Das Projekt "Fuel-Switch Project in the North-West of Russia" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. The objective of the JI project was to replace the outdated and inefficient municipal heating installations running on coal by modern wood-fired boilers. Replacement has been done for the 43 MW capacity required for the heat supply to a town. As the wood fuel comes from sustainably managed forests GHG emissions from coal firing are avoided. Additionally, methane emissions from landfills are prevented. GFA ENVEST developed the Joint Implementation Project according to the UNFCCC modalities, covering the renewable energy component and the methane emission reduction component.The Onega JI project was the second Russian JI project that passed the JI validation process. Services provided: Identification of Project Location. Biomass Supply Assessment: Location analysis/forest resource analysis; Standing forest stock; Review of available waste wood stocks in the region; Economic and Financial Feasibility: Analysis of carbon and biomass benefits; Analysis of switching fuel systems in the identified location. Baseline Study Package for the Fuel-Switch Project: Environmental Assessment; Social Assessment; Review of the legislation to facilitate the switching of fuel source for heating purposes; Review current legislation and regulation of the energy, forestry, and environmental sectors as well as all regulations and laws affecting budgetary process and use by government of additional revenues; Intergrated stakeholder consultations. Baseline Study (BLS): Monitoring plan; Emission Reduction and Sequestration Study (ERSS); projections of the ERs that can reasonably be expected to be generated by the Project; Support for permissions, approvals and registration of the Joint Implementation project by relevant national and international authorities; Support to the project investor on monitoring and verification of emission reductions; accompanying Designated Operational Entity during the verification process; Marketing of Emission Reduction Units and Voluntary Emission Reductions on behalf of project investor; Assistance to the project investor during Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement negotiations.
Das Projekt "PRIMLIGHT JI CFL Distribution Programme (Ukraine)" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. The objective of the LUMMAX JI CFL Distribution Programme is to distribute up to 2,000,000 Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) in buildings of the public education system in Ukraine. This shall be achieved in a two-phased approach. The CFLs will replace incandescent lamps and thus lead to significant energy savings. This energy saving activity not only reduces energy costs, it also reduces CO2 emissions stemming from fossil fuels used for electricity generation. These CO2 emission reductions shall be certified under a Joint Implementation (JI) Project leading to the generation of Emission Reduction Units (ERUs). The commercialization of ERUs shall refinance the project activity. The assignments overall objective is to develop a business model based on the production and distribution of CFLs, on the commercialization of ERUs and on the assistance to Primlight with its implementation. In order to achieve the overall goal, the assignment has a twofold objective: First it shall assist the project in gaining access to the carbon market and second it shall develop an appropriate management structure ensuring the swift and efficient implementation of the project at full scale (i.e. phase two). Baseline- and Project Design Document (PDD) Development comprise all required steps to register the project under a Joint Implementation scheme. This shall grant the project the right to claim ERUs for its emission reducing activities. An appropriate management structure must be determined for the project implementation at full scale. This structure shall create a sound basis for the successful and efficient operation of the project activity. Pursuing these two objectives shall ensure the projects overall success. GFA ENVEST provided the following services: Assessment of the optimal project structure (i.e. JI project vs. JI Programme of Activities (JI PoA)); Elaboration of the corresponding JI PoA Design Document; Establishment of a conservative baseline following AMS II.J, (Version 3) and assessment of the Ukrainnian grid emission factor; Assistance in the determination and registration of the JI PoA-DD under track one; Setup of Primlight LLC as Special Project Vehicle (SPV) being the project participant; Assessment of CFL production and distribution costs and development of an appropriate management structure; Assessment of operational structures for the monitoring of the project activity; Assistance in the development of a sound contractual basis with the Ministry of Education (MoE) for the transversal of carbon rights from the MoE to the SPV; Development of a financing concept for phase two allowing for the scaling up of CFL distribution volumes.
Das Projekt "ORKESTRA - Lean Gas Destruction from SWDS and JI Methodology" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von GFA Envest GmbH durchgeführt. It is aimed to convert methane emissions from closed landfills to less harmful carbon dioxide emissions through in-site aeration and the thermal treatment of the outgoing lean gas therewith contributing to mitigating climate change induced by landfill emissions. Landfill emissions are a major source of global greenhouse gas emissions. The oxidation of methane emissions to carbon dioxide emissions could be registered as JI-project under the Kyoto-Protocol and be awarded marketable emission reduction units (ERUs). Through this income source the activity could become economically attractive. In order to be eligible as JI-project the JI-status has to be sought officially according to UNFCCC regulations. This shall be done in the framework of the so-called programmatic CDM approach allowing for summarising an infinite number of single project sites. The services included: 'Baseline Study for JI-projects with the development of a PDD; Proposition of a 'New baseline and monitoring methodology under JI for the aeration and thermal treatment of lean gas from landfills; Development as 'Programme of Activities' under JI; Development of a metering programme; Implementation and assistance of the operation of a plant at selected landfills; Support the registration at the German JI Focal Point; Support the determination as precondition for requesting registration as JI-activity; Publicity: presentation of the project concept to interested parties in Germany and seeking political support; Integration into the existing emission trading system in Europe;
Das Projekt "Analyse und Bewertung der Ausgestaltung eines Offsetting-Systems in der internationalen Luftfahrt" wird vom Umweltbundesamt gefördert und von Öko-Institut. Institut für angewandte Ökologie e.V. durchgeführt. Nach langjährigen Verhandlungen wurde im Oktober 2016 von der Internationalen Zivilluftfahrtorganisation ICAO die Einführung eines globalen marktbasierten Instrumentes (GMBM) als wesentlicher Bestandteil des ICAO Maßnahmenpaketes zur Minderung der Klimawirkungen der internationalen Luftfahrt beschlossen. Die verabschiedete Resolution mit der Zielvorgabe eines klimaneutralen Wachstums des Sektors auf dem Niveau der CO2-Emissionen von 2020 schafft einen Kompensations-Mechanismus in der internationalen Luftfahrt (CORSIA: Carbon Offset and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation) und formuliert Vorgaben für dessen weitere inhaltliche Ausgestaltung.
In den bisherigen ICAO-Verhandlungen zur Ausgestaltung der GMBM werden u.a. Kriterien für die Nutzung von Emissionseinheiten innerhalb einer GMBM definiert. In den Nutzungskriterien spiegeln sich Entwicklungen und Diskussionen der Pre-2020 Klimaarchitektur wieder: So fließen z.B. die Erfahrungen in der Ausgestaltung bereits etablierte Offsetting-Mechanismen (wie dem Clean Development Mechanism, CDM) sowie mögliche Unterschiede zwischen Zertifikatnutzungen aus verpflichtenden Systemen (wie Emissionshandelssystemen) und dem sog. freiwilligen Markt in die Kriterienentwicklung ein.
Für die Einbettung von CORSIA in die internationale Klimapolitik und der Nutzung von UNFCCC-basierten Marktmechanismen nach 2020 ist die Beschlussfassung der COP 21 und des Übereinkommens von Paris (Paris Agreement, PA) relevant. Insbesondere in Artikel 6 werden Möglichkeiten für die internationale Nutzung von marktbasierten Klimaschutzinstrumenten aufgezeigt. Um eine Teilnahme an den internationalen Marktmechanismen, ein hohes Maß an (Umwelt)Integrität zu gewährleisten und somit tatsächlich zur globalen Emissionsminderung beizutragen, ist ein robustes Bilanzierungssystem essentiell.
Hier verlangt die Ausgestaltung des CORSIA, insbesondere dessen Zulässigkeitskriterien, eine Reflektion und Verzahnung der Prozesse. Eine unabgestimmte Entwicklung hätte Fragmentierungen und Ineffizienzen im Klimaschutz zur Folge.
Übergeordnetes Ziel des Vorhabens ist die Unterstützung der Verhandlungsaktivitäten zur Ausgestaltung des CORSIA. Das Vorhaben soll verhandlungsbegleitend vor allem zu der technischen Arbeitsgruppe EUC (Emissions Units Criteria) der Global MBM Technical Task Force (GMTF) in der ICAO untersuchen, wie die bisher formulierten Zulassungskriterien im Hinblick auf die Umweltintegrität des CORSIA wirken und wie diese verschärft werden können. Weiterhin sind die noch nicht weiter ausgearbeiteten Zulassungskriterien zur Nutzung von Emissionsberechtigungen aus regionalen Emissionshandelssystemen wie dem Europäischen Emissionshandel in CORSIA zu diskutieren und entsprechend weiterzuentwickeln. Abschließend sollen die Angebotsmengen an in CORSIA nutzbaren Minderungsgutschriften unter verschiedenen Szenarien dargestellt werden.