ~26 °S and ~38 °S in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. From north to south, the names of these sites are: National Park Pan de Azúcar; Private Reserve Santa Gracia; National Park La Campana; and National Park Nahuelbuta. The three datasets contain raw 3D point cloud data captured from an airborne LiDAR system, and the following derivative products: a) digital terrain models (DTM, sometimes also referred to as DEM [digital elevation model]) which are (2.5D) raster datasets created by rendering only the LiDAR returns which are assumed to be ground/bare-earth returns and b) digital surface models (DSM) which are also 2.5D raster datasets produced by rendering all the returns from the top of the Earth’s surface, including all objects and structures (e.g. buildings and vegetation). The LiDAR data were acquired in 2008 (southernmost Nahuelbuta [NAB] catchment), 2016 (central La Campana [LC] catchment) and 2020 (central Santa Gracia [SGA] catchment). Except for Nahuelbuta (data already was available from the data provider from a previous project), the flights were carried out as part of the "EarthShape" project. The LiDAR raw data (point cloud/ *.las files) were compressed, merged (as *.laz files) and projected using UTM 19 S (UTM 18 S for the southernmost Nahuelbuta catchment, respectively) and WGS84 as coordinate reference system. A complementary fourth dataset for the northernmost site in the National Park Pan de Azúcar, derived from Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flights and Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry, is expected to be obtained during the first half of 2022 and will be added to the above data set.
This data publication contains new and recalculated soil production, chemical weathering, and physical erosion rates for granitoid soil-mantled hillslopes in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. For further comparison and data discussion the data publication presents global rates from granitoid soil-mantled hillslopes combined with a suite of parameters at the sample location (e.g., slope, precipitation, temperature, vegetation cover). The data were collected within the DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota". The data publication contains one excel table including tables S1 to S9. In addition, these nine sub-tables are available as txt files in a zip-file. They are supplementary material to Schaller et al. (2021).
In 2019, as part of the interdisciplinary DFG priority program SPP1803 „EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota“, the DeepEarthShape project was launched. The main goal of this German-Chilean research initiative was to gain a broader understanding of the interaction between geological, geochemical and biological processes controlling the weathering in the first tens to hundred metres of the subsurface. The elongated Chilean Coastal Range was selected as the ideal study area to investigate the effects of vegetation, precipitation and erosion on the transformation of intact bedrock into regolith within the so-called critical zone (CZ). This area encompasses several climate zones, from dry to humid, within a similar geological complex. We have carried out a Radio-Magnetotelluric (RMT) survey using a horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD) transmitter to image the electrical resistivity distribution, the lateral extent of the near-surface layers and the CZ at two sites of the DeepEarthShape project - Santa Gracia and Nahuelbuta (shown in this data publication).
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