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Forest vegetation development in the Bavarian Forest National Park following the 1983 windfall event

Das Projekt "Forest vegetation development in the Bavarian Forest National Park following the 1983 windfall event" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität München, Fachgebiet Geobotanik.In the Bavarian Forest National Park a brief, but intense storm event on 1 August 1983 created large windfall areas. The windfall ecosystems within the protection zone of the park were left develop without interference; outside this zone windfall areas were cleared of dead wood but not afforested. A set of permanent plots (transect design with 10 to 10 m plots) was established in 1988 in spruce forests of wet and cool valley bottoms in order to document vegetation development. Resampling shall take place every five years; up to now it was done in 1993 and 1998. On cleared areas an initial raspberry (Rubus idaeus) shrub community was followed by pioneer birch (Betula pubescens, B. pendula) woodland, a sequence well known from managed forest stands. In contrast to this, these two stages were restricted to root plates of fallen trees in uncleared windfalls; here shade-tolerant tree species of the terminal forest stages established rather quickly from saplings that had already been present in the preceeding forest stand. Soil surface disturbances are identified to be causal to the management pathway of forest development, wereas the untouched pathway is caused by relatively low disturbance levels. The simulation model FORSKA-M is used to analyse different options of further stand development with a simulation time period of one hundred years.

Leistungsoptimierte Lithium-lonen Batterien

Das Projekt "Leistungsoptimierte Lithium-lonen Batterien" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Hochschule Aachen, Lehrstuhl und Institut für Stromrichtertechnik und Elektrische Antriebe.Der schnelle Fortschritt der elektronischen Geräte erhöht die Nachfrage nach verbesserten Li-Ionen Batterien. Kommerziell erhältliche Li-Zellen nutzen meist Lithiumkobaltoxid für die positive Elektrode. Doch gerade dieses Material ist ein Hindernis für eine weitere Optimierung, insbesondere für eine Kostensenkung. Vor allem für größere Anwendungen wie Hybrid- oder Elektrofahrzeuge müssen alternative Materialen erforscht werden, die billiger, sicherer und umweltverträglicher sind. Daher wird im ISEA derzeit ein neues Forschungsprojekt ins Leben gerufen und die dafür benötigte Infrastruktur geschaffen. Die Forschung wird sich auf die Untersuchung geeigneter Übergangsmetalloxide und Polyanionen konzentrieren, die besonders gut zur Einlagerung von Li-Ionen geeignet sind. Es werden neue Herstellungsverfahren unter Verwendung wässriger Precurser-Substanzen untersucht, die Verbindungen mit überlegenen Eigenschaften erzeugen und außerdem leicht an eine Massenproduktion angepasst werden können. Ziel der Arbeiten ist, preisgünstiges Elektrodenmaterial zu entwickeln, das eine spezifische Energie von über 200 Wh/kg und eine Leistungsdichte von 400 W/kg aufweist. Außerdem werden Arbeiten im Bereich der physikalisch-chemischen Charakterisierung der neuen Materialien stattfinden sowie elektrochemische Analysen der gesamten Zellen- und Batteriesysteme durchgeführt. Das elektrodynamische Verhalten der neuen Zellen wird u. a. mit Hilfe der elektrochemischen Impedanzspektroskopie analysiert, um präzise und zuverlässige Algorithmen für ein späteres Batteriemonitoring im realen Betrieb zu finden.

Landschaftsplan - Entwicklungs-, Pflege und Erschließungsmaßnahmen

Entwicklungs-, Pflege- und Erschließungsmaßnahmen gem. § 13 LNatSchG NRW

Landschaftsplan - Entwicklungs-, Pflege und Erschließungsmaßnahmen

Entwicklungs-, Pflege- und Erschließungsmaßnahmen gem. § 13 LNatSchG NRW

H2020-EU.3.5. - Societal Challenges - Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials - (H2020-EU.3.5. - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen - Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Ressourceneffizienz und Rohstoffe), Sustainable mineral resources by utilizing new Exploration technologies (Smart Exploration)

Das Projekt "H2020-EU.3.5. - Societal Challenges - Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials - (H2020-EU.3.5. - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen - Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Ressourceneffizienz und Rohstoffe), Sustainable mineral resources by utilizing new Exploration technologies (Smart Exploration)" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: University Uppsala.

H2020-EU.3.4. - Societal Challenges - Smart, Green And Integrated Transport - (H2020-EU.3.4. - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen - Intelligenter, umweltfreundlicher und integrierter Verkehr), Smart-Taylored L-category Electric Vehicle demonstration in hEtherogeneous urbanuse-cases (STEVE)

Das Projekt "H2020-EU.3.4. - Societal Challenges - Smart, Green And Integrated Transport - (H2020-EU.3.4. - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen - Intelligenter, umweltfreundlicher und integrierter Verkehr), Smart-Taylored L-category Electric Vehicle demonstration in hEtherogeneous urbanuse-cases (STEVE)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Infineon Technologies Austria AG.

CAGE : Composite casing and the Acceleration of Geothermal Energy - Teilvorhaben: Monitoring während Stimulationen mittels Jetting in Karbonatgesteinen - MWjet -

Das Projekt "CAGE : Composite casing and the Acceleration of Geothermal Energy - Teilvorhaben: Monitoring während Stimulationen mittels Jetting in Karbonatgesteinen - MWjet -" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Hochschule Bochum, International Geothermal Centre.

European development of Superconducting Tapes: integrating novel materials and architectures into cost effective processes for power applications and magnets (EUROTAPES)

Das Projekt "European development of Superconducting Tapes: integrating novel materials and architectures into cost effective processes for power applications and magnets (EUROTAPES)" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Kommission der Europäischen Gemeinschaften Brüssel. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Agencia estatal consejo superior de investigaciones cientificas.High current coated conductors (CC s) have high potential for developing electrical power applications and very high field magnets. The key issues for market success are low cost robust processes, high performance and a reliable manufacturing methodology of long length conductors. In recent years EU researchers and companies have made substantial progress towards these goals, based on vacuum (PLD) and chemical deposition (CSD) methods, towards nanostructuring of films. This provides a unique opportunity for Europe to integrate these advances in high performance conductors. The EUROTAPES project will address two broad objectives: 1/ the integration of the latest developments into simple conductor architectures for low and medium cost applications and to deliver +500m tapes. Defining of quality control tools and protocols to enhance the processing throughput and yield to achieve a pre-commercial cost target of 100 Euro/kAm. 2/ Use of advanced methodologies to enhance performance (larger thickness and Ic, enhanced pinning for high fields, reduction of ac losses, increased mechanical strength). Demonstration of high critical currents (Ic greater than 400A/cm-w, at 77K and self-field and Ic greater than 1000A/cm-w at 5K and 15T) and pinning forces (Fp greater than 100GN/m3 at 60 K). The CSD and PLD technologies will be combined to achieve optimized tape architectures, nanostructures and processes to address a variety of HTS applications at self-field, high and ultrahigh magnetic fields. Up to month 36, 3 types of conductors will be developed (RABiT, ABAD and round wire); at Mid Term 2 will be chosen for demonstration during the final 18 months.

H2020-EU.3.5. - Societal Challenges - Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials - (H2020-EU.3.5. - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen - Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Ressourceneffizienz und Rohstoffe), Self-Sustaining Cleaning Technology for Safe Water Supply and Management in Rural African Areas (SafeWaterAfrica)

Das Projekt "H2020-EU.3.5. - Societal Challenges - Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials - (H2020-EU.3.5. - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen - Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Ressourceneffizienz und Rohstoffe), Self-Sustaining Cleaning Technology for Safe Water Supply and Management in Rural African Areas (SafeWaterAfrica)" wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein.

Potentials and constraints of the link of agriculture and ecological sanitation

Das Projekt "Potentials and constraints of the link of agriculture and ecological sanitation" wird/wurde gefördert durch: Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung Gesellschaftsanalyse und politische Bildung e.V.. Es wird/wurde ausgeführt durch: Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, Institut für Abwasserwirtschaft und Gewässerschutz B-2.By 2020, the number of people living in developing countries will grow from 4.9 billion to 6.8 billion. Ninety percent of this increase will be in rapidly expanding cities and towns. More than half the population of Africa and Asia will live in urban areas by 2020. Growth in urban poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition and a shift in their concentration from rural to urban areas will accompany urbanization. Severe environmental degradation and hygienic problems caused by the lack of infrastructure are additional problems. The linking of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation could play an important role for the solution of the mentioned problems. Agriculture within city limits, socalled urban agriculture, became a survival strategy for many poor families in the last decades. These families would not be able to secure their nutrition without urban agriculture. This form of agriculture can be a vehicle to increase food security and health, to generate economic opportunities for people with low income, and to promote recycling of waste and waste water. The philosophy of ecosan is based on the consequent implementation of the closing the loops approach (Nutrient Cycling). Urine and faeces are regarded as resources rather than waste. If collected separately they could easily used as fertilizer respectively as soil conditioner. The objective of the research is to evaluate the potentials and constraints of the link of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation, in short UPA-Ecosan-Concept. The UPA-Ecosan-Concept enables sustainable resource management, prevention of environmental degradation through urban agriculture, an increase in soil fertility and therefore higher yields. The challenge is to prove this theoretical statement scientifically. It has to be evaluated, if an UPA-Ecosan concept fulfils the requirements of a system, which is safe, easy to maintain, and transferable to local conditions. However, such a system has to be as effective as possible with respect to nutrient recycling, sanitation and public health. A vital part of the studies will be the investigation of the safe reuse of faeces and urine and the social acceptability of re-circulation of human-derived nutrients. The results should lead to a catalogue of appropriate methods and technologies on which a sustainable UPA-Ecosan concept can be based. Such a catalogue is imperative for the development of clear political guidelines, which should allow an effective integration of urban and peri-urban agriculture and ecological sanitation in existing urban economies. As a final result, the catalogue should address the challenge of rapid urbanisation and corresponding growth of food insecurity and sanitation deficits of the urban poor.

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